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Operating System Memory Management Worksheet

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 33mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A system runs multiple applications simultaneously, and the OS ensures they don’t overwrite each other’s data in RAM. What concept does this describe?

a)

Memory allocation

b)

Memory protection

c)

Paging

d)

Fragmentation

2.

An engineer designs an OS module that decides where in memory each process will run. What is this module’s role?

a)

Device driver

b)

Memory Management Unit

c)

File Manager

d)

I/O Controller

3.

If the OS cannot allocate enough memory to a running program, what could happen?

a)

The system automatically expands RAM

b)

The process crashes

c)

The OS ignores the request

d)

The process pauses until more CPU is available

4.

A developer notices that two programs modify the same memory address. Which OS feature failed?

a)

Virtual memory

b)

Memory protection

c)

Address translation

d)

Fragmentation control

5.

During multitasking, the OS ensures each program uses only its assigned memory area. What is being managed?

a)

Process scheduling

b)

Memory allocation

c)

File access

d)

Data encryption

6.

The OS assigns the first free partition large enough to fit a process. Which algorithm is used?

a)

Best Fit

b)

Worst Fit

c)

First Fit

d)

Random Fit

7.

A process needs 220 KB. The OS finds partitions of 100 KB, 250 KB, and 400 KB. Using First Fit, which will it choose?

a)

100 KB

b)

250 KB

c)

400 KB

d)

None

8.

Using Best Fit, which partition will be chosen for a 220 KB process?

a)

250 KB

b)

400 KB

c)

100 KB

d)

None

9.

If Worst Fit is used, which partition from (100 KB, 250 KB, 400 KB) is assigned to a 220 KB process?

a)

100 KB

b)

250 KB

c)

400 KB

d)

None

10.

Which allocation method is fastest but may lead to more fragmentation?

a)

Best Fit

b)

Worst Fit

c)

First Fit

d)

Dynamic Fit

11.

Internal fragmentation happens when:

a)

Memory is too small for a process

b)

Unused space exists inside allocated blocks

c)

Processes overlap memory areas

d)

The hard drive is fragmented

12.

External fragmentation occurs when:

a)

Large free memory is divided into small holes

b)

Process uses too much CPU

c)

Data is stored in the cache

d)

Page table overflows

13.

A system has several small free blocks that cannot fit any process. What is the issue?

a)

Paging

b)

Internal fragmentation

c)

External fragmentation

d)

Address translation error

14.

The Best Fit algorithm can minimize:

a)

Internal fragmentation

b)

External fragmentation

c)

Process starvation

d)

Disk thrashing

15.

The Worst Fit algorithm can lead to:

a)

Efficient memory use

b)

Large leftover blocks

c)

Reduced fragmentation

d)

Compact memory layout

16.

The MMU translates a virtual address into a physical address using:

a)

Page table

b)

Fragmentation table

c)

Memory map

d)

Cache buffer

17.

A student wonders how their program accesses memory not in RAM. The OS uses:

a)

Swapping

b)

Compiling

c)

Spooling

d)

Pipelining

18.

Virtual memory allows:

a)

Access to physical devices directly

b)

Programs to use more memory than physically installed

c)

CPU to execute faster

d)

Removal of RAM entirely

19.

When the OS temporarily moves inactive data from RAM to disk, it performs:

a)

Defragmentation

b)

Paging

c)

Compilation

d)

Multiplexing

20.

Virtual memory primarily helps to:

a)

Increase disk speed

b)

Allow multitasking with limited RAM

c)

Prevent malware

d)

Increase CPU clock rate

21.

You are the OS manager. Given memory partitions: 100 KB, 500 KB, 200 KB, 300 KB, 600 KB and a 417 KB process, where will First Fit place it?

a)

100 KB

b)

500 KB

c)

200 KB

d)

300 KB

22.

Using Best Fit, where will the 417 KB process go?

a)

500 KB

b)

600 KB

c)

300 KB

d)

200 KB

23.

Using Worst Fit, where will it go?

a)

100 KB

b)

500 KB

c)

600 KB

d)

300 KB

24.

After several processes finish, many small memory gaps appear. What must the OS perform to combine free spaces?

a)

Paging

b)

Compaction

c)

Caching

d)

Interrupt handling

25.

A program crashes when accessing restricted memory. Which feature prevents this normally?

a)

Memory protection

b)

Virtual memory

c)

Paging

d)

Segmentation

26.

Swapping allows:

a)

Disk storage to act as temporary memory

b)

CPU to allocate registers dynamically

c)

Processors to share cache

d)

Hardware to defragment disks

27.

The OS moves data between RAM and the hard disk during:

(a)  

28.

If RAM is full and new processes need space, the OS uses:

a)

Multiprocessing

b)

Virtual memory

c)

Booting

d)

ROM allocation

29.

A slow computer is constantly moving data between RAM and disk. This condition is known as:

a)

Swapping

b)

Thrashing

c)

Fragmentation

d)

Paging

30.

Virtual memory benefits multitasking because:

a)

It merges CPU cores

b)

It shares physical memory efficiently

c)

It reduces network traffic

d)

It eliminates disk I/O

31.

Which algorithm is most efficient if processes fit perfectly in smaller blocks?

a)

Best Fit

b)

Worst Fit

c)

First Fit

d)

Round Robin

32.

Which algorithm is most likely to leave large free holes unused?

a)

First Fit

b)

Worst Fit

c)

Best Fit

d)

Dynamic Fit

33.

If the OS allocates 450 KB to a process needing only 420 KB, what kind of fragmentation occurs?

a)

External

b)

Internal

c)

Logical

d)

Disk

34.

Which scenario shows external fragmentation?

a)

Many small free gaps totaling 2 MB but none big enough for a 1 MB process

b)

A 256 KB process gets a 512 KB block

35.

Which approach can reduce external fragmentation?

a)

Compaction

b)

Paging

c)

Swapping

d)

All of the above

36.

You are running five processes with fixed memory partitions. Which allocation type is this?

a)

Contiguous allocation

b)

Non-contiguous allocation

c)

Virtual paging

d)

Dynamic segmentation

37.

Paging divides memory into:

a)

Frames and pages

b)

Blocks and bytes

c)

Sectors and clusters

d)

Bits and nibbles

38.

Segmentation allows memory to be divided based on:

a)

Logical program parts

b)

Equal-sized pages

c)

Physical hardware limits

d)

Cache levels

39.

Which technique allows multiple programs to share memory without conflict?

a)

Address translation

b)

Paging

c)

Virtual memory

d)

All of the above

40.

Which is NOT a function of memory management?

a)

Allocating memory

b)

Protecting memory

c)

Translating addresses

d)

Encrypting data

41.

You are the OS engineer. The system constantly performs swapping. What could improve performance?

a)

Increase RAM size

b)

Use smaller partitions

42.

The OS keeps track of free and used memory using:

a)

Process table

b)

Page table

c)

Memory map

d)

Disk scheduler

43.

In paging, what identifies each process’s page-to-frame mapping?

a)

MMU

b)

Page table

c)

Disk queue

d)

Stack

44.

Which is a disadvantage of Best Fit?

a)

Causes large unused spaces

b)

Slower search time

c)

Inefficient use of memory

d)

Overwrites memory

45.

When the OS assigns memory dynamically during execution, it performs:

a)

Static allocation

b)

Dynamic allocation

c)

Contiguous allocation

d)

Address relocation

46.

What problem does virtual memory mainly solve?

a)

CPU overheating

b)

Insufficient physical memory

c)

Network delays

d)

Disk fragmentation

47.

Which algorithm provides the fastest allocation decision?

a)

First Fit

b)

Best Fit

c)

Worst Fit

d)

Equal Fit

48.

Which situation best shows internal fragmentation?

a)

Allocating 300 KB for a 270 KB process

b)

Many small holes scattered in memory

c)

Process swapped to disk

d)

None of the above

49.

What ensures one program cannot access another’s memory area?

a)

Memory protection

b)

Segmentation

c)

Paging

d)

Cache control

50.

The OS allocates memory dynamically, translates addresses, and prevents overlap. What is this process called?

a)

Memory management

b)

Process scheduling

c)

Device control

d)

File handling

51.

A company loses important data due to poor file organization. Which concept was neglected?

a)

File sharing

b)

File management

c)

File encryption

d)

File compression

52.

A student organizes class notes into folders by subject. This is an example of:

a)

File allocation

b)

File management practice

c)

File fragmentation

d)

File access method

53.

Why is file management essential for operating systems?

a)

To reduce CPU speed

b)

To organize, store, and retrieve data efficiently

c)

To compress memory

d)

To reduce software size

54.

A system crash caused file corruption. Which part of file management can help prevent this?

a)

File encryption

b)

File backup and integrity management

c)

File allocation

d)

File deletion

55.

A computer user can quickly find and open a file by double-clicking it. This action represents:

a)

File creation

b)

File execution

c)

File opening

56.

A user types a new report in Word and saves it for the first time. Which operation is performed?

a)

Editing

b)

Creating

c)

Deleting

d)

Opening

57.

A student updates an essay and resaves it. What operation occurs?

a)

Creating

b)

Editing

c)

Deleting

d)

Copying

58.

After finishing a project, a student deletes temporary files. This is an example of:

a)

File creation

b)

File editing

c)

File deletion

d)

File organization

59.

When you right-click and choose Rename, you are:

a)

Editing the file’s metadata

b)

Creating a new file

c)

Allocating memory

d)

Modifying file contents

60.

A programmer uses the command line rm filename.txt. This represents:

a)

File creation

b)

File editing

c)

File opening

d)

File deletion

61.

A USB drive formatted with FAT32 cannot store a 10 GB file. Why?

a)

FAT32 has a 4 GB file limit

b)

The drive is full

c)

The OS doesn’t support it

d)

The file is read-only

62.

A student wants to use the same flash drive for Windows and macOS. The best file system is:

a)

NTFS

b)

exFAT

c)

ext4

63.

A company secures sensitive files with encryption and permissions. Which file system supports this?

a)

FAT

b)

NTFS

c)

exFAT

d)

FAT32

64.

NTFS provides which advantage over FAT32?

a)

Faster copying on old systems

b)

Larger file support and security

c)

Simpler directory structure

d)

Less space usage

65.

Which file system is most compatible across devices (old and new)?

a)

NTFS

b)

FAT32

c)

exFAT

d)

APFS

66.

A server administrator formats a drive using ext4. Why might this be done?

a)

To use encryption

b)

For performance and large volume support

c)

For backward compatibility

d)

For NTFS compatibility

67.

A Linux system needs advanced features like snapshots and self-healing. The admin should use:

a)

ext4

b)

Btrfs

c)

XFS

d)

ZFS

68.

An enterprise server prioritizes performance and journaling. Which file system is ideal?

a)

FAT32

b)

XFS

c)

exFAT

d)

APFS

69.

A company prioritizes data reliability and storage capacity. Which should they use?

a)

ZFS

b)

NTFS

c)

FAT32

70.

A Linux user can’t access a drive formatted in NTFS without drivers. Why?

a)

NTFS is proprietary to Windows

b)

NTFS lacks journaling

c)

NTFS is a cloud format

d)

NTFS is encrypted

71.

Apple replaced HFS+ with APFS. What’s the main reason?

a)

To increase backward compatibility

b)

To improve SSD performance and encryption

c)

To use smaller clusters

d)

To support FAT files

72.

A MacBook user with an SSD benefits from:

a)

FAT32

b)

NTFS

c)

APFS

d)

ext4

73.

APFS supports space sharing. This means:

a)

Drives automatically compress

b)

Multiple volumes share storage dynamically

c)

All files are duplicated

d)

Backups are deleted automatically

74.

The HFS+ file system is considered outdated because:

a)

It doesn’t support encryption or snapshots

b)

It only works with Windows

c)

It can’t store large files

d)

It’s slower than FAT

75.

A macOS user wants to share files with a Windows computer. Which format should they choose?

a)

APFS

b)

HFS+

c)

exFAT

d)

ZFS

76.

A movie file is stored in one continuous block on the disk. What allocation is used?

a)

Linked

b)

Indexed

c)

Contiguous

77.

A file’s data is scattered across the disk, connected by pointers. Which allocation type is this?

a)

Linked

b)

Indexed

c)

Contiguous

d)

FAT-based

78.

Which allocation scheme uses an index table to track file blocks?

a)

Contiguous

b)

Linked

c)

Indexed

d)

Sequential

79.

Which method allows the fastest sequential access?

a)

Linked

b)

Indexed

c)

Contiguous

d)

Random

80.

Which method reduces fragmentation but slows down random access?

a)

Linked

b)

Contiguous

c)

Indexed

d)

FAT

81.

A large video project is slowing down because files are scattered on the disk. The issue is:

a)

File corruption

b)

Fragmentation

c)

Insufficient RAM

d)

Power failure

82.

Which allocation method is most prone to fragmentation?

a)

Linked

b)

Indexed

c)

Contiguous

d)

FAT

83.

A database requires direct access to any record. The best allocation method is:

a)

Contiguous

b)

Linked

c)

Indexed

84.

In linked allocation, what happens if a pointer is lost?

a)

The file is completely inaccessible

b)

The system crashes

c)

Data is partially accessible

d)

File becomes faster to read

85.

A file stored using indexed allocation becomes slower for sequential reads because:

a)

Index table must be read first

b)

Pointers cause fragmentation

c)

Files are contiguous

d)

Disk cache interferes

86.

A file system uses tables to map clusters to files. This resembles:

a)

FAT system

b)

Linked allocation

c)

Indexed system

d)

All of the above

87.

A flash drive formatted in exFAT cannot be read on an old Windows 95 computer because:

a)

exFAT is too new for that OS

b)

It lacks encryption

c)

It is too slow

d)

It’s not large enough

88.

A system admin prefers XFS for a web server because it:

a)

Is lightweight but simple

b)

Supports high-performance journaling

c)

Is compatible with mobile devices

d)

Uses contiguous blocks

89.

A developer needs snapshot support for testing environments. Which file system is ideal?

a)

FAT32

b)

ext4

c)

Btrfs

d)

NTFS

90.

An organization needs data recovery and permission control. Which file system should they use?

a)

NTFS

b)

FAT32

c)

APFS

91.

The OS determines where to place files on the disk. Which subsystem is responsible?

a)

File allocation

b)

Memory manager

c)

Process scheduler

d)

I/O handler

92.

What problem can occur if too many small files are deleted and created over time?

a)

Disk corruption

b)

Fragmentation

c)

File duplication

d)

Cache overflow

93.

Which file system would best handle very large data volumes on Linux servers?

a)

ext2

b)

ext4

c)

FAT32

d)

NTFS

94.

Which system is not journaling-based?

a)

XFS

b)

ZFS

c)

FAT32

d)

ext4

95.

A student deletes a file by mistake. Which file system offers recovery features?

a)

NTFS

b)

FAT32

c)

exFAT

d)

ext2

96.

Which of the following represents good file management?

a)

Saving all files on desktop

b)

Organizing files into labeled folders

c)

Using random file names

d)

Keeping duplicates of everything

97.

A system uses a file table to locate files. This helps in:

a)

Faster file retrieval

b)

Reducing CPU speed

c)

Encrypting data

d)

Slowing access

98.

A file system that stores data in tree structures for efficiency is:

a)

Btrfs

b)

FAT32

c)

NTFS

d)

APFS

99.

Why might a USB drive formatted with NTFS not work on macOS by default?

a)

macOS doesn’t have NTFS write support

b)

NTFS uses encryption

c)

NTFS is fragmented

d)

NTFS is outdated

100.

Which of the following best summarizes file management’s purpose?

a)

Organize and control data storage for easy access and reliability

b)

Provide more CPU power to files

c)

Reduce RAM usage

d)

Encrypt all user data

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