WorksheetsDONE HORMONAL REGULATION EXEMPLARS]
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 53mins
A patient with SIADH is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Which finding should the nurse expect in a patient with SIADH?
Decreased urine output
Increased urine output
Elevated serum sodium
Low urine specific gravity
A nurse is caring for a patient with SIADH. Which order should the nurse question?
Restrict fluids to 800 mL/day
Administer hypertonic saline rapidly
Monitor daily weight
Implement seizure precautions
The nurse evaluates a patient with SIADH. Which statement indicates understanding of discharge teaching?
I will weigh myself every day.
I can drink as much water as I want.
I’ll take extra salt tablets.
I will use over-the-counter diuretics.
Which finding would confirm Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?
Low urine specific gravity
High urine osmolality
Decreased serum sodium
Decreased urine output
The nurse anticipates which medication for central Diabetes Insipidus?
Desmopressin
Levothyroxine
Prednisone
Furosemide
Which finding indicates Diabetes Insipidus management has been effective?
Urine output decreases and specific gravity increases
Urine output remains above 200 mL/hr
The nurse recognizes which symptom as a complication of untreated DI?
Hypovolemic shock
Seizures
Bradycardia
SIADH
The nurse caring for a patient with DI should prioritize which nursing intervention?
Monitor for dehydration
Encourage high-protein diet
Restrict oral fluids
Administer glucose IV bolus
A patient with SIADH is confused and has muscle twitching. Which nursing action takes priority?
Check serum sodium level
Increase oral fluids
Administer insulin
Elevate head of bed
Which characteristic differentiates Type 1 from Type 2 Diabetes?
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Insulin resistance at target tissues
Gradual onset in adulthood
Associated with obesity
Which assessment finding is common in both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes?
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
Bradycardia
Hypothermia
Constipation
A nurse suspects Type 1 Diabetes in a new patient. Which diagnostic result confirms the diagnosis?
Fasting glucose of 130 mg/dL on two occasions
A1C of 5.6%
Random glucose 100 mg/dL
Postprandial glucose 120 mg/dL
A patient with newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes asks why exercise is important. The best response is:
It improves how your body uses insulin.
It increases your need for insulin.
It reduces insulin production.
It prevents all complications.
Which instruction should the nurse include for a diabetic patient prescribed Metformin?
Hold medication 48 hours before and after contrast study
Take with milk and antacids
Monitor for hypoglycemia every 2 hours
Stop medication if experiencing diarrhea
Which finding would require immediate intervention in a diabetic patient?
Blood glucose 45 mg/dL
Blood glucose 150 mg/dL
A1C 6.8%
BP 130/82 mmHg
The nurse observes fruity breath and Kussmaul respirations. These findings indicate:
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Hypoglycemia
Addison’s crisis
Cushing’s syndrome
Which is the priority nursing action for a patient in DKA?
Initiate IV fluids and regular insulin infusion
Administer oral glucose
Restrict fluids
Administer potassium before insulin
A nurse teaching “Rule of 15” for hypoglycemia should include which step?
Recheck glucose after 15 minutes
Administer 30g carbohydrates
Call provider immediately
Give glucagon first
Which patient is at greatest risk for DKA?
Young adult with Type 1 Diabetes who missed an insulin dose
Elderly Type 2 diabetic on Metformin
Pregnant woman with gestational diabetes
Patient on continuous glucose monitor
The nurse prepares to give insulin Lispro (Humalog). When should it be administered?
Within 15 minutes of a meal
At bedtime
1 hour before a meal
After fasting lab draw
Which insulin has the lowest risk for hypoglycemia?
Glargine (Lantus)
Regular (Humulin R)
Lispro (Humalog)
NPH (Humulin N)
A patient on insulin therapy reports dizziness and sweating. The nurse’s first action is to:
Check blood glucose level
Give orange juice
Notify provider
Start IV fluids
Which patient teaching is appropriate for a newly diagnosed diabetic?
Inspect feet daily and wear shoes indoors
Avoid all carbohydrates completely
Double insulin dose if glucose is high
Use same site for every injection
Which laboratory test best indicates long-term glucose control?
Hemoglobin A1C
Fasting glucose
Random glucose
2-hour OGTT
A patient with diabetes has an A1C of 9.5%. Which conclusion is correct?
Poor glucose control over the past 3 months
Recent episode of hypoglycemia
Normal blood glucose control
Patient needs insulin discontinued
Which is the best dietary recommendation for a diabetic patient?
Balance carbohydrates with protein and fiber intake
Avoid all sugars and fruits
Eat large meals to prevent hypoglycemia
Consume low-protein diet
Which statement by a patient with diabetes indicates correct understanding of foot care?
I’ll dry between my toes after washing my feet.
I will walk barefoot inside to keep my feet flexible.
I should use hot water to soak my feet daily.
I can cut my own calluses with a pumice stone.
Which of the following findings indicates diabetic retinopathy?
Blurred vision and floaters
Loss of sensation in hands and feet
Non-healing foot ulcers
Tingling of the tongue
What is the nurse’s priority teaching for a patient with diabetic nephropathy?
Report any changes in urination patterns
Increase protein intake
Avoid fluid intake before bedtime
Discontinue insulin
A diabetic patient has a blood glucose of 40 mg/dL and is unconscious. Which treatment is appropriate?
Administer glucagon IM
Give 15 g oral carbohydrates
Wait 15 minutes and recheck
Start oral metformin
Which statement demonstrates understanding of chronic diabetic complications?
I need to see my eye doctor once a year.
I can skip my statin medication if I feel fine.
The nurse identifies which finding as a symptom of diabetic neuropathy?
Loss of protective sensation in extremities
Retinal hemorrhage
Proteinuria
Edema in lower legs
Which diabetic complication results from small blood vessel damage?
Retinopathy
Neuropathy
DKA
Hypoglycemia
A nurse provides teaching for a diabetic patient starting an SGLT2 inhibitor (Empagliflozin). Which statement requires further teaching?
I should drink less water to prevent urinary tract infections.
I may experience increased urination.
I need to report signs of yeast infection.
This medication makes me lose sugar through urine.
The nurse reviews labs for a patient with liver cirrhosis. Which finding is expected?
Elevated bilirubin
Elevated albumin
Decreased prothrombin time
Increased platelets
Which assessment finding is consistent with liver failure?
Jaundice and ascites
Low blood pressure and bradycardia
Pallor and dry skin
Increased urine output
The nurse is assessing a patient with cirrhosis who presents with confusion and irritability. What complication should the nurse suspect?
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hypoglycemia
Septicemia
Lactic acidosis
The nurse understands lactulose is given to a patient with hepatic encephalopathy for which purpose?
To decrease ammonia levels
To increase bile production
To treat constipation only
To prevent bleeding
Which assessment finding indicates lactulose therapy is effective?
Improved mental status
Constipation
Decreased potassium
Dry mucous membranes
The nurse should include which teaching for a patient with ascites?
Restrict sodium intake
Increase protein intake
Increase fluid intake
Avoid ambulation
Which finding requires immediate nursing intervention in a patient with liver cirrhosis?
Hematemesis
Mild fatigue
Spider angiomas
Weight gain of 1 lb in one day
Which statement by a patient with liver disease requires further teaching?
I should avoid alcohol completely.
I can take ibuprofen for pain.
I should eat small, frequent meals.
I need to limit salt.
The nurse notes bruising and gum bleeding in a patient with cirrhosis. Which lab should the nurse check first?
Platelet count
Ammonia level
Bilirubin
Glucose
The nurse reviews a patient’s medication list. Which medication should be avoided in liver failure?
Acetaminophen
Propranolol
What is the use of Lactulose in liver disease management?
Lactulose is used to reduce ammonia levels in patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
Lactulose is used to increase bile production in cirrhosis patients.
Lactulose is used to treat viral hepatitis directly.
Lactulose is used to prevent liver fibrosis.
What is the use of Spironolactone in liver disease management?
Spironolactone is used as a diuretic to treat ascites in patients with liver disease.
Spironolactone is used to treat hepatic encephalopathy.
Spironolactone is used to prevent liver fibrosis.
Spironolactone is used to lower blood glucose in liver disease.
The nurse is caring for a patient with portal hypertension. Which complication is the nurse most concerned about?
Esophageal varices
Constipation
Pancreatitis
Low calcium
The nurse reviews the order for a patient with severe ascites. Which treatment would the nurse anticipate?
Paracentesis
Bronchoscopy
Colonoscopy
Hemodialysis
A patient with cirrhosis develops hepatic encephalopathy. Which diet change will help reduce symptoms?
Low-protein diet
High-fat diet
High-sodium diet
High-fiber diet
A nurse caring for a patient with liver disease monitors for which life-threatening complication?
Bleeding
Bradycardia
Hypertension
Pneumonia
Which teaching should the nurse reinforce for a patient with chronic liver failure?
Avoid NSAIDs and alcohol
Increase sodium intake
Report mild fatigue only if persistent
Discontinue lactulose once stools normalize
Which of the following findings is commonly associated with obesity?
A) Sleep apnea and hypertension
B) Hypoglycemia and bradycardia
C) Hypothermia and hypotension
D) Constipation and dehydration
The nurse teaches a patient with obesity about risk factors. Which statement indicates correct understanding?
Obesity increases my risk for heart disease and Type 2 diabetes.
Obesity only affects how I look, not my organs.
If I lose weight once, I’ll never regain it.
Being overweight prevents high blood pressure.
The nurse knows obesity is primarily caused by which mechanism?
Energy intake exceeds energy expenditure
Low sodium diet
Autoimmune destruction of fat cells
Decreased insulin resistance
Which of the following interventions best supports long-term weight loss?
Behavior modification and nutrition counseling
Short-term liquid diet
Skipping breakfast
Eliminating carbohydrates entirely
A nurse is caring for a patient with metabolic syndrome. Which statement indicates understanding of management?
I need to eat healthy and exercise regularly to reduce my risk of heart disease.
I only need to monitor my blood sugar levels.
Metabolic syndrome is not reversible.
Which finding supports the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome?
High waist circumference and elevated triglycerides
Low blood pressure and hypoglycemia
Normal cholesterol and fasting glucose
Weight loss with low BMI
What is the most important nursing intervention for a patient with metabolic syndrome?
Educate about lifestyle changes including diet and physical activity
Encourage weight gain to prevent malnutrition
Restrict all carbohydrates from diet
Administer long-term steroids
The nurse recognizes which measurement as a diagnostic indicator of obesity?
Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30
Waist-to-hip ratio of 0.5
BMI < 25
Triglycerides < 150 mg/dL
Which health problem is the nurse most concerned about in a patient with obesity?
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Hypothyroidism
Addison disease
Asthma
Which nursing approach best supports an obese patient's emotional health?
Provide nonjudgmental communication and support
Encourage strict daily weigh-ins
Avoid discussing the patient's weight
Use shame-based motivation
Which condition is most likely to cause a goiter?
Iodine deficiency
High calcium diet
Low sodium intake
Corticosteroid use
The nurse teaches a patient with a goiter. Which statement requires further teaching?
My goiter means I definitely have hypothyroidism.
Iodine deficiency can cause thyroid enlargement.
Both hyper- and hypothyroidism can result in a goiter.
I will need thyroid labs to determine the cause.
A patient with thyroiditis reports throat pain and fever. What nursing action is appropriate?
Assess for airway compromise and difficulty swallowing
Encourage fluid restriction
Apply cold compresses to the neck
Stop all thyroid medications immediately
Which finding is characteristic of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?
Low T3 and T4 with elevated TSH
High T3 and T4 with low TSH
Normal TSH and T4
Low TSH and normal T3
The nurse expects which medication for chronic autoimmune thyroiditis?
Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Methimazole
Desmopressin
Prednisone
A patient presents with tachycardia, exophthalmos, and weight loss. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Cushing syndrome
Addison disease
Which lab findings support the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism?
Low TSH, high T3 and T4
High TSH, low T3 and T4
Normal TSH, high calcium
Low calcium, low TSH
The nurse caring for a patient with Graves’ disease expects which medication?
Methimazole
Levothyroxine
Prednisone
Which dietary recommendation should be given to a patient with hyperthyroidism?
Frequent high-calorie meals
Low-protein diet
Caffeine-rich beverages
Salt-restricted foods
The nurse provides teaching after radioactive iodine therapy. Which statement indicates understanding?
I will wash my laundry separately from my family’s for a week.
I can share utensils and cups as long as I rinse them.
I will resume preparing meals for my family tomorrow.
I can visit my pregnant sister the next day.
Which symptom is most characteristic of hypothyroidism?
Cold intolerance and weight gain
Tremors and heat intolerance
Diarrhea and palpitations
Increased appetite and insomnia
A patient with hypothyroidism takes Levothyroxine (Synthroid). Which instruction is correct?
Take on an empty stomach 30–60 minutes before breakfast
Take with food and calcium supplement
Skip dose if pulse is below 60 bpm
Store medication in the refrigerator
Which assessment finding in a hypothyroid patient requires immediate intervention?
Low respiratory rate and altered LOC
Dry skin
Constipation
Weight gain
The nurse recognizes which laboratory pattern as indicative of hypothyroidism?
High TSH, low T3 and T4
Low TSH, high T3 and T4
Normal TSH, normal T4
Low calcium, high PTH
A patient recovering from thyroidectomy suddenly develops hoarseness and dyspnea. What is the nurse’s priority action?
Assess airway and prepare for emergency intervention
Administer pain medication
Encourage the patient to speak more
Monitor vital signs and wait for improvement
The nurse recognizes that parathyroid hormone (PTH) primarily regulates which electrolyte?
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Magnesium
A patient with hyperparathyroidism is likely to exhibit which lab findings?
High calcium, low phosphate
Low calcium, low phosphate
High calcium, high phosphate
Normal calcium, high sodium
Which clinical manifestation is consistent with hyperparathyroidism?
Bone pain and kidney stones
Tremors and tachycardia
Dry skin and bradycardia
Confusion and seizures
A patient with hyperparathyroidism reports weakness and fatigue. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
Which medication may be prescribed to reduce serum calcium in hyperparathyroidism?
Furosemide
Levothyroxine
Methimazole
Desmopressin
The nurse provides dietary teaching for a patient with hyperparathyroidism. Which food should the patient avoid?
Dairy products
Green leafy vegetables
Citrus fruits
Lean proteins
Following a parathyroidectomy, which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?
Positive Chvostek's sign
Dry skin
Constipation
Decreased appetite
Which symptom indicates hypoparathyroidism?
Tetany and muscle spasms
Tachycardia
Exophthalmos
Increased appetite
The nurse expects to administer which medication for hypoparathyroidism?
Calcium and Vitamin D supplements
Potassium chloride
Levothyroxine
Methimazole
Which nursing action is a priority for a patient with hypocalcemia related to hypoparathyroidism?
Implement seizure precautions
Restrict fluid intake
Administer loop diuretics
The nurse recognizes that acromegaly results from overproduction of which hormone?
Growth hormone
Cortisol
Thyroxine
Aldosterone
Which assessment finding would the nurse expect in a patient with acromegaly?
Enlarged hands, feet, and facial features
Rapid weight loss
Hair loss and fatigue
Exophthalmos and tremors
Which diagnostic test helps confirm acromegaly?
Measurement of growth hormone levels
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Serum cortisol
Blood glucose tolerance test only
The nurse reviews a patient’s record with acromegaly. Which treatment should the nurse anticipate?
Surgical removal of pituitary tumor
Radiation to the thyroid
Adrenal hormone replacement
Daily corticosteroid injections
A nurse evaluating a patient post–pituitary surgery should monitor for which serious complication?
Cerebrospinal fluid leakage
Low calcium levels
Hypokalemia
Respiratory alkalosis
The nurse recognizes that Cushing Syndrome results from:
Excess cortisol levels
Deficient cortisol levels
Low aldosterone
Which finding would the nurse expect in a patient with Cushing Syndrome?
A. “Moon face” and central obesity
B. Low blood pressure and hypoglycemia
C. Bronze skin pigmentation
D. Weight loss and fatigue
The nurse reviews a patient’s medication history and notes long-term prednisone use. The patient is most at risk for developing which condition?
C. Cushing Syndrome
B. Addison Disease
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. SIADH
Which dietary recommendation should the nurse provide to a patient with Cushing Syndrome?
Low-sodium, high-protein diet
High-sodium diet
Low-protein diet
High-fat, high-carb diet
A patient with Cushing Syndrome is at risk for which complication?
Infection
Bradycardia
Hypoglycemia
Dehydration
The nurse identifies which characteristic symptom of Addison Disease?
A. Hyperpigmentation and fatigue
B. Truncal obesity
C. Hypertension and edema
D. Insomnia and anxiety
Which laboratory pattern is consistent with Addison Disease?
Low cortisol and low sodium
High cortisol and low potassium
Low calcium and low phosphate
High sodium and high glucose
The nurse is educating a patient with Addison Disease about medication management. Which instruction should be included?
Take corticosteroid medication exactly as prescribed, without skipping doses.
Stop taking medication if you feel better.
Double the dose if you miss a dose.
Take medication only when symptoms appear.
