WorksheetsDocument 1: so def.pdf
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 55mins
The advantage of a rich mixture is:
The thermal load of the engine is increased and knocking can be reduced.
The thermal load of the engine is reduced and occurrence of knocking can be reduced.
More thrust, but the disadvantage is higher thermal load
The function of a fusible plug is to:
act as a special circuit breaker in the electrical system.
protect against excessive pressure in the pneumatic system.
protect the tyre against explosion due to excessive temperature.
protect the brake against brake disk fusion due to excessive temperature.
On most large aeroplanes, the cabin pressure is controlled by regulating the:
RPM of the engine.
airflow leaving the cabin.
bleed air valve.
airflow entering the cabin.
An EGT (Exhaust Gas Temperature) indicator for a piston engine is used to:
assist the pilot to set the correct mixture.
control the fuel temperature.
Generally, for large aeroplanes, electrical heating for ice protection is used on:
fin leading edges.
pilot tubes.
elevator leading edges.
slat leading edges.
Which has the effect of increasing load factor? (all other relevant factors being constant)
Vertical gusts.
Rearward CG location.
Increased air density.
Increased aeroplane mass.
For a subsonic airflow, air passing through a divergent duct:
decreases in pressure and velocity.
increases in pressure and velocity.
decreases in velocity and increases in pressure.
increases in velocity and decreases in pressure.
In the absence of position and instrument errors, CAS is equal to:
EAS.
IAS.
IAS and EAS.
TAS.
A pressurised aeroplane is operated at FL 300. It undergoes a rapid decompression so that the pressure in the cabin goes quickly down to the outside pressure value. What happens concerning the oxygen system?
manual override of the automatic presentation of passenger oxygen masks is, generally speaking, not possible
the oxygen masks are automatically presented to flight crew members
if the automatic mask presentation has been activated, the oxygen will flow within the first 3 minutes
the oxygen masks are automatically presented to cabin crew members and passengers
Complete the sentence. The primary function of engine oil is to act as ...
a. a coolant
b. an indicator of the internal condition of the engine
c. a lubricant
d. a cleansing agent
e. a fire retardant
The cross-feed fuel system can be used to:
feed any engine from any fuel tank.
dump the unusable fuel.
adjust fuel distribution
to transfer fuel from one tank to another located in the same wing
Which statement is correct? I. The angle of attack of a positively cambered aerofoil has a negative value when the lift coefficient equals zero. II. There is a nose down pitching moment about a positively cambered aerofoil when the lift coefficient equals zero.
I is correct and II is incorrect.
I is correct and II is correct.
I is incorrect and II is incorrect.
I is incorrect and II is correct.
Detonation can be recognised by:
A loss of power and premature ignition of the mixture.
A loss of power and on some smaller engines a disconcerting thump.
A loss of power and sparks out the exhaust.
Which statement is correct for a gas turbine engine with a constant speed propeller and free power turbine, when the power setting is increased?
I is incorrect, II is incorrect.
I is incorrect, II is correct.
I is correct, II is incorrect.
I is correct, II is correct.
In order to maintain constant speed during a level, co-ordinated turn, compared with straight and level flight, the pilot must:
increase angle of attack and keep thrust/power unchanged.
increase thrust/power and keep angle of attack unchanged.
increase thrust/power and angle of attack.
increase thrust/power and decrease angle of attack.
Refer to the graph above. Assuming zero thrust, the point on the diagram corresponding to the minimum glide angle is:
point 1.
point 2.
point 3.
point 4.
Compressor stall occurs when:
When the angle of attack of the early compressor stages becomes too great.
When the angle of attack of the wings exceed 14 degrees.
When the angle of attack of the inlet exceeds the design limits.
The reason for using inverters in an electrical system is:
to change AC into DC.
to change the DC voltage.
to avoid a short circuit.
to change DC into AC.
Which part of the aeroplane has the largest effect on induced drag?
Wing tip.
Wing root junction.
Landing gear.
Engine cowling.
The fan of a turbo-fan engine is driven by:
the LP turbine.
the HP turbine.
airflow drawn across it by the HP compressor.
the HP compressor through reduction gearing.
A passenger oxygen mask is:
a. a continuous flow mask and must be used if there is smoke in the cabin.
b. an on demand type mask and in principle should not be used if there is smoke in the cabin.
c. an on demand type mask and must be used if there is smoke in the cabin.
d. a continuous flow mask and in principle should not be used if there is smoke in the cabin.
The main purpose of a turbocharger is to:
provide a richer mixture at higher altitudes.
provide a leaner mixture at sea level.
maintain power with increasing altitude.
reduce the fuel flow.
In a turn, the lift required is:
greater than in straight and level flight, because it must balance the weight and generate the centripetal force.
equal to the aeroplane weight.
greater than in straight and level flight because it must balance the centripetal force.
greater than in straight and level flight, because it must generate the centrifugal force.
A capacitor in parallel with breaker points:
prevents arcing across the breaker points.
permits arcing across the breaker points.
induces a very high current across the primary windings.
induces a very high current across the secondary windings.
Compared with the clean configuration, the angle of attack at CLMAX with trailing edge flaps extended is:
unchanged.
larger.
smaller or larger depending on the degree of flap extension.
smaller.
Viscous hydroplaning occurs primarily if the runway is covered with a thin film of water and:
the runway has a rough surface.
the tyre treads show minor cuts.
the runway is very smooth and dirty.
the runway is very smooth and clean.
In case of landing on a flooded runway and in heavy rain:
2, 3, 4
3, 5
1, 4, 5, 6
1, 2, 4
For an aeroplane with a tyre pressure of 10 bar, there is a risk of dynamic hydroplaning as soon as the:
Runway temperature is greater than 40°c.
Water depth is equal to the half of the depth of the tyre grooves.
Speed is greater than 108 kt.
Speed is greater than 96 kt.
In order to get the optimum efficiency of a piston engine, the positions of the intake and exhaust valve just after the power stroke are:
exhaust valve closed and intake valve open.
intake valve closed and exhaust valve open.
both valves closed.
both valves open.
Vibration sensors are used in a gas turbine engine to indicate:
imbalance of one or both of the spools.
bearing problems only.
that there is too much free movement of the engine strut (pylon).
that tip clearance of turbine blades has decreased below a minimum value.
Which of the following statements is correct about the flow in a divergent (subsonic) gas turbine engine intake?
I is incorrect, II is correct.
I is incorrect, II is incorrect.
I is correct, II is incorrect.
I is correct, II is correct.
True Air Speed (TAS) is:
Indicated Air Speed (IAS) corrected for compressibility and density errors only.
Calibrated Air Speed (CAS) corrected for instrument, compressibility and density errors.
Indicated Air Speed (IAS) corrected for instrument, position, compressibility and density errors.
Calibrated Air Speed (CAS) corrected for instrument, position, compressibility and density errors.
Upon extension of Fowler flaps whilst maintaining the same angle of attack:
CL increases, while CD remains unaffected.
CD decreases, while the centre of lift shifts aft.
CL decreases, while the centre of lift shifts forward.
CL and CD increase.
A fan stage of a ducted-fan turbine engine is driven by:
the low pressure turbine.
airflow drawn across it by the high pressure compressor.
the high pressure turbine.
the high pressure compressor through reduction gearing.
Brake horsepower is defined as:
The power developed in the combustion chamber.
The power lost due to friction and engine driven components.
The power actually available at the engine output shaft.
If the ground wire between the magnetos and the ignition switch becomes disconnected the most noticeable result will be that:
the power developed by the engine will be greatly reduced.
the engine cannot be started with the ignition switch in the ON position.
a still operating engine will run down.
Which of the following variables are required to calculate lift from the lift formula?
Square root of wing area, density and wing loading.
Angle of attack, aspect ratio and dynamic pressure.
Total pressure and wing area only.
Dynamic pressure, lift coefficient and wing area.
Turbine blade stages may be classed as either impulse or reaction. In an impulse turbine stage:
the pressure rises across the stator blades and remains constant across the rotor blades.
the pressure drops across the stator blades and remains constant across the rotor blades.
the pressure remains constant across stator blades and rises across the rotor blades.
the pressure remains constant across the stator blades and drops across the rotor blades.
A relay is:
a device that is used to increase electrical power.
a magnetically operated switch.
another name for a solenoid valve.
a unit that is used to convert electrical energy to heat energy.
Windshear may be described as a change in wind direction and/or speed in space, including updraughts and downdraughts. To counter the effects of windshear the amount of control action that is required is:
null
substantial
small
medium
The main purpose of the mixture control is to:
decrease the oxygen supplied to the engine.
adjust the fuel flow to obtain the correct fuel/air ratio.
increase the oxygen supplied to the engine.
decrease the air supplied to the engine.
Which three aerodynamic means decrease manoeuvring stick forces?
Servo tab - trim tab - balance tab.
Servo tab - horn balance - spring tab.
Spring tab - horn balance - bobweight.
Spring tab - trim tab - mass balancing weight.
Regarding a jet engine: I. The maximum thrust increases as the pressure altitude decreases. II. The specific fuel consumption increases slightly as the pressure altitude decreases at constant TAS.
I is incorrect, II is incorrect.
I is incorrect, II is correct.
I is correct, II is correct.
A twin-spool engine with an inlet air mass flow of 500 kg/s and a HP compressor mass flow of 250 kg/s has a bypass ratio of:
3
1
0
2
Select the correct option:
The laws of Newton does not have a fundamental influence on all aspects of Helicopter flight.
The inertia of a body is directly proportional to its acceleration.
One force is not always equally opposed by another.
The crank assembly of a piston engine comprises the:
crankshaft, camshaft, valves, valve springs and push rods.
crankcase, crankshaft, connecting rods and pistons.
propeller, crankshaft, pistons and connecting rods.
crankshaft, connecting rods and pistons.
In the stator of a turbine, the gas velocity V and static pressure p vary as follows:
V increases, p increases.
V decreases, p increases.
The continuity equation states: If the area of a tube is increasing, the speed of the subsonic and incompressible flow inside is:
increasing.
sonic.
decreasing.
not changing.
The value of the parasite drag in straight and level flight at constant weight varies linearly with the:
angle of attack.
square of the angle of attack.
speed.
square of the speed.
In a straight steady descent, which of the following statements is correct?
Lift is less than weight, load factor is less than 1.
Lift is less than weight, load factor is equal to 1.
Lift is equal to weight, load factor is less than 1.
Lift is equal to weight, load factor is equal to 1.
Batteries mainly used in aircraft would be:
Either Nickel-Cadmium or Potassium Hydroxide.
Either Nickel-Cadmium or Primary cell.
Either lead-acid or Nickel-Cadmium.
The pressurising function of the pressurising and dump valve in a gas turbine engine fuel system is:
to admit fuel to the nozzles only if the fuel pressure is high enough for sufficient atomisation.
to admit oil to the fuel-oil heat exchanger preventing ice crystals blocking the fuel lines.
to prevent overpressure at the fuel nozzles.
to prevent fuel leakage in the combustion chamber after engine shutdown.
Fill in the missing word and complete the sentence. The resistance of most materials ______ an increase in temperature.
is unaffected by
increases with
decreases with
One of the advantages of annular combustion chamber over a multiple can is that:
engine length is shorter because no diffuser is required.
assembly and disassembly is easier.
the thermal load distribution on the HP turbine is more favourable.
only one igniter is required.
Which statement is correct? I. The freezing point for Jet A is at a lower temperature than that for Jet B. II. The flash point for Jet A is at a higher temperature than that for Jet B.
On a wing fitted with a Fowler type trailing edge flap, the Full extended position will produce:
an unaffected wing area and increase in camber.
an increase in wing area and camber.
an increase in wing area only.
an unaffected CD, at a given angle of attack.
A twin-spool engine with an inlet air mass flow of 500 kg/s and a HP compressor mass flow of 250 kg/s has a bypass ratio of:
3
1
0
2
In the stator of a turbine, the gas velocity V and static pressure p vary as follows:
V increases, p increases.
V decreases, p increases.
Which one of the following statements about the lift-to-drag ratio in straight and level flight is correct?
At the highest value of the lift/drag ratio the total drag is lowest.
The lift/drag ratio always increases as the lift decreases.
The highest value of the lift/drag ratio is reached when the lift is equal to the aeroplane weight.
The highest value of the lift/drag ratio is reached when the lift is zero.
Creep of turbine blades is caused by:
prolonged idling at low rpm.
static imbalance of the blades.
bending stresses set up by gas pressure.
high blade temperature whilst under centrifugal loading.
Aeroplane wake turbulence during take off starts when:
out of ground effect.
the nose wheel lifts off the runway.
the take off roll commences.
slats and flaps are extended only.
Select the most correct answer from the list. Aircraft fuel tanks should be checked for water...
Regarding a jet engine: I. The maximum thrust remains constant as the pressure altitude increases. II. The specific fuel consumption increases slightly as the pressure altitude increases at constant TAS.
a. I is correct, II is correct.
b. I is incorrect, II is incorrect.
c. I is incorrect, II is correct.
d. I is correct, II is incorrect.
The wing ice protection system currently used on most large jet transport aeroplanes is a(n):
pneumatic system with inflatable boots.
electrical de-icing system.
liquid de-icing system.
hot air system.
An aircraft flying in conditions of continuous heavy rain and high ambient temperatures may require the precautionary use of:
both engine intake anti-icing and airframe de-icing.
engine intake anti-icing only.
engine igniters.
airframe de-icing only.
11. The relationship between induced drag and the aspect ratio is:
Induced drag decreases as aspect ratio increases
Induced drag increases as aspect ratio increases
Induced drag is independent of aspect ratio
Induced drag and aspect ratio are unrelated
Regarding fire detection, ion detectors are used to detect:
fire.
overtemperature and fire.
overtemperature.
smoke.
When altitude increases, in a normally aspirated piston engine, mixture must be adjusted because there is:
a. a decrease of air density resulting in too lean a mixture.
b. a decrease in air density resulting in too rich a mixture.
c. an increase of air density resulting in too rich a mixture.
d. an increase of air density resulting in too lean a mixture.
One of the advantages of annular combustion chamber over a multiple can is that:
the thermal load distribution on the HP turbine is more favourable.
assembly and disassembly is easier.
engine length is shorter because no diffuser is required.
only one igniter is required.
To achieve reverse thrust on a turbine engine with a high by-pass ratio, it is necessary to:
reverse the direction of rotation of the fan.
deflect the fan thrust.
reduce the flow of hot stream air.
stop the fan.
For an aeroplane with a tyre pressure of 10 bar, there is a risk of dynamic hydroplaning as soon as the:
Speed is greater than 108 kt.
Water depth is equal to the half of the depth of the tyre grooves.
Runway temperature is greater than 40°c.
Speed is greater than 96 kt.
"Contaminated runway" means-
A runway of which more than 25 percent of the runway surface area within the required length and width being used is covered with surface water more than three millimetres deep, slush or loose snow equivalent to more than three millimetres of water, snow which has been compressed into a solid mass which resists further compression and will hold together or break into lumps if picked up or ice, including wet ice
A runway of which 100 percent of the runway surface area within the required length and width being used is covered with surface water, slush, loose snow, or snow which has been compressed into a solid mass which resists further compression and will hold together or break into lumps if picked up or ice, including wet ice
A runway of which more than 50 percent of the runway surface area within the required length and width being used is covered with surface water more than five millimetres deep, slush or loose snow equivalent to more than five millimetres of water, snow which has been compressed into a solid mass which resists further compression and will hold together or break into lumps if picked up or ice, including wet ice.
(Correct answer)
b
c
If plotted against airspeed, parasite drag:
Starts at the best rate of climb airspeed.
Starts at the best angle of climb airspeed.
Is considered to be nil at zero airspeed.
What is the effect of high aspect ratio of an aeroplane's wing on induced drag?
It is unaffected because there is no relation between aspect ratio and induced drag.
It is increased because high aspect ratio produces greater downwash.
It is increased because high aspect ratio has greater frontal area.
It is reduced because the effect of wing-tip vortices is reduced.
Generators, when connected to the same bus bar, are usually connected:
dependent on the type of generator.
dependent on the type of engine.
in series mode.
in parallel mode.
Fuel/air ratio is the ratio between the:
mass of fuel and mass of air entering the cylinder.
volume of fuel and volume of air entering the cylinder.
mass of fuel and mass of air entering the carburettor.
volume of fuel and volume of air entering the carburettor.
A substance which may never be used in the vicinity or on parts of an oxygen installation is:
Nitrogen
Halon
Water
Grease
When trailing edge flaps are extended in level flight, the change in pitching moment, ignoring any effects on the tailplane, will be:
nose down.
dependent on CG location.
zero.
nose up.
Ignition occurs in each cylinder of a four stroke engine (TDC = Top Dead Centre):
before TDC at each crankshaft revolution.
behind TDC at each crankshaft revolution.
behind TDC at each second crankshaft revolution.
before TDC at each second crankshaft revolution.
An aeroplane performs a steady co-ordinated horizontal turn with 20 degrees of bank and at 150 kt TAS. The same aeroplane with the same bank angle and speed, but at a lower mass will turn with:
the same turn radius.
a higher turn rate.
a larger turn radius.
a smaller turn radius.
With regard to gear pumps:
Gear pumps are driven by oil suction
Pressure and scavenge pumps can be combined
Pressure and scavenge pumps cannot be combined
The correct statement concerning extinguishing agents onboard aircraft is:
Carbon dioxide is only used in the cargo hold.
A powder extinguisher is suitable for extinguishing a cockpit fire.
Halon is an effective extinguishing agent for use in aircraft.
Water may only be used for minor fires.
Low electrical power that cannot bring the engine up to the self-sustaining speed quickly enough will most likely to result in a:
Wet start
Fire
Hot start
Hung start
The static thrust of a turbo-jet, at the selection of full power:
equals the product of the exhaust gas mass flow and the exhaust gas velocity
is obtained by pressure of the exhaust gas on the ambient air
produces zero mechanical power since the aeroplane is not moving
is independent of the outside air temperature
Once the engine has started, ignition systems of piston engines are:
dependent on the battery.
dependent on the DC-Generator.
dependent on the AC-Generator.
independent of the electrical system of the aircraft.
The cylinder head temperature probe is normally fitted:
To the left hand front cylinder.
To the most convenient to reach cylinder.
To the hottest cylinder head
Pre-ignition refers to the condition that may arise when:
the air-fuel mixture ignites before the spark plug fires
the spark plug fires before the piston reaches TDC
the engine runs at lower than normal temperature
the exhaust valve opens too early
Which of the following statements is correct?
the mixture is ignited before the piston has reached top dead centre.
the mixture is ignited by abnormal conditions within the cylinder before the spark occurs at the plug.
the sparking plug ignites the mixture too early.
a rich mixture is ignited by the sparking plugs.
The fuel cross-feed system enables:
the supply of any engine from any fuel tank.
the transfer of fuel only from the centre tank to the wing tanks.
the supply of the outboard engines from any outboard fuel tank.
the supply of the engines mounted on a wing from any fuel tank within that wing.
A capacitor is often considered:
A device to convert AC current to DC current.
An energy storage device.
A self-starter.
One of the advantages of multiple-spool jet engine designs is that:
engine length can be reduced.
a smaller air starter driving only a single spool can be used.
if one spool seizes, the remaining spool(s) will continue to operate normally.
a compressor stall cannot occur under any condition.
The test to assess the state of charge of a lead-acid battery is to:
compare the on-load and off-load battery voltages.
check the battery voltage off-load.
check the level of the electrolyte.
check the discharge current of the battery on-load.
Equivalent Air Speed (EAS) is:
Calibrated Air Speed (CAS) corrected for compressibility error.
True Air Speed (TAS) corrected for compressibility and density errors.
Calibrated Air Speed (CAS) corrected for density error.
True Air Speed (TAS) corrected for compressibility error.
Which of the following parameters remains constant in a divergent (subsonic) gas turbine engine intake?
Static temperature.
Static pressure.
Dynamic pressure.
Total temperature.
Static pressure acts:
only in the direction of the total pressure.
only in the direction of the flow.
in all directions.
only perpendicular to the direction of the flow.
The maximum ground distance during a glide with zero thrust decreases:
with a decrease in aeroplane mass in zero wind.
in a headwind at a constant aeroplane mass compared with zero wind.
in a tailwind with constant aeroplane mass compared with zero wind.
with an increase in aeroplane mass in zero wind.
An aeroplane has a stall speed of 78 kt at its mass of 6850 kg. What is the stall speed when the mass is 5000 kg?
67 kt.
78 kt.
57 kt.
91 kt.
Stroke is defined as:
The distance between the Top Dead Centre and the Bottom Dead Centre.
The position of the cylinder after the induction stroke.
The cylinder volume contained between the top of the cylinder and the piston crown.
In jet aeroplanes the 'thermal anti-ice system' is primarily supplied by
turbo compressors.
bleed air from the engines.
the APU.
ram air, heated via a heat exchanger.
