cells in muscle, fat and the liver become resistant to insulin

the pancreas stops producing insulin completely

an autoimmune reaction destroys insulin-producing cells

excessive insulin is produced by the pancreas

occurs when your body can't make enough insulin during your pregnancy

is caused by an autoimmune destruction of beta cells

is due to excessive sugar intake during pregnancy

is caused by a viral infection during pregnancy

a progressive disorder that affects the nervous system and the parts of the body controlled by the nerves

a contagious disease that primarily affects the respiratory system

a genetic disorder that only affects children

a temporary condition caused by dehydration

A disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves.

A condition where the body produces too much insulin.

A disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels.

A disease that causes the bones to become brittle and weak.

Differential Diagnosis gathered from Medical hx, blood tests, MRI, spinal tap.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) and chest X-ray.

Urinalysis and liver function tests.

Skin prick allergy testing.

acute attacks or flareups marked by significant worsening of sx. (tx- steroids/plasmapheresis).

gradual improvement of symptoms without intervention (tx- physical therapy only).

complete remission with no further treatment required.

mild symptoms managed solely with dietary changes.

slow down the progression of MS. Specifically for relapsing remitting MS.

cure MS completely and permanently.

only provide symptomatic relief without affecting disease progression.

are used exclusively for secondary progressive MS.

Insulates, protects, temperature and water regulation

Produces hormones for growth

Breaks down food for energy

Transports oxygen in the blood

Provides support for body (framework)

Regulates body temperature

Produces hormones

Aids in digestion

Creates and limits movement, moves food along the digestive tract and circulates blood.

Produces hormones to regulate body functions.

Filters waste from the blood and produces urine.

Transmits electrical signals throughout the body.

Circulates blood/oxygen and from the cells of the body

Produces hormones for the body

Breaks down food for energy

Controls body movement

Breathing/ gas exchange

Digestion of food

Pumping blood

Producing hormones

Controls and regulates all systems of the body

Helps in digestion of food

Produces hormones for growth

Stores minerals in the bones

Uses hormones to control and coordinate your body's metabolism, energy level, reproduction, growth and development, and response to injury, stress, and mood.

Transports oxygen and nutrients to the body's cells and removes waste products.

Breaks down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body.

Provides structural support and protection for the body's organs.

Drains tissue spaces of excess ISF, absorbs fats from the intestines, protects body from disease

Regulates blood sugar levels and produces insulin

Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

Controls voluntary and involuntary muscle movements

Absorbs nutrients from food and eliminates indigestible wastes

Pumps blood throughout the body

Controls body movements and balance

Filters waste from the blood

Allows for the process of conception, pregnancy and birth

Regulates the body's metabolism and energy

Controls voluntary and involuntary movements

Filters waste products from the blood

filters blood & rids body of wastes & excess water

produces hormones for growth

breaks down food for energy

pumps blood throughout the body

a. blood clot or obstruction that limits blood flow to that portion of the brain (tx: clot busting drug within first 3hrs.) b. is caused by a burst blood vessel causing bleeding on the brain (tx: surgical intervention)

a. both are caused by infections in the brain (tx: antibiotics for both)

a. ischemic stroke is due to high blood pressure (tx: antihypertensive drugs), hemorrhagic stroke is due to low blood sugar (tx: glucose infusion)

a. both are caused by trauma to the head (tx: rest and painkillers)

Medullary Cavity

Epiphysis

Periosteum

Articular Cartilage

An increase in the amount of stomach acid causes the lining of the digestive tract to break down.

It is a condition where the stomach produces no acid at all.

It is caused by a lack of digestive enzymes in the mouth.

It is a result of the liver producing excess bile.

They both care for elderly, disabled, or rehabilitation patients.

They both provide only short-term medical care.

They both require residents to be under 50 years old.

They both specialize in pediatric care.

Assisted living residents do not require round the clock care & are usually more independent than nursing home residents.

Nursing home residents are generally younger than those in independent living facilities.

Independent living facilities provide more medical care than nursing homes.

Nursing homes offer less supervision and support than independent living facilities.

The business practice of maintaining expense levels to prevent unnecessary spending, or thoughtfully reducing expenses to improve profitability. Ex: Treatment in outpatient settings, Preventative Care, Energy Conservation

A method of increasing company revenue by expanding product lines. Ex: Launching new products, entering new markets, increasing advertising.

A strategy to maximize employee productivity by increasing work hours. Ex: Mandatory overtime, reduced breaks, extended shifts.

A process of improving customer satisfaction by offering more services. Ex: Free upgrades, loyalty programs, extended warranties.

a. Methods of payment for delivery system services. b. Any person who needs healthcare services.

a. Types of medical equipment used. b. Only doctors and nurses.

a. Hospital building designs. b. Insurance companies only.

a. Medical record keeping. b. Government health agencies.

Employees must respect the roles of other team members.

Employees can ignore the roles of other team members.

Only managers have defined roles in healthcare facilities.

Organizational structures are not important in healthcare settings.

Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Planning

Systematic, Objective, Analysis, Procedure

Summary, Observation, Action, Plan

Standard, Operation, Assessment, Protocol

Uniform charting helps other medical personnel know where to look for patient information.

SOAP notes are only used for billing purposes.

SOAP notes eliminate the need for patient confidentiality.

SOAP notes are only required in emergency situations.

Open-ended allows for the patient to speak more. Closed is usually answered with a yes or no.

Open-ended questions are always about numbers. Closed questions require a story.

Open-ended questions are answered with yes or no. Closed questions require long explanations.

Open-ended questions are only for doctors. Closed questions are only for patients.

Sender

Message

Channel

Receiver

Receiver

Sender

Message

Channel

Objective=Signs, Subjective=Symptoms

Objective=Symptoms, Subjective=Signs

Objective=Feelings, Subjective=Observations

Objective=Opinions, Subjective=Facts

Feedback method that offers specific, actionable recommendations. Make sure to choose words carefully.

A way to criticize someone harshly without offering solutions.

Ignoring mistakes to avoid hurting feelings.

Praising everything regardless of performance.

Surgical=sterile (autoclave), Medical=clean (handwashing)

Surgical=clean (handwashing), Medical=sterile (autoclave)

Surgical=use of gloves, Medical=use of antibiotics

Surgical=disinfection, Medical=sterilization

Before administering care & in between patients.

Only after your shift ends.

Whenever you feel like it.

Only if gloves are visibly dirty.

All blood, body fluids, secretions, & excretions, except sweat, should be considered infectious

Only blood should be considered infectious under standard precautions

Standard precautions apply only to patients with known infections

Standard precautions are only necessary in surgical settings

direct or indirect contact (gowns & gloves)

airborne transmission (N95 respirator)

droplet transmission (surgical mask)

vector-borne transmission (insect repellent)

occurs when droplets are expelled by talking, coughing or sneezing (standard surgical mask)

transmitted through direct contact with blood (gloves and gown)

spread by airborne particles that remain suspended in the air (N95 respirator)

requires isolation from all visitors and staff (negative pressure room)

negative pressure room, hepa mask or n95 respirator

private room, surgical mask only

hand hygiene only, no mask required

gown and gloves only, no mask

Always throw it away.

Send it to another patient.

Store it for later use.

Return it to the kitchen.

Before patient care & in between patients.

Only after leaving the hospital.

Only when hands look dirty.

Once a day before starting work.

Anything sharp.

Paper waste.

Food wrappers.

Plastic bottles.

Freedom of speech

Owning private property only

Having a driver's license

Paying taxes

Info that is shared within a protected relationship

A public announcement made at a conference

A rumor spread among classmates

A news article published in a newspaper

releasing, transferring, or providing access to PHI

destroying PHI without authorization

encrypting PHI for security purposes

storing PHI in a secure location

Document detailing wishes in the event they become incapacitated. 1. Durable POA for healthcare, Living Will

A type of insurance policy for medical expenses

A legal document for property inheritance only

A prescription for end-of-life medications

Doctor details risks & benefits involved with the surgery prior to getting a signature.

Patient signs a form without any explanation.

Consent given by a family member without patient knowledge.

Doctor performs surgery without any consent.

a. deals with laws

b. deals with morally right & wrong

c. deals with financial matters

d. deals with scientific theories

Name & date of birth (armband)

Room number

Favorite color

Medical condition

Report it immediately.

Ignore it and continue working.

Wait for someone else to report it.

Discuss it with coworkers before taking action.

Short, shuffling movements as you rotate

Take large steps quickly

Keep your feet planted and twist your body

Jump to turn around

It includes how we hold our bodies when we sit, stand, lift, carry, bend, and sleep. Feet shoulder width, carry items close to you, bend at the knees & not at the back.

It is only about how we breathe during exercise and has nothing to do with lifting or carrying.

Body mechanics refers to the way we eat and drink to maintain energy levels.

It is the study of how machines move and has no relevance to human posture.

Report it to the supervisor immediately.

Continue the exercises as planned.

Ask the patient to ignore the dizziness.

Give the patient water and continue.

Nothing by mouth. To prevent patients from vomiting and aspirating.

Nasal passage open. To help with breathing during surgery.

Nerve protection order. To prevent nerve damage during surgery.

Nutritional protein only. To maintain energy levels before surgery.

Ambulation- promote circulation & prevent blood clots. Incentive spirometer- decrease change of pneumonia.

Restricting all movement and bed rest for several weeks.

Avoiding all breathing exercises to prevent fatigue.

Limiting fluid intake to prevent swelling.

Shave away from the operative site.

Shave towards the operative site.

Shave in a circular motion around the site.

Do not shave at all before surgery.

Post-Anesthesia Care Unit, V/S q 15-60min

Post-Admission Care Unit, V/S q 2-4hr

Pre-Anesthesia Care Unit, V/S q 5-10min

Post-Assessment Care Unit, V/S q 1-2hr

bowel training

bladder training

fluid restriction

urinary retention

Ostomy

A type of surgical instrument

A type of medication

A type of physical therapy

Gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection are types of PPE used in different situations.

Only wearing regular clothes is sufficient PPE in all situations.

PPE is not necessary when dealing with bloodborne pathogens.

Wearing sandals and shorts is appropriate PPE for all situations.

Written procedures

Emergency evacuation routes

Employee dress code

Company holiday schedule

Blood & other bodily fluids, mucous membranes, non-intact skin, tissue specimens, and instruments that have been in contact with any of those.

Clean water, sealed food packages, and unused medical gloves.

Sterilized surgical instruments and unopened bandages.

Plastic containers, glassware, and unused paper towels.

Unprotected sex, sharing needles

Washing hands regularly, eating cooked food

Wearing a mask, using hand sanitizer

Exercising daily, drinking clean water