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Unit 3 review: Development & Personality

Total questions: 48

Worksheet time: 26mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Self-esteem is lowest during

a)

Elementary school

b)

Puberty (12-14)

c)

Late adolescence (16-20)

d)

Early adulthood

2.

Teens tend to follow peer influences in dress, hairstyles, music, and

a)

Religious orientation

b)

College choices

c)

Career goals

d)

speech patterns

3.

Which is NOT part of the Five Factor Model of basic personality?

a)

openness to experience

b)

conscientiousness

c)

extraversion

d)

disagreeableness

4.

Children who set learning goals for themselves have parents who

a)

encourage them to be persistent

b)

inspire them to enjoy schoolwork.

c)

let them find their own ways to solve problems

d)

do all of the above

5.

According to Gordon Allport, a trait that dominates an individual's entire personality is called a ________ trait.

a)

Cardinal

b)

Secondary

c)

Primary

6.

Rachel is very careful to keep her new baby boy clothed and well-fed and to change his diaper when needed. She does not hold or touch him much because she thinks this will spoil him and make him too dependent. Based on Harlow's studies, what should you tell Rachel?

a)

Human babies can thrive well without being held much

b)

Babies need to be touched and held to develop normally

c)

Humans do not usually form true attachments until they are 18 months old

7.

Freud theorized that the part of the mind that functions according to the moral/conscience principle is the

a)

Id

b)

Ego

c)

Superego

8.

Erikson focused on _____, while Kohlberg focused primarily on _____ development.

a)

Social conflict; moral

b)

Social conflict; cognitive

c)

Cognitive; moral

d)

Moral; cognitive

9.

Susie is crying because her teddy bear, Bo, has fallen off the kitchen table and landed on its face. She insists that her mother put a bandage on Bo’s nose. Susie is in Piaget’s (a)   stage of development

Choose from the below words

Sensorimotor

Preoperational

Formal operational

10.

Sublimation is

a)

refusing to accept reality if it is upsetting

b)

seeing your own fears or unacceptable behavior in others rather than accept your own

c)

channeling basic impulses into acceptable behavior

d)

reverting to an earlier stage of development because of stress or anxiety

11.

Regression is

a)

reverting to an earlier stage of development because of stress or anxiety

b)

pushing ideas back to unconscious level

c)

using self-deception to justify unacceptable behavior

d)

seeing your own fears or unacceptable behavior in others rather than accept your own

12.

An authoritative parent is

a)

firm, punitive, and unsympathetic

b)

very lax about discipline and gives the child complete freedom

c)

firm but reasonable, and explains why a child’s behavior is incorrect

13.

Tyler wants to stay up late and watch a movie with his folks. They say, “Sure, we don’t mind!” When Tyler wants to sleep in rather than get up because he stayed up late, his parents let him do that. “Tyler should be able to make all his own decisions,” they say. “We don’t want him to feel there is anything he can’t do.” Tyler’s parents are displaying a(n) ______ parenting style.

a)

Permissive

b)

Authoritarian

c)

Authoritative

14.

The tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily, such as anger or anxiety, is called

a)

Regression

b)

Introversion

c)

Extraversion

d)

Neuroticism

15.

The tendency to seek stimulation in the company of others describes a personality known as

a)

Regression

b)

Introversion

c)

Extraversion

d)

Neuroticism

16.

The analytic theory developed by Carl Jung stresses that human behavior is influenced by

a)

Basic drives

b)

External forces or influences

17.

Putting the needs of the group ahead of your own personal needs is known as

a)

Behaviorism

b)

Collectivism

c)

Individualism

d)

Criticism

18.

Personality theorist Alfred Adler believed that people are motivated by

a)

The collective unconscious

b)

External forces and influences

c)

Feelings of inferiority

d)

Money

19.

Psychologist Carl Rogers argued that personality is the result of

a)

The conflicts among the id, ego, and superego

b)

Free choice and action

c)

Inferiority complex

d)

Collective unconscious

20.

Attempts by young adults to determine college choice, career choice, and decisions regarding relationships is called

a)

Displacement

b)

Generativity

c)

Reassessment

d)

Denial

21.

Abraham Maslow argued that differences in personality are linked to

a)

Hereditary factors

b)

Search of self-actualization

c)

Inferiority complex

d)

Ego

22.

According to Gail Sheehy, that period when adults are at the height of their creative and productive powers is called

a)

Empty nest syndrome

b)

Age of mastery

c)

Transition

d)

Reassessment

23.

According to Kohlberg, a person’s own guiding principles take precedence over laws in deciding right or wrong behavior in the __________ stage of moral reasoning.

a)

Postconventional

b)

Preconventional

c)

Conventional

d)

Relativistic

24.

According to Erikson, the first stage of development is a period when the infant develops the basic characteristic of

a)

Initiative v. Guilt

b)

Autonomy vs. Shame

25.

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross’s Stages of Death & Grief include all of the following except

a)

Denial

b)

Anger

c)

Bargaining

d)

Resolution

26.

The powerful survival impulse that leads infants to seek closeness to their caregivers is called

a)

Attachment

b)

Imprinting

c)

Habituation

d)

Assimilation

27.

According to Freud, during this stage of personality development children discover the difference between boys and girls

a)

The Oral Stage

b)

The Anal Stage

c)

The Phallic Stage

d)

The Latency Stage

28.

According to Piaget, which term refers to a child applying an existing schema to a new object?

a)

Assimilation

b)

Accommodation

c)

Intuitive reasoning

d)

Sensorimotor intelligence

29.

Because Pablo sees everything that happens around him from his own point of view, his thinking is

a)

Imprinted

b)

Representational

c)

Egocentric

d)

Telegraphic

30.

An infant who has developed object permanence

a)

Is attached to specific objects, such as a blanket

b)

Will see all objects as being the same

c)

Cries when a wanted object is taken away

d)

Knows that an object exists even if it is not in view

31.

We all face many “crisis” as we grow from infancy to old age.

a)

Jean Piaget

b)

Konrad Lorenz

c)

Erik Erikson

d)

Lawrence Kohlberg

32.

How is anorexia nervosa different from bulimia nervosa?

a)

Individuals with anorexia refuse to eat, whereas individuals with bulimia eat large quantities of food and then purge

b)

Individuals with anorexia can be treated with antidepressants, whereas there is no known treatment for bulimia

33.

An important advantage a 60 year old driver has over a 20 year old driver is that

a)

Better eyesight

b)

Quicker reflexes

c)

Greater strength

d)

More experience

34.

The goal of hospice care is to

a)

Improve the quality of life

b)

Avoid the use of drugs

c)

Prolong life

d)

Cure the individual's illness

35.

Tyler drives faster and more dangerously with his friends in the car. The reasons for Tyler’s change in behavior is due to:

a)

Obedience

b)

Polarization

c)

Risky shift

d)

Social loafing

36.

Ashley witnesses a mugging on a crowded bus, but does nothing to help the victim. When later asked by the police to explain his inaction, Ashley says that she figured someone else would help the victim. Ashley has cited which explanation for the bystander effect?

a)

Group inhibition

b)

Diffusion of responsibility

c)

Social contagion

d)

Arousal-cost-reward

37.

When 68-year old Mrs. Tamayo had a flat tire on a fairly isolated highway, she received help from a passerby in less than 10 minutes. One year later, she had a flat tire on a busy freeway, when an hour elapsed before someone finally stopped to offer assistance. Mrs. Tamayo’s experience best illustrates

a)

Group polarization

b)

The bystander effect

c)

The mere exposure effect

d)

The fundamental attribution error

38.

If you get someone to agree to a smaller request in the hopes of persuading them to agree to a larger request, which persuasion technique are you using?

a)

Reciprocity

b)

Door in the face

c)

Foot in the door

39.

The results of Milgram’s obedience experiments demonstrated:

a)

Males but not females will obey orders to shock another person.

b)

Psychiatrists overestimate the percentage of individuals who will harm others in laboratory experiments.

c)

A majority of people will obey orders that they know are unreasonable if they are told by an authority figure.

d)

Most people will not obey orders to harm others in the lab.

40.

Oversimplified and distorted beliefs about groups of people are called:

a)

Attribution

b)

Schemas

c)

Stereotypes

d)

Conformity

41.

Ben swims faster when there are large crowds at the swim meet than when he practices and no one is around. His faster times may be due to:

a)

Social facilitation

b)

Deindividuation

c)

Social inhibition

d)

Diffusion of responsibility

42.

You have gone to the local gym to exercise for about a week. You notice that everyone is wearing light colored socks. The next day, you go to the store to buy a pair of light colored socks and start wearing them to the gym. You think you look pretty neat. You have just experienced:

a)

Obedience

b)

Polarization

c)

Consensus

d)

Conformity

43.

Emily, a beautiful, tall, young woman has just become engaged to her boss, Mitch, an unattractive, middle-aged, bald, short investment banker. Emily and Mitch are in VIOLATION of the:

a)

Reciprocity norm

b)

Proximity factor

c)

Matching hypothesis

44.

Name the Stage of Development:

Ages 2-6: Representing things with words and images but lacking logical reasoning.

(a)  

45.

Name the Stage of Development:

Ages 12-Adulthood: Abstract reasoning, potential for mature moral reasoning

(a)  

46.

Name the Stage of Development:

Ages 6-12: Thinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations.

(a)  

47.

Name the Stage of Cognitive Development:

Ages 0-2: Experiencing the world through senses and actions.

(a)  

48.
Cindy understands her world primarily by grasping and sucking easily available objects. Cindy is clearly in Piaget's ________ stage
a)
preoperational
b)
concrete operational
c)
sensorimotor
d)
formal operational