Thomas Aquinas, the most famous scholastic scholar of all time, had recently woven together ____ ____ with Christian teaching, creating a framework that appeared to explain everything from the movements of the stars to the purpose of human existence. (around 2:30)

Recent archaeological evidence has traced the origins of the Black Death to the Tian Shan Mountains in the modern day country of _______, Here, ancient plague genomes revealed the birthplace of humanity's most devastating pandemic. (around 3:20)

The plague's journey westward followed the same routes that had enriched civilizations for centuries, what we now call the ____ ____ (around 4:30)

The great trading city of _____, modern day Theodosia in Crimea, became ground zero for Europe's encounter with the plague as it was besieged by Mongol forces in 1346 C.E. (around 6:15)

_____ merchants in Caffa, witnessing the city's rapid descent into chaos, loaded their ships with whatever goods they could salvage and fled westward across the Black Sea, carrying with them invisible passengers that would transform the medieval world. (around 6:30)

Twelve trading ships inflected with the plague arrived in a harbor of _____ in 1347 C.E. Due to the condition of the sailors on board of these ships, most of whom were already dead, the ships were immediately ordered to leave. But, it was already too late. The plague found a foothold in Europe. (around 7:20)

By 1348, the plague had reached the bustling ports of Genoa and ____, the commercial hearts of medieval Europe. From there, it advanced along the ancient Roman roads, up river valleys, and across mountain passes transforming every pathway of human connection into a corridor of death. (around 8:40)

At least ____ of Europe's population died between 1347 to 1352, though most recent scholarship suggests the toll may have been even higher. (around 9:20)

The plague manifested itself in three distinct forms, each more terrifying than the next. The _____ plague was the most common form. It indicated itself through the appearance of swollen lymph nodes that could grow to the size of oranges., typically in the groin, armpits, and the neck. (around 14:20)

______ plague attacked the lungs directly, causing victims to cough up blood and die within hours of showing symptoms. This form spread quickly from person to person through respiratory droplets. (around 14:20)

Most feared of all was the _____ plague, where bacteria entered the bloodstream directly. Victims of this form often died quickly, sometimes within hours of showing a few symptoms beyond the characteristic blackening of the extremities. (around 15)

Many concluded that plague was God's punishment for humanity's corruption. _____ movements swept across Europe with bands of participants traveling from town to town, whipping themselves bloody and calling on universal repentance. These well intentioned gatherings became super spreader events that carried the plague to previously unaffected communities. (around 17:20)

Rumors spread that ____ (capitalize) had poisoned wells or made pacts with the devil to destroy Christendom. Entire communities were burned alive in Germany and France, their property seized by local authorities. (around 18 minutes)

The plague began to recede in the 1350s as a result of having killed so many of its hosts. The Europe that emerged was fundamentally changed. _____ suddenly became scarce after centuries of abundance; commanding unprecedented value. Surviving peasants found themselves in a position to negotiate with their lords. (around 22 minutes)

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