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WorksheetsIntro to Disability Exam II Study Guide
Total questions: 83
Worksheet time: 42mins
What does the federal definition describe as a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes?
A disorder in understanding or using language, spoken or written
A disorder in physical coordination
A disorder in emotional regulation
A disorder in social interaction
Which of the following is NOT included in the federal definition of a learning disorder?
Perceptual disabilities
Dyslexia
Visual or hearing disabilities
Developmental aphasia
According to the federal definition, which condition is included as a learning disorder?
Emotional disturbance
Brain injury
Economic disadvantage
Motor disabilities
According to the NJCLD definition, what are learning disabilities primarily attributed to?
Extrinsic influences
Central nervous system dysfunction
Environmental factors
Poor teaching methods
Which of the following is NOT considered a learning disability according to the NJCLD?
Difficulties in reading
Problems with social interaction
Challenges in mathematical abilities
Issues with reasoning
What does the NJCLD say about the coexistence of learning disabilities with other conditions?
They are always caused by extrinsic influences.
They may coexist but are not caused by those conditions.
They cannot coexist with other conditions.
They are primarily due to environmental factors.
According to the DSM-5, how is a specific learning disorder defined?
As a physical disorder that affects motor skills
As a neurodevelopmental disorder that impedes learning of academic skills
As a psychological disorder that affects emotional regulation
As a behavioral disorder that impacts social interactions
What is a common characteristic of students diagnosed with a specific learning disability?
They perform above average in mathematics
They perform well below average in reading, writing, or mathematics
They excel in all academic areas
They have no difficulties in academic skills
What is a key characteristic of students with perceptual disabilities according to Kephart (1971)?
They see and hear exactly what is shown and said to them.
They make connections between information in a typical way.
Their central nervous system processes information differently.
They have no difficulty in organizing information.
According to the text, how do students with perceptual disabilities perceive information?
They perceive information in the same way as others.
They see and hear exactly what is intended.
They perceive information in a different way than intended.
They have no perception of information.
Which of the following is a common assumption related to intelligence?
Below average intelligence
At least average intelligence
Superior intelligence
No intelligence
What is a common assumption regarding the central nervous system?
Central nervous system enhancement
Central nervous system dysfunction
Central nervous system stability
Central nervous system improvement
Which of the following is considered an intrinsic condition that may lead to underachievement?
Lack of opportunity to learn
Cultural disadvantage
Cognitive/Intellectual disabilities
Economic disadvantage
What is an example of an extrinsic/environmental condition affecting underachievement?
Sensory handicaps
Motivation
Inadequate instruction
Serious emotional disturbance
What does academic underachievement involve?
Achieving beyond potential
Discrepancy between potential and achievement
Consistent high performance
Lack of interest in learning
What is a characteristic of an underachiever?
Achieving above potential
Not achieving to potential
High intrinsic motivation
Consistent high performance
What is a common cause of learning disabilities?
Extrinsic causes
Lack of interest
Intrinsic causes
High IQ
What IQ range is typically associated with a slow learner?
70-80
80-90
90-100
100-110
How does a slow learner differ from an underachiever?
A slow learner has a higher IQ
A slow learner is not an underachiever
A slow learner achieves above potential
A slow learner has extrinsic causes
What is one of the criteria required by most states to receive special education services?
Discrepancy between intelligence and achievement
High achievement in standardized tests
Consistent academic performance
Participation in extracurricular activities
What does the exclusion criterion ensure in the context of receiving services?
The student's difficulties are due to a known condition
The student's difficulties are not due to another known condition
The student excels in all subjects
The student has no learning problems
Why might a student need special education services according to the criteria?
They have minor learning problems
They show specific and severe learning problems
They are above average in intelligence
They have no educational difficulties
What method may schools use instead of the achievement-ability discrepancy to identify learning disabilities according to IDEA 2004?
Response to Intervention (RTI)
Standardized Testing
Teacher Observations
Parental Reports
What happens to students who do not respond to intensive intervention under the RTI method?
They are given additional homework
They are identified as disabled
They are transferred to another school
They are placed in a higher grade
How does the responsiveness to intervention approach change the identification of learning disabilities?
It delays identification until high school
It shifts from a “wait-to-fail” model to early identification and prevention
It focuses solely on teacher evaluations
It eliminates the need for any intervention
What is the main purpose of the Response to Intervention (RTI) approach?
To identify students with learning disabilities by observing their response to instruction
To provide general education to all students
To replace special education services
To focus solely on high-achieving students
According to the premise of RTI, what can reveal a student's learning difficulties?
The student's response to increasingly intensive, scientifically validated instruction
The student's performance in standardized tests
The student's behavior in social settings
The student's attendance record
What is the focus of Tier I in the RTI model?
Special education
Intensive fixed-duration tutoring
Evidence-based curriculum and instruction
Research-validated program
Which tier in the RTI model involves secondary intervention?
Tier I
Tier II
Tier III
Tier IV
In most RTI models, what is Tier III associated with?
General education
Primary prevention
Special education
Evidence-based curriculum
What is one of the benefits of RTI for struggling learners?
Delayed intervention
Early intervention
No intervention
Late intervention
How does RTI affect the number of students referred for special education?
Increases the number
Has no effect
Reduces the number
Doubles the number
What type of data does RTI provide?
Less useful data
Instructionally useful data
Irrelevant data
Random data
What is increased through RTI in terms of instruction?
Uniform instruction
Differentiated instruction
Standardized instruction
Unchanged instruction
Who are diagnosed as LD under RTI?
All students
Students who respond to interventions
Students who fail to respond to multiple levels of intervention
Students with no achievement problems
What is one concern about RTI related to the criteria for determining student response?
Consistent criteria for all students
Inconsistent criteria for determining response
Clear criteria for intervention success
Standardized criteria across schools
How does weak Tier 1 instruction affect students without learning disabilities (LD)?
It accurately identifies them as at risk
It has no effect on their identification
It inaccurately identifies them as at risk
It improves their learning outcomes
What is a consequence of prolonged failure before receiving appropriate instruction in RTI?
Immediate success in learning
Quick identification of learning needs
Delayed intervention and support
Consistent application of strategies
What issue arises from the inconsistent application of RTI across schools?
Uniform success in student outcomes
Varied effectiveness in interventions
Standardized teaching methods
Equal resource allocation
What is often the status of the cause in most cases of learning disabilities?
Known
Unknown
Genetic
Biochemical
Which technology is mentioned as being used to study brain differences in individuals with dyslexia?
MRI
Neuroimaging
CT Scan
Ultrasound
What should educators refrain from doing regarding theories linking learning disabilities to brain dysfunction?
Supporting them
Ignoring them
Placing too much emphasis
Teaching them
What evidence is growing regarding the cause of dyslexia and reading disabilities?
Environmental factors
Genetic links
Nutritional deficiencies
Educational methods
How do most professionals view biochemical imbalance as a cause of learning disabilities?
Highly credible
Somewhat credible
Little credence
Completely credible
Which of the following factors is likely to contribute to achievement deficits in children?
Access to quality education
Impoverished living conditions
High parental involvement
Advanced learning materials
What does the tendency for learning disabilities to run in families suggest?
A genetic cause for learning disabilities
A correlation between environmental influences and school achievement
The importance of early childhood education
The role of nutrition in cognitive development
How does the quality of instruction impact a child's development?
It has no significant impact
It only affects social skills
It influences early development and achievement
It is less important than family background
Which of the following is a classification of learning disabilities?
Listening Comprehension
Visual Arts
Physical Education
Music Theory
What classification of learning disabilities involves difficulties with understanding spoken language?
Oral expression
Basic reading skills
Listening Comprehension
Mathematics reasoning
Which classification of learning disabilities is related to challenges in performing mathematical operations?
Written expression
Mathematics calculation
Reading comprehension
Oral expression
What classification of learning disabilities involves challenges in expressing thoughts in writing?
Oral expression
Written expression
Basic reading skills
Mathematics reasoning
What percentage of children identified with learning disabilities are referred due to reading problems?
75%
50%
90%
45.1%
Which of the following is a common deficit in students with learning disabilities related to written language?
Numerical reasoning
Phonological awareness
Communication of ideas
Social skills
What percentage of students with learning disabilities have social skills deficits?
90%
50%
75%
45.1%
What is the comorbidity percentage between learning disabilities and ADHD?
90%
50%
75%
45.1%
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a difficulty experienced by students with learning disabilities?
Reading problems
High self-esteem
Behavioral problems
Attention deficits
Which of the following is considered an additional difficulty in learning?
Time management
Learning strategies
Language skills
Social interaction
What is a key aspect of self-regulation in learning?
Coordination
Organization
Creativity
Memory
Which skill is related to perceptual and motor skills?
Reading comprehension
Spatial orientation
Numerical calculation
Verbal communication
What is a red flag for learning disabilities?
Advanced reading skills
Difficulty with time concepts
High mathematical ability
Strong memory retention
What is a defining characteristic of learning disabilities despite adequate overall intelligence?
Severe low achievement despite effective instruction
High achievement with minimal instruction
Average achievement with specialized instruction
No achievement deficits
How does the difference between expected and actual performance in students with learning disabilities change over time?
It remains the same
It decreases
It grows larger
It disappears
What is a common experience for children with learning disabilities who cannot read at grade level?
Temporary difficulties
Substantial and pervasive difficulties
No difficulties
Minor difficulties
During the 2018–2019 school year, what percentage of students with learning disabilities (LD) were educated in general education classrooms?
50%
72%
21%
4.7%
What role does a consultant teacher play in educational placement options for students with learning disabilities?
Provides direct instruction to students in separate classrooms
Supports regular classroom teachers working with students with LD
Manages resource rooms for individualized instruction
Conducts research on inclusive classrooms
What percentage of students with learning disabilities spend 20%-60% of their day in a resource room?
72%
50%
21%
4.7%
What is the primary responsibility of a special education teacher in a separate classroom setting?
Conducting research on academic achievement
Providing all education programming for 8–12 students with LD
Supporting regular classroom teachers
Managing inclusive classrooms
Under what condition should a student be placed in a separate classroom?
When they request it
After legitimate and supported attempts in less restrictive environments have proven unsuccessful
When they fail a test
Immediately upon enrollment
What percentage of children with disabilities receive services under the LD category?
25%
38%
50%
60%
In the 2018-2019 school year, how many students aged 6-21 received special education under the LD category?
1.5 million
2.38 million
3 million
4 million
What is the ratio of males to females with LD?
2:1
3:1
4:1
5:1
What percentage of the total school-age population is represented by those receiving services under the LD category?
2.5%
3.6%
4.5%
5.6%
Which of the following factors has contributed to the increase in the prevalence of learning disabilities (LD)?
Decreased awareness
Stricter eligibility criteria
Improved identification procedures
Lack of social acceptance
What role do court orders play in the evaluation of minority children for learning disabilities?
They eliminate the need for reevaluation
They require reevaluation
They prevent reevaluation
They have no impact on reevaluation
How do laws impact the determination of severity in learning disabilities?
Laws clearly define the severity
Laws do not state how severe the discrepancy should be
Laws prevent any discrepancy
Laws mandate a fixed severity level
How do states and school districts determine program eligibility for learning disabilities?
They follow a national standard
They develop their own procedures and guidelines
They use a universal test
They rely on federal guidelines only
What is one of the key components of explicit instruction?
Use of mnemonics
Provide models of proficient performance
Use of graphic organizers
Task-specific strategies
Which educational approach involves using graphic organizers and visual displays?
Explicit Instruction
Content Enhancements
Learning Strategies
Direct Teaching
In learning strategies, what do students use to guide themselves through a task?
Guided notes
Task-specific strategies
Frequent feedback
Practice opportunities
What educational approach focuses on connecting new information with what students already know?
Primed Background Knowledge
Judicious Review
Big Ideas
Conspicuous Strategies
Which approach is likely to involve reviewing material in a thoughtful and deliberate manner?
Strategic Integration
Judicious Review
Mediated Scaffolding
Big Ideas
What does the "S" in SQ3R stand for?
Study
Survey
Search
Summarize
Which step in the SQ3R method involves asking questions about the material?
Survey
Question
Recite
Review
