Which of the following theoretical approaches includes stimulus-response associations made by the learner?

Which of the following is most often considered atypical behavior in a 4‑year‑old?

Ms. Dackrey, a fourth-grade inclusion teacher, just finished reading Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone with her students. She groups students by learning styles and assigns each group different tasks. This strategy is best described as

Which of the following will best help a kindergarten teacher determine the skills to be taught before the end of each grading period?

Which of the following is the most appropriate way to teach the concept of comparing numbers and quantities to first-grade students with learning disabilities?

Which of the following would be most indicative of a receptive language disorder?

Which of the following is most associated with seizures?

Amber was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at the age of seven. The local school district decided to place Amber in a private school for children with ASD even though the family did not agree with the decision. Which of the following actions is the most appropriate for the family to take?

Which of the following statements best describes the practice of gentle teaching?

Students in Mr. Steeger’s first-grade class are often asked to participate in classroom decisions. They recently voted on where in the classroom to place a new plant and which book to read during a read-aloud. Which of the following is the most likely benefit to students of this type of classroom?

Kayla is a third-grade student who has been struggling academically and has started acting defiantly and refusing to complete assignments. Her parents suspect that she has a learning disability. Which of the following professionals is most likely to administer the assessments to evaluate Kayla?

A kindergarten teacher uses counters to show her students how to sort by color. After several rounds of guided practice, the students are asked to place the red counters in a cup and the green counters in a bag. What evaluation technique is the teacher using to test the students’ understanding of the concept?

John is a new second-grade student in a special education class. He has a Section 504 accommodation plan because he frequently has seizures. John just had a tonic-clonic seizure in the classroom. Which of the following steps should the special education teacher take first?

Lynne, a second-grade student with a learning disability, is significantly below grade level in the area of reading. Which of the following reading strategies is most likely to help Lynne improve her reading skills?

A severe visual impairment is most likely to affect a child’s development in which of the following ways?

Timmy has been diagnosed with learning disabilities in mathematics and reading. He is a pleasant student who works slowly and has poor working memory. He is unable to complete required state assessments in the recommended time.

Ms. Parkton, a special education teacher, collects artifacts of her primary students’ work in reading and writing to monitor their progress and identify growth, strengths, and needs. Which of the following best characterizes the type of evaluation that Ms. Parkton is using by monitoring students’ progress as described above?

A second-grade special education teacher plans an activity in which students must measure various objects in the classroom using a ruler and then record their measurements in inches. The teacher collects the recording sheets to grade them. Which of the following best describes this kind of assessment?

Sarah, a third-grade student, has been arguing with her teacher and occasionally throwing objects at her classmates. Sarah's teacher talks to her to find out the cause of such behavior in order to help her develop self-control and plan for more appropriate behaviors in the class. Which of the following models would best reflect on this technique to manage student behavior?

Chung, a 7-year-old student with a learning disability, is learning to spell words with consonant blends. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step for the teacher to use to help Chung develop his reading skills?

Marta is a second grader with a specific learning disability (SLD) in mathematics who uses immature problem-solving procedures for simple arithmetic problems. Which of the following statements is most likely to be included in her IEP?

Developing a step-by-step approach for students to help them master the concept of two-digit by two-digit multiplication is best described by which of the following terms?

One difference between an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) and an IEP is that the IFSP

Sergio is a 5-year-old child who was recently adopted from Russia. Which of the following should the teacher expect when assessing the child’s readiness for kindergarten?

Ms. Brantley, a special education teacher, wants to establish consistent communication with her students’ parents in order to share information about each student’s progress and needs. Which of the following will best support Ms. Brantley’s communication initiative?

Ms. Simon’s second-grade class is learning about life cycles in science. She acts as a facilitator while the students work independently to create a diagram of the butterfly life cycle that includes labels using specific vocabulary associated with the cycle. Which of the following best describes the instructional strategy Ms. Simon is implementing during science class?

Which of the following best demonstrates Glasser’s lead teacher concept?

Visual schedules are a beneficial strategy to use with a student with an autism spectrum disorder because they

The most common defining problem for individuals with learning disabilities is

Mary is 10 years old and has a mild learning disability in reading. As part of her language arts literacy class, she reads aloud to first-grade students and helps them learn to write simple sentences.Which of the following is the most likely benefit to Mary of tutoring a younger child?

The principle of a performance-based assessment is best illustrated by which of the following?

Which of the following is the most appropriate use of assistive technology that a teacher can implement for a student with low vision?

What is the main purpose of mediation according to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) ?

Mr. Whyte uses an overhead projector to show his first-grade class how to form their letters correctly using the lines on the paper. Which of the following techniques best describes Mr. Whyte’s teaching strategy?

Which of the following is the most appropriate use for a functional behavioral assessment (FBA) ?

Which of the following correctly defines the term “de-escalation”?

Danielle is a fifth-grade student in an inclusion classroom. She has not completed her homework for three days in a row.Which of the following actions is most appropriate to address this issue?

The technique of guided practice is best demonstrated by a teacher who

Which of the following best identifies ongoing assessments used to adjust instruction immediately based on student need?

What is the time frame in which a conference needs to be scheduled to discuss a child transitioning out of early intervention (EI) services?

Which of the following describes an advantage for teachers of using small-group instruction with students in a second-grade reading classroom?

Riley is a fifth-grade student with an intellectual disability receiving instruction in an inclusive setting with the support of a special education teacher. She enjoys eating lunch with her classmates but has difficulty interacting appropriately with peers. Riley often becomes frustrated and upset when she is unable to talk about her favorite topics with her peers. Which of the following strategies will best promote success for Riley in the lunchroom setting?

Alec is three years old and enrolled in a public preschool for children with disabilities. He has difficulty controlling crayons, pencils, and scissors and coloring within the lines.Which of the following actions should the teacher do before requesting a referral?

Under Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, schools are required to

Jason, a student classified with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), enters kindergarten with no spoken language skills. His parents indicate that they know what he wants and do not have any difficulty communicating with him. In school, however, Jason gets frustrated when he does not get what he wants. He often throws toys or lies down on the floor and cries. Which of the following actions is most likely to help Jason's teacher enhance his communication skills in class?

Which of the following accommodations is most beneficial for a student with a learning disability in the area of writing?

Michael, Alexis, and James are first-grade students with learning disabilities in an inclusion classroom learning to add numbers up to twenty. They were able to follow along actively when solving problems as a whole class using manipulatives but not when using number lines. Which of the following best demonstrates adjusting instruction based on individual need?

Ms. Derek, a fourth-grade special education teacher, needs to determine if her students can demonstrate sufficient mastery of multiplication facts and processes before teaching the students about division. Which of the following types of assessment is Ms. Derek most likely to use to determine whether or not she should begin teaching division?

Cedric is a fourth grader who is having difficulty keeping up with reading tasks. His parents want to know more about possible special education services. They have made an appointment with Cedric’s teacher and the special education teacher who works with fourth-grade students. The likely first step the school will take is

Teaching the meanings of vocabulary terms as they relate to the story, characters, and setting is most likely related to which area of reading?

Marcus, an 8-year-old boy with a specific learning disability (SLD), has difficulty with learning addition and subtraction facts, simple word problems, and games that require logical reasoning. Which of the following disorders is described above?

Billy is a fifth-grade student who is classified with a specific learning disability in reading. He reads each word slowly but correctly and often fails to comprehend what he reads. However, when he listens to someone else read, he is able to answer grade-level comprehension questions. Intensive training in the use of which of the following strategies is most likely to help Billy better understand what he reads?

Elaine is 3 years old. She exhibits age-appropriate motor skills, but her parents express concern that she does not answer questions verbally; she only points and nods or shakes her head. Which of the following actions is a preschool teacher's best initial response to the situation?

Which of the following is the most common identifier of a specific learning disability in a school-age student?

In a preschool classroom, Christopher is building a castle in the block area while sitting near another student, Bethany. Suddenly, Bethany grabs a block from the middle of Christopher's castle, causing it to fall down. To best prevent a similar event from occurring in the future, Bethany’s teacher should help Bethany learn which of the following social skills?

Joseph is a three-year-old child enrolled in the local preschool program. His teacher observes that he does not like to play with his peers and does not have any friends in the class. He exhibits a fear of group activities; for example, he yells and pulls away when his teacher takes him by the hand to lead him toward the other children who are sitting on the mat. If the teacher insists that he participate and firmly guides him closer, Joseph starts breathing heavily and throws up. Given the information provided, which of the following categories would most likely be found on Joseph's IEP?

Which of the following uses observations from a functional behavioral analysis (FBA) to prescribe strategies for managing behavior?

Which of the following best describes why a functional curriculum works well with students who have severe intellectual disabilities?

Which of the following is the first federal law to mandate practices to ensure that students with disabilities receive a free and appropriate public education?

Since kindergarten, Simon has preferred being alone and frequently talks to himself. In first grade, he argued with his teachers and refused to do any assignments. In second grade, soon after his parents’ divorce, Simon started displaying aggressive behaviors such as kicking and pushing his peers. Simon’s behavior was recently identified as characteristic of an emotional behavioral disorder (EBD). Which of the following is the most likely explanation for Simon’s classification of EBD?

Justin, a 7-year-old boy with an emotional behavioral disorder (EBD), talks continually to himself, yells at his peers, and disrupts the class during lessons. Which of the following behavior interventions is most likely to benefit Justin?

Jill is a four-year-old child. Her mother has taught her how to brush her hair. Today, her mother gave her a new brush and told Jill it was for her hair. Jill immediately began to brush her hair.Jill’s action is best described as an

A resource room teacher is most likely to ask an occupational therapist for help with

Which of the following options best describes the goal of using criterion-referenced tests in the classroom?

Which of the following is the best justification for using a specific research-based reading intervention with a student population that is reading well below grade level?

Which of the following groups is most responsible for determining educational principles, developing learning experiences, and implementing effective instructional strategies?

Carol is a 4-year-old girl who had a mild traumatic brain injury right after birth. Carol did not begin speaking until after her third birthday. She has difficulty understanding what others say and communicating her needs. Her fine and gross motor skills are age appropriate, as are her height and weight. Her favorite game is playing hide-and-seek, which she plays with her brothers. Which of the following most accurately describes the symptoms listed above?

Which of the following accommodations is most likely to help a third-grade student with dyslexia complete a writing assignment?

A functional behavioral assessment (FBA) is conducted on a second-grade student with an emotional behavioral disorder (EBD) who displays disruptive behavior with occasional verbal outbursts. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for the student?

Which of the following is most important for the proper implementation of an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) ?

Ari is a 6-year-old with an orthopedic impairment. Although he currently uses a wheelchair, his IEP goals include related services to help him strengthen his legs in preparation for using a walker. Which of the following individuals will most likely be responsible for providing these services?

Ms. Brown taught a lesson on multiplying two-digit numbers to her students in a self-contained classroom. Then the students completed a math worksheet. Ms. Brown notes that most of the students had more than half the problems incorrect. Which of the following should Ms. Brown do next?

Sheena is a fifth-grade student with a hearing impairment. If an FM system is used in the classroom, which of the following would be the most likely benefit to Sheena?

Raul, a fourth-grade student with an emotional behavioral disorder (EBD), gets easily frustrated when he perceives that a task is too difficult. His frustration leads to self-injurious behavior and hitting others. Which of the following behavioral interventions is most appropriate to immediately address Raul’s behavior?

Which of the following is the most appropriate way to ensure that parents who do not speak English will be able to collaborate successfully at an IEP meeting for their severely disabled child?

John is a student with a specific learning disability (SLD) who is in a third-grade general education class. His decoding and reading comprehension skills are on a second-grade level, and his math skills are on grade level. Which of the following is an appropriate objective for John?

According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), which of the following is one of the major disability categories?

Jen is a toddler who loves to play with the family dog. When the dog leaves the room, Jen begins to cry until the dog returns to play with her. Such behavior is most likely to be associated with