WorksheetsModule 7
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
In a chart note “pt arrived DOA”; what does DOA indicate?
Diagnosis on Admission
Dead on Arrival
Discharged on Advice
Date of Admission
Which abbreviation refers specifically to imaging modality using magnetic fields?
CT
PET
MRI
US
If a chart records “ABG shows low PaO2,” ABG stands for:
Absolute Blood Glucose
Arterial Blood Gas
Albumin-Bilirubin Gradient
Ambulatory Blood Glucose
NICU is the correct abbreviation for:
Neurology Intensive Care Unit
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Nursing Inpatient Care Unit
National Institute of Cardiac Unit
Which abbreviation denotes the blood test measuring liver transaminase SGPT?
Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase
Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase
Serum Creatinine Phosphate Test
Serum Glucose Post Test
A patient’s file notes “Hx: HTN, DM, CAD.” What does CAD mean?
Chronic Airway Disease
Coronary Artery Disease
Cell Adhesion Deficiency
Corrected Anion Deficit
In ECG reporting, “PVC” indicates:
Partial Ventricular Conduction
Premature Ventricular Contraction
Pulmonary Vascular Collapse
When an order reads “IV TPN,” TPN refers to:
Total Parenteral Nutrition
Transpulmonary Nitrogen
Tonic Peripheral Nutrition
Thrombotic Platelet Number
“NG” tube placement is recorded. NG stands for:
Nasogastric
NeoGastrostomy
Non-Granular
Nutrient Graft
Which abbreviation is used for the chest X-ray view “PA”?
Posterior-Anterior
Pulmonary Artery
Pressure-Adjusted
Pre-Anesthetic
If a lab report lists “CRP elevated,” CRP is:
Creatine Reductase Product
C-reactive Protein
Cardiac Reperfusion Pressure
Calcium Reaction Potential
A surgical note lists “TAH” as performed. TAH stands for:
Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
Trans-arterial Hemostasis
Thoracic Aortic Heparinization
Tracheal Airway Heuristic
Which abbreviation denotes the cell-count test commonly abbreviated “CBC”?
Creatinine Blood Count
Complete Blood Count
Cardiac Biomarker Chart
Cerebral Blood Calculation
“RR” in a vital sign column usually denotes:
Respiratory Rate
Renal Ratio
Right Rales
Repeat Reading
“PRBC” transfusion stands for packed:
Platelet-rich blood cells
Plasma-rich blood components
Packed Red Blood Cells
Partial RBC concentrate
In microbiology, “UA” commonly abbreviates:
Uric Acid test only
Urine Analysis / Urinalysis
Upper Airway assessment
Ulnar Artery check
A postoperative order reads “O2 via NC at 2 L/min.” NC denotes:
Nasal Cannula
Nasogastric Catheter
Non-rebreather Cannister
Nerve Conduction
“BUN” is a lab abbreviation for:
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Basal Urea Number
Blood Uric Nitrite
Basic Urine Nitrate
The abbreviation “ECG” versus “ECHO”: ECG records electrical activity; ECHO is:
Electrical cardiac output
Echocardiogram (ultrasound of heart)
Electrochemical gradient
Endocardial coagulation test
“FBS” in lab panels stands for:
Fasting Blood Sugar
Fresh Blood Sample
Fluid Balance Score
If a physician writes “pt to ICU from PACU,” PACU stands for:
Pre-anesthesia Care Unit
Post-Anesthesia Care Unit
Pulmonary Airway Care Unit
Primary Acute Cardiac Unit
Which abbreviation denotes a diagnostic ECG lead recording device used for 24 hours?
ECHO
Holter monitor (Holter)
PET
CT
“PR” is used in prescriptions to indicate:
Per rectum (PR)
Post-renal
Partial refill
Pulse rate
“PTT” measured in coagulation testing stands for:
Partial Thromboplastin Time
Prothrombin Thrombotic Test
Peripheral Time Test
Platelet Thinning Test
“ICU” vs “SICU”: SICU specifically refers to:
Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Special Infectious Care Unit
Secondary Intensive Care Unit
Sundry Intensive Care Unit
“CPK” is often ordered to evaluate:
Cerebral perfusion kinetics
Creatine Phosphokinase (muscle injury marker)
Cardio pressure kurtosis
Capillary perfusion kinetics
The abbreviation “PT” in many charts means:
Physical Therapy
Prothrombin Time
Post-Transfusion
Pulmonary Test
“ASD” is NOT in the abbreviation PDF; choose the best interpretation from common medical usage:
Aortic Stenosis Disease
Atrial Septal Defect
Acute Stroke Diagnosis
Antibody Specific Dilution
On a surgical list “ET” tube is mentioned; ET stands for:
External Traction
Endotracheal
Epigastric Tape
Endovascular Transducer
“Hb” or “Hgb” stands for:
Hemoglobin
Hemobility gradient
Heartbeats per gram
Hepatic bilirubin
In neonatal notes “UAC” is recorded — UAC stands for:
Umbilical Artery Catheter
Upper Airway Clearance
Urine Analysis Collection
Unilateral Appendicitis Check
“WBC” differential is requested; WBC signifies:
Whole Blood Chemistry
White Blood Cell (count)
Whole Body Clearance
Water Balance Coefficient
When a report references “PTSD” it means:
Prolonged Thrombotic Syndrome Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Peripheral Temperature Sensing Device
Post Transfusion Serum Delay
“KUB” x-ray is ordered — what does KUB evaluate?
Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder
Key Urgent Bones
Kidney upper bronchus
Keratinized uterine bed
“NGT” placement confirmation is often via CXR; NGT stands for:
Nasogastric Tube
Naso-Gingival Transplant
Non-Graphic Test
Nasal Graft Technique
The abbreviation “PRBC” would be cross-checked for which blood component?
Platelet Rich Buffy Cells
Packed Red Blood Cells
Plasma Reduced Buffy Cells
Partial RBC count
If a clinician writes “UA: +++ albumin,” UA refers to:
Urine Analysis (Urinalysis)
Upper Airway assessment
Uric Acid test only
Ultrasound abdomen
“HgbA1c” appears in diabetic workups — HgbA1c measures:
Hemoglobin variant associated with iron deficiency
Glycated hemoglobin reflecting average glucose control
Hepatic bilirubin index
Heart beating average over 1 cycle
“MSDU” in hospital services is the:
Medical Surgical Day Unit
Mobile Surgery Duty Unit
Minimum Service Diagnostic Unit
“TLC” used in pulmonary testing stands for:
Total Lung Capacity
Thrombus Lytic Coefficient
Total Leukocyte Count
Temperature Level Check
“DPT” in immunization stands for vaccine for:
Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus
Diarrhea, Polio, Typhoid
Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel, Tamoxifen
Diabetes Prevention Therapy
“ARF” commonly abbreviates which renal condition?
Acute Renal Failure
Aortic Regurgitation Flow
Arterial Resistive Factor
Acute Respiratory Fungus
“Sx” in clinical notes most commonly refers to:
Suture exchange
Symptoms
Secondary x-ray
Sodium xanthate test
“MVA” frequently appears in trauma documentation; MVA stands for:
Mitral Valve Assessment
Motor Vehicle Accident
Mesenteric Vascular Aneurysm
Medical Ventilation Assistance
“NABH” as an institutional tag denotes:
National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers
National Association of Blood Hospitals
Nursing Accreditation Bureau of Health
National Ambulance Board and Health
“SBS” under GI history indicates:
Short Bowel Syndrome
Superior Biliary Stenosis
Small Bile Secretion
Scattered Bowel Sounds
In emergency abbreviations “AAA” when used in vascular context denotes:
Acute Arthritis Assessment
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Antiarrhythmic Agent Activity
Anterior Atrial Access
“CPK” spike with chest pain usually suggests:
Liver injury
Myocardial or muscle injury (creatine phosphokinase elevation)
Low platelet count
Kidney function improvement
“ENT” department abbreviation stands for:
Emergency Nursing Team
Ears, Nose and Throat
Enteric Nutrition Therapy
External Nerve Testing
“TB” as entry on a public health ledger most often abbreviates:
Thromboxane B level
Tuberculosis
Tertiary Bile test
Transbronchial biopsy
Which documentation element is most critical to trace a recalled drug batch in hospital stock?
Supplier’s bank details
Batch number and expiry date recorded in ward and pharmacy records
Consumer feedback forms
Marketing brochure
If a ward receives a drug with suspected contamination, the immediate correct sequence is:
Use it partially → inform supplier → no record
Quarantine the batch → inform pharmacist → document and return on credit
Which inventory policy reduces stockouts for rare but life-saving drugs while minimizing expiry losses?
Zero stock policy
Safety stock with longer shelf-life monitoring and vendor-managed replenishment
Overstock everything monthly
First come, first served purchasing
Which control most effectively reduces dispensing errors from illegible prescriptions?
Hiring more attendants
Implement electronic prescribing with pharmacist verification
Increasing counter discounts
Accepting verbal orders only
A pharmacy discovers repeated minor dispensing mistakes by one staff member. Best administrative action is:
Immediate dismissal without investigation
Root-cause analysis, retraining, and monitored performance improvement plan
Ignore and hope it stops
Replace the billing software
When fixing reorder quantity using ABC analysis, which class requires most rigorous control?
Class C (low value, many items)
Class A (high value, few items)
Class B only when suppliers demand
None — all equal
A drug labelled for 2–8°C is mistakenly stored at 12°C for 48 hours. The pharmacist should:
Continue use; temperature deviations are minor.
Quarantine affected stock, consult manufacturer stability data, and document decision.
Return to shelf after shaking.
Mix with other batches to dilute risk.
Which audit metric best identifies pharmacy billing accuracy?
Number of prescriptions printed per day
Percentage of bills matching prescriptions on retrospective audit
A hospital wants to discourage stockpiling of antibiotics in wards. Most effective measure:
Allow wards unlimited direct purchases
Centralized issue from substores with strict requisition and return policy
Ban antibiotics entirely
Increase retail price in hospital shop
Which is the single best evidence that a supplier is an authorized dealer for a drug company?
A casual phone call from supplier
Official authorization certificate or dealer code from the manufacturer
Attractive discount offers
Long paragraph on supplier letterhead without verification
When selecting one of two similar brand formulations, the pharmacist’s most important comparison is:
Colour of packaging
Clinical bioequivalence and excipient differences relevant to patient groups
Popularity on social media
Supplier’s office location
What is the main advantage of keeping two alternate brands for a generic drug in formulary?
Make shelves colorful
Reduce procurement risk and ensure supply continuity during shortage
Confuse prescribers
Increase storage needs only
Which pharmacy practice most reduces financial loss from returned, unopened high-cost medicines?
Refuse all returns routinely
Accept unopened returns, credit ward/patient, and re-enter into inventory with QC checks
Discard without documentation
Donate immediately to charitable outlets
Q14. The equipment performance metric that a biomedical department should report to hospital management to demonstrate reliability is:
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)
Acquisition Cost
Energy Consumption
User Satisfaction Score
A newly procured MRI arrives with partial documentation. The biomedical engineer should:
Install and use immediately.
Hold installation until complete technical manual, schematic drawings, and service agreements are obtained.
Send to scrap.
Use only for research.
Which calibration schedule best balances patient safety and resource constraints for critical monitors?
Never calibrate — saves money
Regular manufacturer-recommended calibration with risk-based prioritization for critical devices
Calibrate only after failure
Monthly for all devices irrespective of use
During a major drug recall from a manufacturer, the pharmacy’s immediate priority is to:
Maximize sales of remaining stock.
Rapidly identify and quarantine all affected batches across wards and substores.
Replace labels only.
Ignore unless complaints arise.
Which of these is the best way to detect diversion/pilferage in pharmacy counters?
Rely on staff honesty only
Regular transaction audits cross-referenced to patient charts and inventory variances
Remove CCTV from pharmacy
Count only once a year
For an anesthesia machine with integrated ventilator, the biomedical team must prioritize:
Cosmetic cleaning only
Daily functional checklists and preventive maintenance per manufacturer before first use each day
Only weekly checks
Which indicator best signals potential stock obsolescence in pharmacy?
High turnover of fast-moving drugs
Growing percentage of slow/zero movement SKUs beyond their shelf-life horizon
Increased footfall in OPD
New brands added monthly
A ward nurse returns a sealed IV drug vial with intact label but batch unknown. Most correct action:
Re-dispense immediately.
Accept return only after verifying batch and expiry with pharmacy and recording appropriately.
Destroy it immediately.
Sell to other ward.
Which procurement strategy reduces risk of counterfeit drugs entering hospital supply chain?
Split orders across unverified local vendors
Single-source purchases without verification
Use authenticated supplier network with random batch testing and supplier audits
Buy only based on lowest price
When assessing a biomedical equipment tender, which cost element is most often overlooked but critical?
Shipping toys for staff
Lifecycle costs including spares, AMC, consumables and training
Colour of packaging
Free samples only
Which action most reduces medication errors from look-alike packaging?
Place them adjacent for convenience
Segregate and label prominently, use barcode scanning for dispensing verification
Handwrite brand names differently each day
Store behind locked cabinets inaccessible to staff
A biomedical equipment shows intermittent alarms only during peak load. A sound diagnostic step is to:
Monitor the equipment during peak load to observe the issue.
Replace the equipment immediately.
Ignore the alarms as they are intermittent.
Reduce the load permanently to avoid alarms.
Which of the following is the best way to prevent nuisance alarms in a hospital setting?
Ignore alarms outside office hours
Perform load testing, log alarm timestamps, check power quality and environmental parameters (temp/humidity) during peaks
Replace whole system immediately without analysis
Shift device to a different room randomly
Which pharmacy ledger best prevents double billing and ensures accountability?
Handwritten random notes
Integrated electronic transaction logs linking prescription, bill, and issued stock lot numbers
Separate paper for each cashier with no reconciliation
Daily verbal summaries only
During an equipment condemnation decision, the biomedical engineer should prioritize:
Equipment age only
Clinical safety risk, repair cost vs replacement cost, availability of spares and downtime history
Color and brand preference
Staff sentiment only
Which pharmacy KPI most directly correlates with patient satisfaction?
Variety of brands stocked
Average patient wait time for medicine collection and error-free dispense rate
Number of stockrooms
Quantity of promotional materials available
Which device is most appropriate to monitor oxygen saturation during a stress test?
Defibrillator only
Portable pulse oximeter integrated with exercise ECG system
Static X-ray machine
Blood cell counter
What’s the safest policy for handling returned outer cartons where inner strips are intact but outer carton is missing?
Accept without checks
Verify strip integrity, labels, expiry and batch; quarantine if any discrepancy before re-issuing
Immediately restock to shelves without logging
Destroy automatically regardless of condition
Which of the following best reduces equipment downtime caused by missing spares?
Order spares after failure only
Critical spares stocking policy based on failure modes and lead time analysis
Keep no spares to save storage space
Rely on external suppliers to ship overnight always
In a hospital formulary review, pharmacoeconomic evaluation primarily assesses:
Package design aesthetics
Cost-effectiveness relative to clinical benefit and budget impact
Social media marketing reach
Supplier loyalty discounts only
Which preventive maintenance action is most important for incubators used in pathology?
Painting outer body every month
Temperature uniformity checks and alarm verification at set intervals
Only cleaning external surfaces weekly
No maintenance unless failure occurs
For barcode-assisted dispensing, what is the primary reason for scanning both patient ID and medicine barcode?
Increase time spent at counter
Ensure right patient receives right drug and reduce wrong-patient errors
Create extra paperwork for auditors
For staff amusement only
Which regulatory step is necessary before introducing a new high-risk device (e.g., ventilator) into clinical service?
Immediate clinical use without testing
Acceptance testing, user training, availability of spares and signed operational procedures
Only a memo to the CEO
Advertising it to patients first
Which of the following pharmacy practices most minimizes antibiotic resistance concerns institutionally?
Over-dispense broad-spectrum agents routinely
Implement antimicrobial stewardship with restricted lists and pre-authorization for certain antibiotics
A biomedical engineer receives repeated breakdown reports for a particular model—best strategic response is:
Patch individual units only
Analyze common failure mode, contact manufacturer for root-cause, plan retrofit or replacement across fleet if needed
Replace with same model mindlessly
Stop recording failures to reduce paperwork
Which stock rotation method most reduces expiry losses?
Last-In First-Out (LIFO) only
First-Expiry First-Out (FEFO) with expiry alerts in inventory system
Random rotation based on convenience
Use expired goods first
For hospital purchases, technical sanction differs from financial sanction because it:
Is done by anyone on staff
Confirms clinical and technical suitability before funds are released
Only checks price
Is optional
Which of the following is the most reliable method to confirm an IV fluid bottle is not contaminated before use?
Smell test only
Visual inspection, check seal/integrity, expiry, and batch traceability; if suspected, return to pharmacy for QC
Shake vigorously and administer
Use only if color seems fine
A pharmacy detects a sudden spike in returns of a particular analgesic. Best immediate investigation focus:
Supplier’s PR campaign
Check for adverse reaction reports, batch defects, and prescribing pattern changes
Fire the cashier handling those bills
Stop all analgesic use permanently
Which is the best practice for antibiotic stewardship?
Leave antibiotic choice entirely to patient preference
Always use oldest stock first without clinical oversight
Implement antimicrobial stewardship with restricted lists and pre-authorization for certain antibiotics
Which of the following best limits obsolescence of diagnostic equipment?
Buy the cheapest model always
Buy modular, serviceable equipment with available spares and vendor support for upgrades
Purchase custom one-off devices with proprietary parts only
Avoid service contracts always
Which item must appear on every dispensed medicine label to enable traceability?
Pharmacist’s nickname
Lot/batch number and expiry date along with patient name and dispensing date
Manufacturer’s slogan only
Barcode only without human-readable text
When a ward requests emergency procurement of a critical drug outside formulary, the pharmacist should:
Refuse always
Facilitate emergency procurement with provisional documentation and submit for committee ratification afterward
Buy randomly without records
Ask nurse to find it from outside market without hospital records
Which environmental control is most critical for CT and MRI suites?
Indoor plants only
Stable power supply, temperature, humidity control and stray magnetic field management (for MRI)
Open windows for ventilation always
No air conditioning to save cost
Which pharmacy control minimizes financial leaks from expired stock?
No expiry checks ever
Active expiry monitoring with automated alerts and rotation to near-expiry clinics for prioritized use or returns
Keep expired stock hidden until audit
Donate expired drugs without checks
Which biomedical metric helps prioritize preventive maintenance schedules by criticality?
Color of the device panel
Clinical Criticality Index combined with usage hours and failure history
Which of the following is the best method to assess the criticality of a medical device?
Number of screws on the casing
Clinical Criticality Index combined with usage hours and failure history
Manufacturer’s marketing rating only
Manufacturer’s marketing rating only
