WorksheetsPharmacology Quiz on Antihypertensive Drugs
Total questions: 91
Worksheet time: 46mins
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Lisinopril?
Blocks Angiotensin II receptor leading to vasodilation
Inhibits ACE, leading to decreased Angiotensin II and aldosterone
Non-selective β and α1 blocker
β1-selective blocker
Which of the following is an adverse effect of Losartan?
Bradycardia
Hyperkalemia
Bronchospasm
Eye irritation
What is the mnemonic associated with Lisinopril to remember its indication?
"PRIL = Pressure Relief In Lungs"
"SaRans = Angiotensin Receptor block"
"Carves down HR & BP"
"Timolol TIMEs down eye pressure"
Which drug is a β1-selective blocker used for hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias?
Carvedilol
Atenolol
Propranolol
Timolol
What is a key nursing consideration for patients taking Propranolol?
Monitor BP, potassium, and renal function
Avoid asthma/COPD; monitor HR and BP; taper gradually
Teach punctal occlusion; monitor cardiac patients
Monitor blood glucose; taper slowly
Which of the following drugs is used as an eye drop for glaucoma and ocular hypertension?
Carvedilol
Atenolol
Timolol
Propranolol
What is the adverse effect of Carvedilol that requires monitoring of heart rate and blood pressure?
Hyperkalemia
Bradycardia
Eye irritation
Angioedema
What is the mnemonic for Losartan to remember its mechanism of action?
"PRIL = Pressure Relief In Lungs"
"SaRans = Angiotensin Receptor block"
"Carves down HR & BP"
"Timolol TIMEs down eye pressure"
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Amlodipine?
Non-DHP CCB → ↓ HR, AV conduction, vasodilation
Dihydropyridine CCB → vasodilation
Blocks Na+/Cl- reabsorption in distal tubule
Loop diuretic → inhibits Na/K/Cl reabsorption
Which of the following is an adverse effect of Diltiazem?
Peripheral edema, flushing, hypotension
Bradycardia, AV block, edema, constipation
Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, dehydration
Ototoxicity, dehydration, hypotension
What is the mnemonic associated with Verapamil?
"AmLOWdipine = LOWers BP"
"Diltiazem DILates & slows heart"
"Verapamil VERY constipating"
"Loops Lose everything (water + K+)"
Which drug is indicated for mild edema and hypertension (HTN) and works by blocking Na+/Cl- reabsorption in the distal tubule?
Amlodipine
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Furosemide
Diltiazem
What is a key nursing consideration for Furosemide?
Monitor BP, watch for swelling, avoid grapefruit juice
Monitor HR, BP, ECG; avoid in severe HF
Monitor electrolytes, BP, I&O; give in AM
Monitor BP, electrolytes, glucose; give in AM
What is the mnemonic for Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)?
"Loops Lose everything (water + K+)"
"AmLOWdipine = LOWers BP"
"THIAZide = sHY K+"
"Diltiazem DILates & slows heart"
Which of the following drugs is a loop diuretic that inhibits Na/K/Cl reabsorption?
Amlodipine
Diltiazem
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Furosemide
What is the primary indication for Verapamil?
HTN, angina, arrhythmias
Edema (HF, renal, hepatic), HTN
HTN, mild edema
HTN, angina, AFib/flutter
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Spironolactone?
K⁺-sparing aldosterone antagonist
PDE-5 inhibitor → ↑ cGMP → smooth muscle relaxation
Direct arterial vasodilator
Vasodilator → releases nitric oxide → venodilation
Which of the following is an adverse effect of Spironolactone?
Cyanide toxicity
Hyperkalemia
Reflex tachycardia
Vision changes
What is the mnemonic associated with Nitroglycerin?
"HYDRAlazine = HYDRates arteries open"
"SILly DENtist can’t give NITRO"
"NiTRo = Nitro Tablet Relieves chest pain"
"NitroPRUSS = PRessure Ultra Short acting"
Which drug is used for hypertensive crisis and acute heart failure (HF)?
Sildenafil
Hydralazine
Nitroprusside
Nitroglycerin
What is a key nursing consideration for Nitroprusside?
Monitor BP; keep in dark container
IV only; continuous BP monitoring; protect from light
Contraindicated with nitrates; monitor BP
Monitor K⁺, renal function; avoid high K⁺ foods
Which drug is contraindicated with nitrates and requires monitoring of blood pressure?
Hydralazine
Sildenafil
Spironolactone
Nitroprusside
What is the indication for Hydralazine?
Erectile dysfunction (ED)
Hypertensive crisis
HTN, HF (Black patients with nitrates)
Angina, acute coronary syndrome
What is the adverse effect of Sildenafil?
Cyanide toxicity
Lupus-like syndrome
Vision changes
Reflex tachycardia
Which drug has the mnemonic "NitroPRUSS = PRessure Ultra Short acting"?
Nitroglycerin
Nitroprusside
Hydralazine
Sildenafil
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Hydralazine?
PDE-5 inhibitor → ↑ cGMP → smooth muscle relaxation
Direct arterial vasodilator
Vasodilator → releases nitric oxide → venodilation
K⁺-sparing aldosterone antagonist
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Atorvastatin?
Binds bile acids to increase excretion
Activates PPAR-α to increase lipolysis
Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase to decrease cholesterol synthesis
Inhibits absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine brush border
Which of the following is an adverse effect of Cholestyramine?
Hepatotoxicity
Constipation
Myalgia
Gallstones
What is the mnemonic associated with Ezetimibe?
"STATIN = Stops Triglycerides And Total cholesterol In Night"
"Chole = CHOLEsterol catcher, Clogs GI"
"ZEE = Easy block of cholesterol Entry"
"FENo-Fat = Finishes Extra triglycerides Now"
Which lipid-lowering agent is used as an adjunct to diet and exercise for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?
Atorvastatin
Cholestyramine
Ezetimibe
Fenofibrate
What is the primary indication for Fenofibrate?
Hyperlipidemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
Primary hypercholesterolemia
Prevention of cardiovascular disease
Which of the following nursing considerations is associated with Cholestyramine?
Monitor LFTs and CK; take at night; avoid grapefruit
Mix with fluids; monitor GI effects; watch for fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies
May be combined with statins; avoid in pregnancy/lactation
Take with meals to improve absorption
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Fenofibrate?
Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase to decrease cholesterol synthesis
Activates PPAR-α to increase lipolysis and decrease triglycerides
Binds bile acids to increase excretion
Inhibits absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine brush border
Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with Ezetimibe?
Hepatotoxicity
Myalgia
GI upset
Constipation
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Niacin (Vitamin B3)?
Inhibits lipolysis, decreases triglycerides (TG), and increases HDL.
Blocks ADP receptors on platelets to prevent platelet aggregation.
Activates antithrombin III to inhibit thrombin and factor Xa.
Potentiates antithrombin and preferentially inhibits factor Xa.
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of Niacin (Vitamin B3)?
GI bleeding and ulcers.
Flushing, pruritus, and hyperuricemia.
Bleeding and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).
Bleeding and lower risk of HIT.
What is the mnemonic associated with Niacin (Vitamin B3)?
ASA = Anti-Stickin’
CLOPs platelets’ ADP
Niacin = Nice HDL but causes Flush & Sugar/Uric rise
HEP = Helps End Proteases
Which antiplatelet drug irreversibly inhibits COX-1/2, leading to decreased TXA2?
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Heparin
Enoxaparin
What is the primary indication for Clopidogrel?
DVT prophylaxis after surgery.
Prevents stroke, MI, and stent thrombosis.
MI and stroke prevention, post-PCI therapy.
Bridging to warfarin in DVT/PE.
What is the mnemonic for Clopidogrel?
ASA = Anti-Stickin’
CLOPs platelets’ ADP
HEP = Helps End Proteases
eNOX = NO Xa
Which anticoagulant activates antithrombin III to inhibit thrombin and factor Xa?
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Heparin
Enoxaparin
What is the primary indication for Enoxaparin (LMWH)?
MI and stroke prevention, post-PCI therapy.
Prevents stroke, MI, and stent thrombosis.
DVT prophylaxis after surgery, PE, and MI.
Bridging to warfarin in DVT/PE.
What is the mnemonic for Enoxaparin (LMWH)?
ASA = Anti-Stickin’
CLOPs platelets’ ADP
HEP = Helps End Proteases
eNOX = NO Xa
What is the mechanism of action of Warfarin as an anticoagulant?
Converts plasminogen to plasmin
Inhibits Vitamin K epoxide reductase, reducing factors II, VII, IX, X
Binds heparin to neutralize its effects
Replenishes Vitamin K to restore clotting factors
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of Alteplase (tPA)?
Skin necrosis
Severe bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage
Anaphylaxis
Thrombosis
What is the primary use of Protamine sulfate?
Warfarin reversal
Heparin overdose
Rapid reversal of warfarin
Thrombocytopenia treatment
Which antidote is used for rapid reversal of Warfarin in cases of major bleeding or urgent surgery?
Vitamin K
Protamine sulfate
PCC (Kcentra)
Platelets
What is the primary indication for administering Platelets as a blood product?
Aspirin overdose or thrombocytopenia
Warfarin reversal
Heparin overdose
Ischemic stroke
What is the preferred route of administration for Vitamin K when used as a Warfarin antidote?
Intravenous (IV) rapid
Oral, preferred; IV slow
Subcutaneous injection
Intramuscular injection
What is the mnemonic associated with Alteplase (tPA) to help remember its key points?
WAR on Vit K
tPA = Tear Plugs Apart
PROtect vs heparin
PLTs Plug Little Tears
What is a potential complication of Platelet transfusion?
Skin necrosis
Transfusion reactions and alloimmunization
Intracranial hemorrhage
Bradycardia
What is the goal INR range for patients on Warfarin therapy?
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
Which of the following is a contraindication for Alteplase (tPA) therapy?
Ischemic stroke
Severe bleeding
Thrombocytopenia
Aspirin overdose
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Epoetin Alfa?
Provides elemental iron for hemoglobin synthesis
Stimulates bone marrow to produce RBCs by mimicking erythropoietin
Provides folate needed for DNA synthesis and cell division
Restores B12 needed for RBC production and myelin sheath integrity
Which of the following is an indication for the use of Ferrous Sulfate?
Anemia of CKD
Iron-deficiency anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Sickle cell disease
What is a potential adverse effect of Folic Acid supplementation when used alone?
Bone marrow suppression
Risk of thromboembolism
Can mask B12 deficiency
Hypokalemia
Which vitamin is used to treat pernicious anemia and B12 deficiency caused by malabsorption?
Folic Acid
Cyanocobalamin (B12)
Vitamin D
Ferrous Sulfate
What is the mnemonic for Hydroxyurea, and what does it signify?
EPO = Extra Production of RBCs
IRON = I Run O₂ Now
FOLate = Fetal fOLks
HYDROXY raises HbF
Which drug is associated with the adverse effect of bone marrow suppression, including neutropenia and thrombocytopenia?
Epoetin Alfa
Ferrous Sulfate
Hydroxyurea
Cyanocobalamin (B12)
What nursing consideration is important when administering Ferrous Sulfate?
Monitor Hgb/Hct, BP, and iron status
Give with Vitamin C to enhance absorption
Assess neuro function and monitor potassium levels
Monitor CBC and counsel on contraception
Which drug is indicated for the prevention of neural tube defects during pregnancy?
Epoetin Alfa
Ferrous Sulfate
Folic Acid
Cyanocobalamin (B12)
What is the primary indication for Hydroxyurea?
Chemo-induced anemia
Sickle cell disease and some leukemias
Iron-deficiency anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
What adverse effect is associated with Epoetin Alfa?
GI upset and dark stools
Risk of thromboembolism and pure red cell aplasia
Hypokalemia and injection site pain
Bone marrow suppression
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Oxymetazoline?
Alpha-adrenergic agonist causing vasoconstriction of nasal mucosa
Selective alpha-1 agonist causing vasoconstriction
H1 blocker reducing histamine effects
Glucocorticoid reducing airway inflammation
Which of the following is an adverse effect of Phenylephrine?
Oral candidiasis
Reflex bradycardia
Sedation
Epistaxis
What mnemonic is associated with Fluticasone?
OXY-meter tight nose
FINALLY breathe
FLUTe quiets the nose
Doze In Peace
Which drug is indicated for asthma maintenance and COPD (with LABA)?
Oxymetazoline
Budesonide
Diphenhydramine
Phenylephrine
What nursing consideration is important for Diphenhydramine?
Limit use to 3 days; monitor BP in HTN patients
Avoid in elderly; caution with glaucoma/urinary retention
Rinse mouth after inhaled use; not for acute attacks
Avoid in HTN, glaucoma; monitor BP & HR
Which of the following drugs has sedation as an adverse effect?
Fluticasone
Diphenhydramine
Budesonide
Phenylephrine
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Budesonide?
Alpha-adrenergic agonist causing vasoconstriction of nasal mucosa
Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) with anti-inflammatory properties
H1 blocker reducing histamine effects
Selective alpha-1 agonist causing vasoconstriction
Which drug is associated with the mnemonic "Doze In Peace"?
Oxymetazoline
Diphenhydramine
Budesonide
Phenylephrine
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Hydroxyzine?
H1 blocker
Dopamine antagonist
Expectorant
Breaks disulfide bonds in mucus
Which drug is used for vestibular suppression and motion sickness?
Hydroxyzine
Meclizine
Promethazine
Loratadine
What is a nursing consideration for Promethazine?
Avoid alcohol/CNS depressants
Caution in elderly, avoid alcohol
Avoid in children under 2 years; give IM (not IV)
Administer via nebulizer
Which of the following is a 2nd-generation H1 blocker that is non-sedating and safe for the elderly?
Hydroxyzine
Loratadine
Cetirizine
Promethazine
What is the mnemonic for Cetirizine?
HYDRate your itch
Motion Easily Controlled
Ce-TIRE-izine
PRO-ME nausea
Which drug is used to break disulfide bonds in mucus and treat acetaminophen overdose?
Guaifenesin
Acetylcysteine
Hydroxyzine
Meclizine
What is the primary indication for Guaifenesin?
Allergic rhinitis
Cough with thick mucus
Motion sickness
Acetaminophen overdose
What is a common adverse effect of Acetylcysteine?
Sedation
Bronchospasm
Blurred vision
EPS
Which drug has the mnemonic 'Breaks ACHE-y mucus'?
Guaifenesin
Acetylcysteine
Hydroxyzine
Cetirizine
What is the nursing consideration for Guaifenesin?
Avoid alcohol/CNS depressants
Encourage fluids; monitor cough
Administer via nebulizer
Avoid in children under 2 years
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Benzonatate?
NMDA antagonist, sigma-1 agonist
Anesthetizes stretch receptors in lungs
Opioid agonist
Blocks serotonin reuptake
Which antitussive drug is associated with the mnemonic 'DM = Don’t Mix'?
Benzonatate
Dextromethorphan
Hydrocodone
Codeine
What is a key nursing consideration for Hydrocodone?
Swallow whole; fatal if chewed in kids
Avoid with MAOIs/SSRIs
Monitor respiratory rate, constipation; risk of dependence
Avoid in children due to metabolism into morphine
Which antitussive drug is indicated for mild to moderate pain and cough?
Benzonatate
Dextromethorphan
Hydrocodone
Codeine
What adverse effects are associated with Dextromethorphan?
Numb mouth/throat, dizziness, sedation
Drowsiness, dizziness, abuse (hallucinations)
Sedation, respiratory depression, constipation
Respiratory depression, constipation, sedation
Which antitussive drug has the mnemonic 'BEE-z = no cough'?
Benzonatate
Dextromethorphan
Hydrocodone
Codeine
Why should Codeine be avoided in children?
It causes serotonin syndrome.
It is fatal if chewed.
It metabolizes into morphine.
It leads to hallucinations.
What is the primary indication for Dextromethorphan?
Pain relief
Nonproductive cough
Mild to moderate pain
Respiratory depression
Which antitussive drug is an opioid agonist used for pain and cough in combination therapy?
Benzonatate
Dextromethorphan
Hydrocodone
Codeine
What is a potential adverse effect of Benzonatate?
Respiratory depression
Numb mouth/throat
Hallucinations
Risk of dependence
