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PY 231 Midterm Exam Review

Total questions: 30

Worksheet time: 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which question would a social psychologist be most likely to investigate?

a)

How personality predicts job success

b)

How group pressure influences individual decisions

c)

How early childhood shapes adult attachment

d)

How genes contribute to intelligence

2.

Liam is trying to decide whether to join a new club at school. According to Lewin’s field theory, what will Liam’s behavior depend on?

a)

The strength of unconscious motives

b)

Personality traits only

c)

Both the individual’s characteristics and the surrounding situation

d)

Environmental reinforcement alone

3.

Hannah is studying how people’s behavior changes when they are given authority over others in a simulated environment. Which study demonstrated the impact of situational power on behavior?

a)

Bandura’s Bobo doll study

b)

Festinger’s dissonance experiment

c)

Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment

d)

Pavlov’s conditioning study

4.

Abigail enters a library and notices everyone is speaking softly. Which of the following illustrates a social norm?

a)

Abigail lowers her voice in the library because others are quiet

b)

Abigail feels hungry at lunchtime

c)

Abigail chooses to eat healthy for personal goals

d)

Abigail laughs at her own joke alone

5.

After a football game, Evelyn says, "I knew our team was going to win all along," even though she was unsure before the game started. This is an example of:

a)

The self-fulfilling prophecy

b)

Hindsight bias

c)

Confirmation bias

6.

After Liam is repeatedly praised and given small rewards for greeting his coworkers with a smile, he continues to do so every day. Which process best explains Liam's continued friendly behavior?

a)

Classical conditioning

b)

Operant conditioning

c)

Observational learning

d)

Schema activation

7.

Avery is learning about how people remember information. Avery discovers that a schema helps people:

a)

Store information randomly

b)

Organize knowledge about categories of people or events

c)

Suppress emotional responses to bias

d)

Avoid stereotypes entirely

8.

A person assumes all quiet people are shy, even after meeting a quiet but confident student. This demonstrates:

a)

Overjustification effect

b)

Confirmation bias

c)

Counterfactual thinking

d)

Anchoring bias

9.

A judge believes a well-dressed defendant must be honest because they “look professional.” Which heuristic is this?

a)

Availability heuristic

b)

Representativeness heuristic

c)

Fundamental attribution error

d)

False consensus effect

10.

After crossing a shaky, high suspension bridge, Arjun meets someone at the end and feels a strong attraction towards them. This situation is a classic example of:

a)

Overconfidence bias

b)

Anchoring bias

c)

Misattribution of arousal

d)

Reactance theory

11.

Maya is reflecting on her own thoughts, feelings, and experiences. She is trying to understand what makes her unique. What is Maya focusing on?

a)

How others describe us

b)

Our public image only

c)

The set of beliefs and knowledge we have about ourselves

d)

Our self-esteem at a specific moment

12.

Rohan describes himself as a friend, musician, student, and employee. This demonstrates high:

a)

Self-esteem

b)

Self-complexity

c)

Self-monitoring

d)

Cognitive dissonance

13.

Michael feels guilty for not studying as much as he believes he should. Which situation does this best illustrate?

a)

Actual–ideal discrepancy

b)

Actual-ought discrepancy

c)

No discrepancy

d)

Self-affirmation

14.

Ava accidentally spills coffee on her shirt before a meeting and feels like everyone in the room will notice and judge her for it. This tendency to overestimate how much others notice our mistakes or appearance is called the:

a)

Actor-observer bias

b)

Spotlight effect

c)

False uniqueness effect

d)

Fundamental attribution error

15.

At a community meeting, Maya talks about her commitment to honesty and always doing the right thing, hoping others will see her as a person of strong moral character. Which self-presentation strategy is Maya using?

a)

Supplication

b)

Exemplification

c)

Ingratiation

d)

Intimidation

16.

Emma has a pet dog. An attitude includes affective, behavioral, and cognitive components. Which best represents the affective component?

a)

Feeling happy when you see your pet dog

b)

Deciding to walk your dog daily

c)

Believing dogs make good companions

d)

Remembering facts about dog breeds

17.

Grace is considering whether to start a daily jogging routine. According to the theory of planned behavior, what will most directly predict whether Grace actually begins jogging?

a)

A. Attitudes and past behavior

b)

B. Personality and emotions

c)

C. Behavioral intentions

d)

D. Observational learning

18.

Charlotte is thinking about buying a new laptop. She carefully evaluates the evidence, such as reading reviews and comparing specifications, before making her decision. What type of processing is Charlotte using?

a)

Peripheral route processing

b)

Central route processing

c)

Operant learning

d)

Classical conditioning

19.

David is caught cheating on a test and justifies his actions by saying, “everyone else does it.” This is an example of:

a)

Cognitive dissonance

b)

Self-serving bias

c)

Fundamental attribution error

d)

Diffusion of responsibility

20.

Benjamin hears a persuasive advertisement from a source he knows is unreliable. Months later, he finds himself agreeing with the message, even though he forgot where he heard it. Which finding supports this effect?

a)

A. A persuasive message becomes more effective over time as people forget its unreliable source

b)

B. Immediate attitude change occurs only with credible speakers

c)

C. Emotional appeals have stronger short-term effects

d)

D. Weak messages can never produce lasting change

21.

At a networking event, Nora observes a group of people for just a few seconds and is able to accurately guess who is the team leader based on their brief interactions. This is an example of a “thin-slice” judgment. Why are such judgments often surprisingly accurate?

a)

A. People can extract useful social cues from brief behaviors

b)

B. Longer interactions are always less accurate

c)

C. Snap judgments ignore emotional information

d)

D. Intuition is always superior to reason

22.

Grace is always late to meetings at work, regardless of who is present or what the meeting is about. According to Kelley’s Covariation Model, which pattern suggests a dispositional (internal) attribution for Grace’s behavior?

a)

A. High consistency, low distinctiveness, low consensus

b)

B. High consistency, high distinctiveness, high consensus

c)

C. Low consistency, high distinctiveness, high consensus

d)

D. High distinctiveness, low consistency, high consensus

23.

When Aiden sees a coworker arrive late to a meeting, he immediately assumes it’s because the coworker is lazy, rather than considering that there might have been heavy traffic. What cognitive bias is Aiden displaying?

a)

The fundamental attribution error

b)

The self-serving bias

c)

The false consensus effect

d)

Defensive attribution

24.

Mia sees someone win a scholarship and thinks, “Good things happen to good people.” This belief reflects:

a)

The false uniqueness bias

b)

The just-world hypothesis

c)

The actor-observer effect

d)

Group attribution error

25.

Evelyn often finds herself analyzing the motives behind her friends' actions and enjoys drawing inferences about what others might be thinking. Evelyn likely has a:

a)

Fixed mindset

b)

High need for cognition

c)

High external locus of control

d)

Low self-monitoring level

26.

Kai notices that everyone in his group of friends starts wearing a particular style of jacket. Even though he wasn't interested in that style before, he decides to start wearing it too. Which statement best captures the essence of Kai's behavior?

a)

Adjusting behavior or beliefs to align with group norms

b)

Yielding to direct orders from authority

c)

Attempting to change another person’s beliefs

d)

Rejecting group expectations entirely

27.

Noah is in a new science class and is unsure about the correct lab procedure. He observes his classmates to figure out what to do. This is an example of:

a)

Normative influence

b)

Informational influence

c)

Compliance

d)

Obedience

28.

At work, Kai notices that his colleagues often follow Elijah's suggestions, not because Elijah has authority or offers rewards, but because they admire him and want to be like him. According to French and Raven, which power base is Elijah using?

a)

Coercive power

b)

Reward power

c)

Legitimate power

d)

Referent power

e)

Expert power

29.

At a local community center, Hannah is chosen to lead a team for a fundraising event. According to Fiedler’s Contingency Model, Hannah’s success as a leader depends on:

a)

The leader’s charisma and confidence

b)

The group’s size and diversity

c)

How well the leader’s style fits situational demands

d)

The leader’s level of intelligence

30.

When Abigail is told by her parents not to stay out late, she becomes even more determined to do so. This behavior is an example of:

a)

Normative influence

b)

Groupthink

c)

Psychological reactance

d)

Deindividuation