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WorksheetsModule 4 Review-EMT II
Total questions: 80
Worksheet time: 40mins
The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:
the way in which traumatic injuries occur
a predictable pattern that leads to serious injuries
your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries
the detection of less obvious life threatening injuries
When assessing the interior of a crashed motor vehicle for damage, you are gathering information regarding the:
index of suspicion
mechanism of injury
kinetic energy
potential energy
Force acting over a distance is the definition of:
work
latent energy
kinetic energy
potential energy
The energy of a moving object is called:
latent energy
kinetic energy
potential energy
converted energy
When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy:
doubles
triples
quadruples
is not affected
If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should:
suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma.
transport the survivors only if they have injuries or complain of pain
allow the survivors to refuse transport if they have no obvious injuries
rapidly assess only the survivors who have experienced obvious trauma.
Airbags are designed to:
prevent a second collision inside the car
be used with or without a shoulder harness.
decrease the severity of deceleration injuries.
prevent the driver from sustaining head trauma.
Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to:
determine the vehicle’s speed at the time of impact.
assess the severity of the third collision of the crash.
recognize if the driver hit the brakes before impact.
identify contact points and predict potential injuries.
A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she:
is wearing only a lap belt.
remains within the vehicle.
experiences multiple impacts
is ejected or partially ejected.
Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT:
the speed of the fall.
the surface struck.
the height of the fall.
the primary impact point.
When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that:
osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position.
any fall in the elderly is considered to be high-energy trauma.
elderly patients who fall usually have a secondary head injury
bilateral hip fractures usually occur when an elderly person falls.
The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as:
captivation
cavitation
congruent
conversion
When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should:
use a demand valve to ventilate the patient.
suspect an accompanying cardiac tamponade
avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure
administer large amounts of intravenous fluid
Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma?
Intravenous fluid administration
Early administration of oxygen
Elevation of the lower extremities
Rapid transport to a trauma center
In contrast to a Level III trauma center, a Level I trauma center must:
be involved in trauma prevention programs
have general surgeons in-house 24 hours a day.
have access to an emergency physician within 30 minutes.
be able to stabilize patients before transferring to a higher level facility.
Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma?
Dismounted seats
Steering wheel collapse
Intrusion into the vehicle
Deployment of the airbag
Which of the following would MOST likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash?
Collapsed dashboard
Deformed steering wheel
Caved-in passenger door
Intrathoracic hemorrhage
Internal injuries caused by gunshot wounds are difficult to predict because:
the caliber of the bullet is frequently unknown
the area of damage is usually smaller than the bullet
the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body
exit wounds caused by the bullet are usually small.
Signs of a pulmonary blast injury include:
vomiting blood
coughing up blood
an irregular pulse
multiple rib fractures
According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he or she:
was involved in a motor vehicle crash in which another patient in the same vehicle was killed
has a systolic blood pressure of less than 110 mm Hg or a heart rate greater than 110 beats/min
has a bleeding disorder or takes anticoagulant medications and has any blunt or penetrating injury
has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma
Shock is the result of:
hypoperfusion to the cells of the body
the body’s maintenance of homeostasis
temporary dysfunction of a major organ
widespread constriction of the blood vessels
Capillary sphincters are:
under complete control of the voluntary portion of the nervous system
capable of dilating in order to increase perfusion to crucial body organs
responsible for constricting to compensate for decreased cell perfusion
circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through the capillaries
One of the primary waste products of normal cellular metabolism that must be removed from the body by the lungs is:
lactic acid
carbon dioxide
pyruvic acid
carbon monoxide
Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock?
Liver laceration
Cardiac tamponade
Simple pneumothorax
Spinal cord injury
Which of the following clinical signs is unique to anaphylactic shock?
Pallor
Dizziness
Wheezing
Hypotension
Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of:
plasma
platelets
whole blood
red blood cells
Neurogenic shock occurs when:
failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation
the spinal cord is severed and causes massive hemorrhaging
there is too much blood to fill a smaller vascular container
massive vasoconstriction occurs distal to a spinal cord injury
In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by:
hypovolemia
tachycardia
diaphoresis
hypothermia
Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT:
cool and clammy skin
absent peripheral pulses
restlessness or anxiety
rapid, shallow breathing
Which of the following patients is in decompensated shock?
a 20 year old female with absent radial pulses and dilated pupils
a 23 year old restless male with cool, clammy skin and tachycardia
a 28 year old female with pale skin and rapid, shallow respirations
a 32 year old male with anxiety and a systolic bp of 110 mmHg
Which of the following would MOST likely result in hemorrhagic shock?
severe vomiting
liver laceration
excessive sweating
repeated diarrhea
All of the following conditions should make you suspect shock, EXCEPT:
anaphylaxis
spinal injury
severe infection
ischemic stroke
A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should:
apply pressure to the brachial artery
apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist
administer high flow O2
wrap the towl with pressure bandages
To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as:
the skin
the heart
the brain
the lungs
Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during:
septic shock
neurogenic shock
cardiogenic shock
anaphylactic shock
Cardiogenic shock may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:
heart attack
increased afterload
increased preload
poor contractility
Distributive shock occurs when:
an injury causes restriction of the heart muscle and impairs its pumping function
severe bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to the organs faster
temporary but severe vasodilation causes a decrease in blood supply to the brain
widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds
A 70-year-old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and a blood pressure of 90/64 mm Hg. Her skin is hot and moist. You should be MOST suspicious that she is experiencing:
septic shock
pump failure
a local infection
decompensated shock
Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct?
Anaphylactic shock occurs immediately after a person is sensitized to an allergen.
Sensitized people will experience less severe reactions upon subsequent exposure.
Anaphylactic shock is caused by immune system failure due to a toxic exposure
Subsequent exposure after sensitization often produces a more severe reaction.
Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent death from a tension pneumothorax?
early administration of high flow O2
rapid administration of IV fluids
decompression of the injured side of the chest
positive pressure ventilation with a bag valve mask
Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?
scalp
back
ears
soles of feet
What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?
dermis
epidermis
muscular layer
subcutaneous layer
All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, except for the:
lips
nose
anus
mouth
Functions of the skin include all of the following, except:
maintenance of water balance
regulation of body temperature
the production of key antibodies
sending information to the brain
A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n):
abrasion
contusion
hematoma
crush injury
A hematoma develops when:
small amounts of blood leak into the epidermis
large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged
severe swelling compromises arterial circulation
cells and small vessels in the dermis are damaged
When assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is most important to:
manipulate the injury site for signs of a fracture
assess circulation distal to the site of the injury.
remain alert for more severe underlying injuries.
recognize that the integrity of the skin is broken.
An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, resulting in complete detachment or a flap of skin, is called a(n):
incision
avulsion
laceration
amputation
An abdominal evisceration:
is most commonly the result of blunt force trauma.
should be covered with bulky dry, sterile dressings.
often causes severe hypothermia because of heat loss.
occurs when organs protrude through an open wound.
In addition to severe bleeding, the most life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:
an air embolism
a spinal fracture
an ischemic stroke
nerve fiber damage
In contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human:
is usually less severe because the human mouth is cleaner.
typically results in a minor infection that is slow-spreading
carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses.
is associated with a much higher incidence of rabies infection
A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a:
full thickness burn
superficial burn
second degree burn
partial thickness burn
A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the:
epidermis
fatty layer
muscle fascia
dermal layer
Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct?
A child’s head is equal to 14% of his or her total body surface area
The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the body surface area
The posterior of a child’s leg is equal to 13.5% of the body surface area.
The anterior arm in the adult is equal to 9% of the total body surface area.
When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should:
deactivate the chemical with a 5% vinegar solution
quickly irrigate the arm with large amounts of water
use forceful streams of water to remove the chemical
brush away the chemical before flushing with water
When treating a partial-thickness burn, you should:
immerse the affected part in warm water.
rupture any blisters to prevent an infection.
cover the burn with a moist, sterile dressing.
avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics.
Functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following, except:
immobilization of the injury
prevention of contamination
protection from further injury
control of external hemorrhage
You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should:
remove the bandage and dressing and apply another one
carefully manipulate her arm until the symptoms subside
assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed
remove the gauze bandage and replace it with an elastic one
In addition to external bleeding, the most significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is:
infection
hypothermia
nerve damage
vessel damage
Which of the following is a severe burn in a 35-year-old patient?
Circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest
Full-thickness burn to 5% of the body surface area
Partial-thickness burn to 20% of the body surface area
Superficial burn covering 50% of the body surface area
Which of the following body systems or components is the least critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?
an effectively pumping heart
an intact system of blood vessels
adequate blood in the vasculature
the filtering of blood cells in the spleen
Capillaries link the arterioles and the:
venules
aorta
veins
cells
Hypoperfusion is another name for:
shock
cyanosis
hypoxemia
cellular death
Perfusion is most accurately defined as the:
effective transfer of oxygen from the venules across the systemic capillary membrane walls.
ability of the systemic arteries to constrict as needed to maintain an adequate blood pressure.
effective removal of carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste products from the body’s cells.
circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body’s metabolic needs.
Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for two to three hours?
brain
heart
kidneys
skeletal muscle
An organ or tissue might better resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:
body’s demand for oxygen is markedly increased.
body’s temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).
systolic arterial blood pressure is at least 60 mm Hg.
heart rate is maintained at more than 100 beats/min
Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.
5%
10%
15%
20%
The ability of a person’s cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is most related to:
his or her baseline blood pressure
the part of the body injured
how rapidly he or she bleeds
how fast his or her heart beats
A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh.
250 mL
500 mL
1 L
2 L
In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding might be:
weakness or dizziness
a low blood pressure
diaphoresis and pale skin
a heart rate over 120 beats/min
Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:
dyspnea
hematuria
hemoptysis
hematemesis
In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:
a rapid, thready pulse
rapid, shallow breathing
dizziness upon standing
a decreasing blood pressure
Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:
elevating the injured extremity
packing the wound with gauze
compressing a pressure point
applying local direct pressure
Which of the following splinting devices would be most appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?
air splint
vacuum splint
sling and swathe
cardboard splint
Bleeding from the nose following head trauma:
is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped
should be controlled by packing the nostril with gauze.
should be assumed to be caused by a fractured septum.
is usually due to hypertension caused by the head injury
Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is most often controlled by:
applying a tourniquet
splinting the extremity
keeping the patient warm
applying a chemical ice pack
Hypovolemic shock occurs when:
the clotting ability of the blood is enhanced.
low fluid volume leads to inadequate perfusion.
the patient’s systolic BP is less than 100 mm Hg.
at least 10% of the patient’s blood volume is lost.
The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, except:
systolic blood pressure
poor general appearance
the mechanism of injury
clinical signs and symptoms
External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because:
veins carry deoxygenated blood
veins hold smaller amounts of blood volume
veins are under a lower pressure
blood typically oozes from a vein
Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:
bruising only
pain and distention
widespread ecchymosis
significant hypotension
