WorksheetsUnit 2 Exam Review
Total questions: 54
Worksheet time: 27mins
Which of the following best defines species richness?
The number of different species in an ecosystem
The variety of genes within a population
The relative abundance of individuals among species
The number of habitats in a given region
Which of the following best defines species evenness?
The relative abundance of individuals among species
The variety of genes within a population
The number of different species in an ecosystem
The number of habitats in a given region
Which of the following is an example of a provisioning service?
Timber harvested for lumber
Pollination of crops
Nutrient cycling in soils
Regulation of floodwaters
Which of the following is a supporting ecosystem service?
Soil formation
Recreation and tourism
Climate regulation
Food production
The cultural ecosystem services provided by a coral reef most likely include:
Tourism and recreation
Carbon sequestration
Habitat for fish species
Production of fish protein
A wetland filters pollutants from agricultural runoff before the water enters a river. This is an example of:
Regulating service
Provisioning service
Cultural service
Supporting service
Which of the following is a generalist species?
Cockroach
Panda bear
Koala
Salamander
A species with a narrow ecological tolerance is more likely to be:
A specialist
A generalist
An r-selected species
An invasive species
When two species compete for the same limited resource, one will often be excluded from the niche. This is known as:
Competitive exclusion principle
Resource partitioning
Mutualism
Symbiosis
The dark, heat-absorbing coloration of a reptile is an example of:
Physiological adaptation
Camouflage
Behavioral adaptation
Structural adaptation
A realized niche differs from a fundamental niche in that:
The realized niche is limited by competition
The realized niche is larger
The fundamental niche depends on symbiosis
The fundamental niche occurs only on islands
Which island would have the highest biodiversity?
Large, close to mainland
Small, far from mainland
Large, far from mainland
Small, close to mainland
According to the theory of island biogeography, island species are especially vulnerable to extinction because:
They often have small populations
They are typically generalists
They have high genetic diversity
They are r-selected species
Which factor increases the likelihood of colonization of an island?
Large island area
High predator density
Distance far from mainland
Low immigration rate
Which of the following best explains why finches in the Galápagos evolved specialized beaks?
Limited and varied food resources on islands
Abundant and nutrient-rich food sources
Reduced competition with mammals
Stable island climate year-round
A population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide. This is an example of:
Evolution by natural selection
Physiological tolerance
Artificial selection
Migration
Which of the following would not increase genetic diversity in a population?
Bottleneck effect
Mutation
Migration
Sexual reproduction
Which of the following best explains why populations with greater genetic diversity are more resilient to environmental stressors?
They contain traits that allow some individuals to survive
They are more likely to be r-selected
They have more individuals to fill ecological niches
They migrate more easily to new habitats
Which is an example of directional selection?
Peppered moths becoming darker after industrialization
A population remaining stable around an average size
Selection against extreme traits in a population
A balance between multiple phenotypes
In a drought that favors large seeds, finches with larger beaks are more successful. This is an example of:
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection
Genetic drift
Which of the following best represents primary succession?
Plants growing after a volcanic eruption
Forest regrowth after a fire
Plants colonizing abandoned farmland
Wetlands recovering from drainage
Which of the following best represents secondary succession?
Vegetation regrowing after clear-cutting
Lichen growing on bare rock
Moss colonizing a lava flow
Soil forming after glacial retreat
Which of the following is a pioneer species?
Lichen
Oak tree
Beech tree
Hickory
Oak and hickory are considered late successional species because:
They require stable soils and established communities
They are shade-intolerant
They grow best in disturbed areas
They reproduce quickly after disturbances
Which of the following ecosystems would have the highest species richness?
Mature temperate forest
Recently glaciated rock
Mid-successional meadow
Bare sand dune
A population growing at its biotic potential will show:
Exponential growth
Logistic growth
Linear growth
Decline
Carrying capacity (K) is defined as:
The maximum population size that can be supported long term
The maximum reproductive rate of a population
The population size at which extinction risk is lowest
The minimum viable population size
Which of the following is a characteristic of r-selected species?
Many offspring with little parental care
Large body size
Long lifespan
Few offspring with high parental care
Which of the following is a characteristic of K-selected species?
High parental care
Early maturity
Many offspring
Rapid population growth
Which of the following species would most likely follow a Type I survivorship curve?
Humans
Frogs
Insects
Oysters
Which curve shows high mortality early in life, followed by long survival?
Type III
Type I
Type II
Logistic
Which survivorship curve best represents birds, where mortality is constant throughout life?
Type II
Type I
Type III
None
In a predator-prey relationship, which of the following best describes a keystone species?
A species with a disproportionate impact on ecosystem stability
A species that is abundant and widespread
A species that provides food directly for humans
A species with narrow tolerance
Pisaster sea stars are considered keystone species because:
Their removal drastically alters community structure
They are top predators
Their removal decreases mussel populations
They provide habitat for algae
Which interaction describes mutualism?
Bees pollinating flowers
Ticks feeding on deer
Lions hunting zebras
Barnacles attaching to whales
Which anthropogenic activity leads to secondary succession?
Clear-cutting a forest
Volcanic eruption
Glacial retreat
Lava flow
Which of the following would reduce biodiversity most in a forest ecosystem?
Invasive species
Prescribed burns
Natural wildfires
Selective logging
Habitat fragmentation typically results in:
Increased edge effects
Increased core habitat
Increased biodiversity
Decreased vulnerability to invasive species
An invasive species often thrives because:
It lacks natural predators in the new ecosystem
It is always r-selected
It increases native biodiversity
It has a narrow niche
Which of the following best describes ecosystem resilience?
The ability to recover after disturbance
The ability to resist disturbance entirely
The ability to avoid human influence
The ability to increase species richness after disturbance
A population graph that levels off after rapid growth most likely represents:
Logistic growth reaching carrying capacity
Exponential growth at biotic potential
Overshoot and collapse
Directional selection
In a population overshoot, which of the following is most likely to occur?
Population declines due to resource depletion
Carrying capacity increases permanently
Exponential growth continues indefinitely
Species shift from r-selected to K-selected
If wolves are introduced to an island with many moose, what will happen initially?
Moose population decreases due to predation
Moose population rises
Wolf population decreases
Both populations increase
If a population’s average beak size was 9.5 mm in 1976 and 10.2 mm in 1978, the most likely explanation is:
Food sources shifted toward larger seeds
Birds randomly changed their beak size
Mutation reduced average beak size
The population grew in number
Which type of diversity increases resilience to disease within a species?
Genetic diversity
Species richness
Habitat diversity
Ecosystem diversity
Which of the following is an example of a density-dependent limiting factor?
Competition
Wildfire
Drought
Flood
Which of the following is an example of a density-independent limiting factor?
Hurricane
Food scarcity
Disease
Predation
Which of the following ecosystems would likely have the highest biodiversity?
Tropical rainforest
Tundra
Boreal forest
Desert
Which strategy would most effectively preserve biodiversity?
Establishing large protected reserves
Encouraging monoculture farming
Introducing invasive species
Increasing edge habitat
Select all answers that would help an animal survive predation
Large talons on an eagle
Coloration that camoflauges a moth
Armor on an armadillo
Heat absorbing color on a snake
Long neck on a giraffe
Which of the following factors is most likely to lead to a decrease in biodiversity?
Habitat destruction
Increased genetic variation
Conservation efforts
Natural disasters
In an ecosystem, the role of a species in its environment is referred to as its:
Community
Biome
Habitat
Niche
Which of the following best describes the concept of ecological succession?
The immediate response of an ecosystem to a disturbance
The competition between species for resources
The adaptation of species to their environment
The gradual process of change and replacement in a community
