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Worksheets527 AMR Mechanisms
Total questions: 10
Worksheet time: 5mins
Which of the following best describes the action of β-lactamases in resistant bacteria?
Blocking ribosomal binding of aminoglycosides
Hydrolysing the β-lactam ring of antibiotics
Modifying cell wall porins to reduce permeability
Methylating the 23S rRNA subunit
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) primarily confer resistance to which class of antibiotics?
Macrolides
Aminoglycosides
Third-generation cephalosporins
Glycopeptides
Resistance to macrolides and lincosamides most commonly occurs through:
Increased efflux of the antibiotic
Ribosomal methylation of the 23S rRNA subunit
Synthesis of modified PBPs
Enzymatic hydrolysis by β-lactamase
Which mechanism is most associated with tetracycline resistance?
Ribosomal protection or efflux pump synthesis
Production of altered PBPs
Methylation of the 16S rRNA subunit
Inactivation by acetyltransferase enzymes
Quinolone resistance in Gram-negative bacteria primarily results from:
Alteration of topoisomerase IV
Mutation in DNA gyrase and reduced porin OmpF expression
Increased production of β-lactamase
Methylation of ribosomal RNA
Aminoglycoside resistance commonly involves:
A. Aminoglycoside acetyltransferases
B. Efflux of the antibiotic via transporters
C. Modified lipid membrane structures
D. Reduced DNA gyrase affinity
Which of the following is an example of a metabolic bypass mechanism?
Synthesis of a new dipeptide terminus in enterococci
Synthesis of an alternative dihydropteroate synthetase
Methylation of rRNA to prevent macrolide binding
Decrease in outer membrane porin expression
The formation of a D-alanyl-D-lactate terminus confers resistance to:
Penicillin
Streptogramin B
Vancomycin
Ceftriaxone
Plasmid-mediated integrons primarily contribute to resistance by:
Hydrolysing β-lactams
Integrating gene cassettes carrying resistance genes
Blocking cell wall permeability
Protecting ribosomal subunits from translation inhibition
According to antimicrobial stewardship principles in the lecture, which is a key programme goal?
Promote higher antibiotic doses to overcome resistance
Delay treatment until infection worsens
Promote optimal selection, dose, frequency, and duration
Restrict use of all β-lactam antibiotics
