Emergency aid and assistance

Long-term recovery planning

Infrastructure development

Public awareness campaigns

Focus on immediate evacuation and rescue operations.

Focus on rebuilding and restoring normal life, repairing buildings and transport links, and reducing future damage.

Focus on providing temporary shelters and food supplies.

Focus on assessing the damage and conducting research on tectonic activity.

Air rises at the equator, creating low pressure and rainfall.

Air descends at the poles, creating high pressure and dry conditions.

Air rises at 30°, creating low pressure and rainfall.

Air cools and falls at the equator, creating high pressure and dry conditions.

More frequent and intense storms, sea level rise, and more destructive flooding due to warmer air holding more moisture.

Decrease in storm frequency and intensity due to cooler ocean temperatures.

No significant impact on tropical storms as climate change is a myth.

Increased storm frequency but less intensity due to climate stabilization.

5-10km thick

10-15km thick

15-20km thick

20-25km thick

Descending air leads to low pressure and rain.

Rising air results in high pressure and no clouds.

Descending air results in high pressure and no clouds and rain.

Rising air leads to low pressure and clear skies.

Rescue efforts were enhanced by the availability of tools

130,000 families housed in emergency shelters

All injured were treated immediately

Charities provided aid without any delays

At subduction zones, older denser plates sink into the mantle – pulling newer/less dense bits of plate with it.

At divergent boundaries, plates move apart, creating new crust.

At transform boundaries, plates slide past each other without creating or destroying crust.

At all plate boundaries, plates are constantly moving in the same direction.

Crust: Thinnest outermost layer.

Mantle: Thickest layer (approx. 2,900km).

Core: Inner core is solid; outer core is liquid.

Atmosphere: The layer of gases surrounding the Earth.

Flooding triggered landslides

5.6 million jobs created

Outbreaks of disease, e.g., cholera

5.6 million jobs lost

600 homes flooded

£80 million damage

11,500 hectares flooded

Average rainfall increased by 20%

Using super-computers to predict where the storm will hit using a track cone.

Relying solely on satellite imagery to track storms.

Using historical data without any computer assistance.

Waiting for local news reports to provide updates.

Using historical evidence and live data to estimate when hazards might occur, especially after recent activity.

Relying solely on geological surveys to predict future tectonic events.

Analyzing satellite images to determine tectonic plate movements.

Conducting interviews with local residents about past earthquakes.

Using scientific equipment to detect warning signs like temperature changes and bulges in the volcano dome.

Relying on historical data to predict future eruptions.

Observing animal behavior for signs of volcanic activity.

Conducting surveys of local populations for anecdotal evidence.

Building homes on stilts to protect from flooding

Using solar panels to generate electricity

Installing air conditioning units

Painting houses bright colors to reflect sunlight

Loss of life, buildings destroyed, and infrastructure damaged

Increased agricultural productivity and crop yields

Enhanced tourism and economic growth

Improved air quality and environmental conditions

When plates move apart, magma rises to the surface and cools to form new land, e.g., a mid-ocean ridge, which can cause volcanoes and earthquakes.

When plates collide, one plate is forced under another, leading to mountain formation and earthquakes.

When plates slide past each other, causing friction and earthquakes, but no new land is formed.

When plates are stationary, leading to the formation of sedimentary basins and no volcanic activity.

Outbreaks of diseases, increased tourism, and tsunamis

Increased agricultural production and improved infrastructure

Reduction in natural disasters and economic growth

Enhanced biodiversity and climate stability

9000 deaths, 22,000 injured

5 million deaths, 10,000 injured

1 billion damage, 100,000 buildings damaged

2 million without clean water, 500,000 buildings damaged