__________ believed that love is the guiding principle for human freedom, inviting rather than commanding.

__________ viewed freedom as connected to love, emphasizing that true love invites rather than commands.

__________ stated that “to act in bad faith is to allow others to choose for you.”

The Filipino value that refers to repaying those who have helped us as a manifestation of gratitude is __________.

The belief that people have no true control because actions are dictated by fate is called __________.

The concept that values mutual support between individual and community needs is known as __________.

The type of value that is pursued for its own sake, such as knowledge or happiness, is called __________.

The philosopher who believed that humans find meaning in relationships rather than isolation is __________.

The philosophical term that refers to mutual recognition of each person as a subject, not an object, is __________.

The philosopher known for the Theory of Communicative Action is __________.

The claim in Habermas’s theory that ensures statements align with moral norms or appropriateness is called __________.

The Filipino value that emphasizes independence or self-sufficiency is __________.

The period of European history referred to as the “Dark Ages” is the __________.

The social system that dominated the Medieval Period was known as __________.

The shift from agrarian to industrial society changed the measure of value from land ownership to __________.

The legal criterion for declaring death under the Organ Donation Act of 1991 is the complete loss of all __________.

The philosopher who saw suffering as a necessary step toward self-fulfillment is __________.

The philosopher who believed that suffering arises from human desire is __________.

The philosopher who introduced the concept of secondary reflection, emphasizing meaning through relationships, is __________.

Jean-Paul Sartre believed that human freedom is predetermined by external forces.

St. Thomas Aquinas connected human freedom with divine love, which invites rather than commands.

According to Aristotle, individuals are not responsible for their deliberate actions.

Fatalism supports the belief that humans have total control over their destinies.

Gabriel Marcel believed that life’s fullness comes from living beyond oneself and connecting with others.

The Filipino value “utang na loob” reflects gratitude and reciprocity.

According to Habermas, mutual understanding in communication requires truthfulness, comprehensibility, and rightness.

The validity claim of “truth” refers to moral acceptability rather than factual accuracy.

Intersubjectivity refers to treating others as objects rather than subjects.

Nozick’s concept of instrumental value means doing something because it leads to another valuable end.

Rousseau supported Hobbes’ belief that absolute monarchy ensures peace and equality.

The “Dark Ages” is another term for the Enlightenment Period.

Feudalism was a system in which land was exchanged for protection and loyalty.

Industrialization shifted the value system toward economic power and consumerism.

Nietzsche viewed human suffering as meaningless and to be avoided.

Schopenhauer believed that human desire is the root cause of suffering.

The legal definition of death includes a temporary cessation of breathing.

Marcel’s “secondary reflection” encourages individuals to seek meaning through relationships and love.

Habermas’s theory promotes competitive dialogue to assert one’s viewpoint.

The Christian concept of eternal life differs from Plato’s theory because it includes the resurrection of the body.