Claims that one event causes or influences another.

Drawing a conclusion about an entire group based on observations from a sample of that group.

The process of observing particular instances and inferring a general rule or pattern.

Connects subgroups through a major premise and minor premise.

Uses conditional 'if–then' statements to connect ideas logically.

Moves from specific examples or observations to general conclusions providing probable rather than certain conclusions.

A survey used to infer the personal views of a larger population based on a smaller sample.

Occurs when it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false.

Achieved when an argument's premises make the conclusion highly probable, even if not certain.

A type of reasoning that removes possibilities until only one conclusion remains.

The conclusion necessarily follows from the premises so that if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.

An argument that makes a prediction about the future based on past patterns or experiences.