WorksheetsDLE1243 (CHAPTER 1&2)
Total questions: 142
Worksheet time: 1hrs 18mins
Why is the study of criminal justice important for law enforcement personnel?
It replaces the need for legal advisors.
It guarantees promotion in their career.
It provides understanding of legal processes.
It helps them win arguments in court.
Which of the following BEST explains the rationale of studying criminal justice?
To focus on punishment methods.
To learn how to avoid being arrested.
To strengthen law enforcement administration.
To understand traffic laws.
Understanding the context of criminal justice helps law enforcement personnel to...
Eliminate the need for evidence.
Ensure faster court trials.
Avoid attending training.
Enforce laws effectively.
The word “crime” originated from the Latin word “crimen”. What does it mean?
Punishment, prison, and court
Authority, rule, and control
Offence, sin, and wickedness
Law, order, and fairness
The word “justice” originated from the Latin word “justus”. What is its meaning?
Equality and fairness
Power of the king
Administration of law
Mercy and forgiveness
Which of the following pairs is correct regarding the origin of words?
Justice → Roman “Juris” → Meaning: Forgiveness
Crime → Latin “Crimen” → Meaning: Equality and order
Crime → Greek “Krimos” → Meaning: Punishment
Justice → Latin “Justus” → Meaning: Administration of law
Which of the following BEST defines crime?
Any act that causes harm to another person.
Any morally wrong behaviour, regardless of law.
An action or omission that constitutes an offence.
Any act disliked by society.
When can an act or omission be considered a crime?
If it is published in newspapers as unlawful.
If the majority of people find it offensive.
If it is prohibited by law.
If it is against cultural traditions.
Which element of crime refers to the “guilty mind or intention”?
Prima Facie
Habeas Corpus
Mens Rea
Actus Reus
Which element of crime refers to the “voluntary physical act or omission”?
Mala Prohibita
Ratio Decidendi
Mens Rea
Actus Reus
Which is NOT an element of crime?
Mens Rea
Actus Reus
Punishment
Trial
Match the element of crime
Mens Rea
Intention to steal
Actus Reus
Burn house down
Punishment
Imprisonment
Violation
Penal C
Mei Lin pushes her friend as a joke, but the friend falls and gets injured. She didn’t mean to cause harm.
Which element of crime will the court look at first?
Mens Rea
Actus Reus
Punishment
Violation
Which of the following BEST defines justice?
following traditions
police authority to punish offenders
being fair
power to control others
Which is NOT importance of justice important in society?
unfair favoritism and bias
good values and moral conduct
equal treatment for everyone
wrongdoing is punished
Justice contributes to a harmonious society by...
Eliminating the need for laws
Guaranteeing that no one will ever commit crime
Promoting equality in resolving disputes
Allowing selective punishment
Which of the following BEST illustrates “equitable distribution of goods” as an aspect of justice?
Distribution based on favoritism.
Only the powerful get access to resources.
Resources are distributed fairly.
Everyone gets the same salary regardless of work.
Which of the following scenarios shows justice being applied?
A company promotes only relatives of the boss.
A police officer arrests only people from one ethnic group.
A school treats all students equally regardless of background.
A judge gives a lighter sentence to a rich person than to a poor person for the same crime.
Match the following scenario to importance of justice
Same offence, same charge
Equal treatement in law
Disaster relief based on family size
Equitable distribution of goods
Cheating student sent to discipline board
Punish wrongdoing
Hiring based on merit
Impartiality
Settle dispute by listening to both sides
Harmonious society
Justice as harmony means...
A system where punishment is more important than fairness.
Everyone should have the same wealth.
A proper relationship between people in a society.
The government has total control over society.
A person’s soul achieves harmony when…
Reason is ignored.
Desire is suppressed completely.
Spirit dominates all other aspects.
Spirit, reason, and desire are in balance.
How does justice make an individual a good person in society?
By allowing them to follow only their desires.
By giving them immunity from punishment.
By guiding them to contribute to societal harmony.
By ensuring they always agree with others.
Murder is wrong in the context of justice as harmony because it...
benefits only the offender.
reduces population growth.
destroys societal balance.
is only a legal offence.
A just person in society is one who…
is in favor of desire
avoids responsibilities
prioritizes personal gain
acts for societal harmony
During a town hall, residents listen to each other respectfully, balancing their needs with the good of the whole community.
How does this show justice as harmony?
It creates proper societal relationship.
It gives more power to the majority group.
It ensures only the loudest voices are heard.
It avoids the need for rules or laws.
Cheating in an exam go against justice as harmony because...
it destroys equality in the community
it is not yet considered a crime
only teachers are affected
desire must always be satisfied
A just leader distributes resources fairly based on the needs of the people, not only to friends.
Which aspect of justice as harmony is being practiced?
Ignoring reason and following emotions
Creating disharmony by favoritism
Acting selfishly for personal success
Balancing spirit, reason, and desire in decision-making
Match the following scenario to aspects of harmony soul
determination to uphold the law
Spirit
logical thinking: collects evidence
Reason
wanting recognition
Desire
According to the principle “Justice is from God,” what determines justice?
Individual opinion
Divine command
Laws made by parliament
Social traditions and customs
Why must a just person follow what God commands?
Because it ensures personal wealth
Because it avoids punishment from society
Because God defines what is just
Because it guarantees social approval
A murderer must be punished as a divine command because…
it reduces societal resources
God condemns it
it disrupts societal harmony
society dislikes it
The belief that justice is from God emphasizes which foundation of law?
Common law
Civil law
Customary law
Divine law
A police officer refuses a bribe, saying that corruption is sinful and against God’s law.
What does this show about justice?
Justice is about gaining personal respect.
Justice is about avoiding punishment from superiors.
Justice depends on human-made laws.
Justice is defined by divine command.
Origins of justice as divine command theory is...
social agreements
universal moral principles
religious doctrines
cultural norms
Which of the following is an example of justice as divine command in practice?
Human rights
International treaties
Sharia laws
Social contracts
According to divine command theory, an action is just if it conforms...
God's will
social utility
human reasoning
society consensus
A limitation of justice as divine command is...
It is too flexible and varies between cultures.
It requires differing human interpretations of divine will.
It ignores moral principles entirely.
It does not consider legal systems at all.
What is the main idea of justice under natural law?
Justice is determined by cultural traditions.
Justice depends on government enforcement.
Justice is based on universal moral principles.
Justice comes from human-made laws.
According to natural law, why is murder considered wrong?
Because it creates disharmony in society.
Because it is inherently wrong.
Because the law says so.
Because society decides it is wrong.
Justice as natural law means that justice...
Changes depending on culture and country.
Comes naturally from human actions.
Exists in a written constitution.
Depends on majority voting.
Which of the following best represents the concept of justice as natural law?
Laws enacted by parliament.
Rights recognized across cultures.
Social contracts agreed by citizens.
Punishments determined by local custom.
According to natural law theory, an unjust law is...
Still valid because humans created it.
Not a true law if it conflicts with moral principles.
Only valid if it is enforced by the state.
Always culturally relative.
Which of the following BEST describes the foundation of natural law?
Customs and traditions
Human-made legal codes
God’s divine command
Unchanging human principles
What is the origin of justice as natural law?
created by human societies
universal moral principles
dictated by political institutions
depends on cultural customs
An example of justice as natural law in practice is...
Administrative legal codes
Social norms
Prohibiting immoral culture
Equal human rights
What is the main idea of justice as human creation?
Justice is based on customs and traditions
Justice is defined by human beings
Justice comes naturally from human actions
Justice is commanded by God
An example of justice as a human creation in modern society is...
Innate sense of fairness in children
Constitutional laws regulating equality
Universal natural rights
Moral duties dictated by God
The human creation perspective of justice suggests that justice is...
absolute and unchanging
varying depending on context
the word of God
biologically determined
Which statement aligns with the concept of justice as a human creation?
Justice is only concerned with spiritual morality.
Justice exists independently of human society.
Justice is the same across all cultures and times.
Laws reflect human decisions about what is fair.
Justice as a human creation is originated from...
independently of human thought
divine command
social norms, laws, and institutions
instinct inherent in all humans
According to justice as human creation, who decides what is right?
Nature
Society
Government
God
Murder considered wrong according to justice as human creation because...
it causes societal disharmony
it is naturally wrong to kill
humans decides its is wrong
God commands it
What is the origin of justice as mutual agreement?
created by nature itself
social contract
universal natural principles
commanded by God
What makes laws legitimate in the theory of justice as mutual agreement?
Commanded by God
Discovered through nature
Accepted by consensus of society
Enforced by fear of punishment
Why is murder considered wrong under justice as mutual agreement?
It is agreed by society
It violates divine command
It is inherently evil
It disrupts natural harmony
Match the following roles of justice
victim-offender mediation
Harmony
Hudud penalties
Divine command
Human rights
Natural law
Penal Code
Human creation
Alternative dispute resolution
Mutual agreement
What is another name for distributive justice?
Legal Justice
Political Justice
Economic Justice
Social Justice
What is the central concern of distributive justice?
Unbiased legal processes
Revenge for wrongdoing
Fair allocation of resources
Proper investigation
Which of the following is NOT a principle of distributive justice?
Need – prioritizing those most disadvantaged
Neutrality – unbiased legal processes
Equity – fair distribution based on contribution or need
Equality – equal access to rights and liberties
Which of the following is an example of distributive justice in the criminal justice system?
Police officers using discretion in arrest
Conducting trials according to the Criminal Procedure Code
Imposing the death penalty for murder
Providing free legal aid to those who cannot afford a lawyer
What is the main concern of distributive justice?
Harmony between spirit, reason, and desire
Following divine commands of justice
Fair punishment for crime
Equal treatment in courts
According to distributive justice, how should punishments be determined?
wealth of the offender
traditions of the community
seriousness of the crime
personal feelings of the judge
What is the main idea of retributive justice?
Social contract
Revenge
Repair harm caused
Fairness
Which phrase BEST represents retributive justice?
Justice comes from harmony
Justice heals, not punishes
An eye for an eye
Justice is fairness
Why is retributive justice considered a “backward-looking” approach?
It relies heavily on predicting criminal behavior
It focuses on the wrong already committed
It emphasizes reforming the offender
It focuses on preventing future crimes
Which punishment in Malaysia best illustrates retributive justice?
Diversion programs for juveniles
Rehabilitation programs for drug offenders
Death penalty for murder
Community service for minor offences
According to retributive justice, death penalty seen as suitable for murder because...
the law was created by humans
the offender deserves the same treatment
it deters others from committing crime
it restores harmony in society
Which of the following BEST distinguishes retributive justice from other theories?
It looks backward at the crime
It focuses on repairing harm to victims
It ensures resources are distributed fairly
It is based on social contracts
What social purpose does retributive justice serve?
Encouraging forgiveness in society
Restoring moral balance
Reducing prison overcrowding
Reconciliation between offender and victim
What is the main principle of retributive justice?
Forgiveness and reconciliation
Balancing injustice with punishment
Future prevention of crime
Equal distribution of resources
What is the main focus of procedural justice?
Societal relationship
Equal punishment
Legal system process
Societal rules
Which of the following is NOT a core element of procedural justice?
Voice
Neutrality
Respect
Wealth
According to procedural justice, a person be found guilty or innocent after...
the victim requests punishment
court passes sentence
the police accuse them
public opinion decides
Why is procedural justice important in the criminal justice system?
It allows revenge against offenders.
It makes sure society agrees on justice.
It guarantees fair trial.
It ensures severe punishments.
Which law provides the foundation for procedural justice in criminal cases?
Penal Code
Contracts Act
Criminal Procedure Code
Evidence Act
Which of the following situations BEST demonstrates procedural justice?
A victim demands punishment without investigation
A police officer punishes based on personal belief
A judge hears both sides before giving a verdict
A suspect is immediately jailed without trial
How does restorative justice primarily differ from retributive justice?
It views crime as an offence against the state
It emphasizes harsher punishments for offenders
It views crime as an offence against individuals
It focuses only on equality of resource distribution
How does restorative justice primarily define crime?
As revenge to offender
As a violation of relationships
As an offence against the state
These are central goal of restorative justice EXCEPT...
Healing victims
Rehabilitating offenders
Repairing community harm
Ensuring equal punishment
In restorative justice, victims...
Decide the punishment without mediation
Receive financial compensation
Define offenders’ responsibilities
Have no role in the process
Which of the following BEST reflects an offender’s role in restorative justice?
Appealing for a reduced sentence
Demanding equal treatment under the law
Taking responsibility for causing harm
Ignoring the victim’s feelings
Which is an example of restorative justice?
Death penalty for murder cases
Reconciliation after conflicts
Fair trial
Free legal aid
The criminal justice system is best defined as...
Resolving civil disputes between individuals.
Law enforcement system
A system for creating new laws
A process for arbitrating commercial contracts
Which of the following is NOT a function of the criminal justice system?
Defending accused persons
Regulating commercial contracts
Prosecuting offenders
Investigating crimes
Match the following criminal justice system aspects
offense and punishment
Substantive
trial process
Procedural
facts in court
Evidence
What is the main function of law enforcement agencies in the criminal justice system?
Arbitrating civil disputes
Defending accused persons in court
Investigating violation of law
Creating new criminal laws
Which of the following is a key task performed during a criminal investigation?
Providing legal advice to victims
Issuing civil contracts
Writing new laws for Parliament
Collecting evidence for prosecution
Investigating powers of the police in Malaysia are primarily provided under...
Constitution of Malaysia
Evidence Act 1950
Police Act 1967
Penal Code 2001
These are law enforcement investigative tasks EXCEPT...
Determine if a crime has occurred
Identify suspects
Collect evidence
Sentencing offenders
Prosecution in the criminal justice system refers to...
Investigating a crime and collecting evidence
Legal proceeding where an accused is tried in court
Defending the accused in court
Mediation between the offender and victim
In Malaysia, criminal prosecutions are conducted by...
Judges directly prosecuting the accused
Police officers at the scene of the crime
Prosecutors from the Attorney General’s Chambers
Private lawyers hired by victims
During prosecution, the burden of proof lies with...
Police
Public prosecutor
Accused
Judge
Which of the following is NOT a function of prosecution?
Investigating crime scene and collecting evidence
Discontinuing criminal proceedings in certain cases
Conducting the trial against the accused
Instituting criminal proceedings
The defence in a criminal trial refers to...
The court deciding on the sentence
The prosecution presenting evidence against the accused
The process of the accused presenting evidence in their favor
The process of investigating a crime
What is the primary role of a defence lawyer?
Decide the sentence of the accused
Conduct the prosecution
Argue on behalf of the accused
Investigate the crime
In a criminal trial, who bears the burden of proving the accused’s innocence?
Judge
Prosecution
Defence lawyer
Accused
A key strategy of the defence of accused is to...
Create reasonable doubt
Prove the accused is guilty
Enforce the law on the accused
Investigate the crime scene
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the defence in a criminal trial?
Proving the accused’s innocence beyond doubt
Presenting evidence in favor of the accused
Challenging the prosecution’s evidence
Representing the accused in court
The primary role of the court in a criminal case is to...
Draft criminal laws
Collect evidence at the crime scene
Hear and determine the case
Investigate the crime
The court’s authority to hear a criminal case is determined by...
The accused’s social status
The prosecutor’s preference
The court’s jurisdiction
The type of evidence collected
If the court finds the accused innocent, it must...
Refer the case to the prosecutor for retry
Send the accused back for further investigation
Acquit and release the accused
Convict and sentence the accused
If the court finds the accused guilty, it must...
Refer the case to another court for review
Conduct a new investigation
Convict and pass a sentence
Immediately release the accused
Which of the following is not a function of the court in a criminal trial?
Passing a sentence if the accused is guilty
Conducting the investigation of the crime
Determining guilt or innocence of the accused
Hearing the prosecution and defence
Sentencing in the criminal justice system refers to...
Drafting new criminal laws
Enforcement of punishment by executing agency
Defending the accused in court
Investigating the crime and collecting evidence
Match the following executing agency
whipping, death penalty
Prisons Department
Approved School Order
Corrective Schools
community service order
Social Welfare Department
What determines whether an act constitutes a crime?
International treaties
Country’s laws
Local courts
United Nations
Which of the following is an example of a crime in some countries but not in others?
Robbery
Murder
Bigamy
Theft
Generally, crime is as an offence against...
individual
Parliament
society
government
Who has the power to criminalise or decriminalise acts or omissions?
Prime Minister
Parliament
Courts
Police
2 elements of crime are...
Mens rea
Actus reus
Corpus delicti
Habeas corpus
Siti accidentally takes another person’s handbag, thinking it is hers. Which element does the court look at first?
Actus reus
Mens rea
Proof
Guilt
What is the "mens rea" in criminal law?
The guilty mind
The guilty act
The legal defense
The legal prosecution
Element of a crime that describes a person committing the criminal action.
crime
misdemeanor
felony
guilty mind
guilty act
Consensus view of criminality is...
based on individual opinions
it depends on the majority
it varies from person to person
irrelevant to the law
The consensus view of crime suggests that laws are...
Created by powerful groups to control the weak
Based on religious authority and customs
A reflection of society’s shared values and beliefs
Arbitrarily enforced by law enforcement agencies
Consensus view of crime is because it...
benefits the elite class
threatens social order
generates government revenue
is seen as dangerous
The consensus view assumes that...
Society is made up of groups in constant conflict
Everyone benefits equally from laws
Laws reflect the common will of the people
Crime only exists in poor communities
Which statement aligns MOST with the consensus perspective?
Laws are a tool of oppression
Crime is a product of inequality
Laws represent collective agreement
Crime is defined based on social class
Under the consensus view, criminal law is seen as...
mechanism for powerful groups to maintain control
framework equally applied to everyone
method to resolve economic struggles
tool to punish only the minority groups
The conflict view of crime suggests that laws are...
equally applied to everyone
created by consensus
made by those in power
to protect the vulnerable group
Conflict view sees law as a...
tool for social order
means of control
way to promote equality
reflection of natural law
The conflict view holds that criminal law is...
uphold moral belief
beneficial to the elite
to punish harmful behaviour
protecting the society
Interactionist view criminal law as...
static and unchanging
reflecting societal interactions
determined by the government
based on historical precedents
Interactionist views that laws are...
created according to religious texts.
debated by societal groups.
designed for tax collection.
When different groups push their values into law, interactionist views this as...
breakdown of democracy.
defining what becomes criminal.
indication of riots.
proof that laws are unchangeable.
What is the minimum number of years for imprisonment to be considered a serious offence?
12
10
5
2
Non-serious offence under the Penal Code is defined by...
fine more than RM10,000
whipping
public canning
imprisonment less than 10 years
Which is NOT a crimes listed in the Penal Code?
Traffic offence
Terrorism
Public Tranquility
Criminal Intimidation
What are the two classifications of crime according to the crime index in Malaysia?
Property crime
Violent crime
Cyber crime
White-collar crime
What are some examples of property crimes?
Theft
Assault
Fraud
Vandalism
Which of the following is NOT considered a violent crime?
Murder
Rape
Theft
Assault
Which of the following best describes liability in criminal proceedings?
Collection of evidence by the police
Establishing the accused’s civil responsibility
Finding of guilt of the accused by the court
Determination of the accused’s innocence
Which of the following is NOT required to establish criminal liability?
All elements of the crime are fulfilled
Production of evidence through testimony and other evidence
No defence is available
The accused’s confession
Why is the “chain of causation” important in proving liability?
It allows evidence to be dismissed
It links the accused’s act to the resulting harm
It prevents defences from being raised
It ensures the accused had a motive
In establishing liability, what role does the testimony of witnesses play?
It prevents the accused from raising a defence
It replaces physical evidence
It guarantees conviction of the accused
It provides evidence to support or disprove the accused’s guilt
Which does NOT have causation connect in a legal context?
Conduct
Injury
Effect
Profit
Which of the following best illustrates a break in the chain of causation?
Dies after being punched then kicked
Stomachache after being poisoned from given drink
Dies after given wrong medication after being bullied
Drowns after being pushed in a river and not knowing how to swim
What does the term 'break of chain of causation' refer to in legal context?
Intervening act responsible for consequence
Accused's conduct
Victim's reasonable conduct
Third party's reasonable conduct
When you have a legal responsibility that is called
liability
tort
settlement
defamation
Legal responsibility for harm defines what term?
Remedy
Libel
Judgment
Liability
What is the significance of the break of chain of causation in legal terms?
It determines liability
It affects the outcome of a case
It is irrelevant in court
It only applies to criminal cases
What is the percentage increase in the Crime Index?
1.0%
2.0%
3.2%
4.5%
