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WorksheetsBiology Ch. 35- Immune System
Total questions: 31
Worksheet time: 16mins
Which is a characteristic of adaptive immunity?
Responses are the same whether or not the pathogen has been encountered previously.
Responses are active immediately upon infection.
It has the ability to detect very specific pathogens.
It is found only in invertebrates.
It is common to all animals.
In humans, the first line of defense against infection is __________.
the skin and mucous membranes
adaptive immunity
the inflammatory response
the cell-mediated response
the humeral response
Phagocytosis is best defined as __________.
the process of activating memory T cells
the fusion of an intracellular vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell
the secretion of antimicrobial peptides
the process by which a cell engulfs and takes up a liquid
the cellular ingestion and digestion of foreign substances
Question 4:In insects, which is analogous to mammalian epithelial tissue, in that it serves as a first line of defense against infection?
lysozymes
the production of chemicals that kill microbes
a chitinous exoskeleton
the production of a distinct class of antimicrobial peptides
hemocytes that engage in phagocytosis
What do macrophages and neutrophils have in common?
They are the two types of phagocytic cells in the mammalian body.
They secrete lysozyme.
They attack virus-infected body cells.
They stimulate antibody production.
They punch a hole in the plasma membrane of the pathogen, causing the cell to burst.
Which statement describes what would most likely happen to microbes in the blood?
They are phagocytosed by dendritic cells.
They are phagocytosed by eosinophils.
They are phagocytosed by natural killer cells.
They are phagocytosed by neutrophils.
They are phagocytosed by macrophages in the spleen.
Chemicals produced by virus-infected cells that alert neighboring cells to prepare a defense are called __________.
antibodies
interferons
antigens
complement proteins
cytokines
If microorganisms penetrate the innate defenses, an inflammatory response may be initiated by the __________.
discharge of cytokines from neutrophils
release of interferon by infected cells
increased blood flow to an infected or injured area
accumulation of phagocytes in an injured area
release of chemicals such as histamine by mast cells
Local swelling, increased blood flow, and fever are all parts of __________.
cell-mediated immunity
active immunity
humoral immunity
passive immunity
an inflammatory response
What is part of the inflammatory response?
production of antibodies
dilation of the capillaries
constriction of the arterioles
production of memory cells
clonal selection of B and T lymphocytes followed by the production of effector cells
Which is an immediate function of histamine?
increasing blood pressure
Nearby blood vessels dilate, becoming more permeable and resulting in an increase of the local blood supply. This causes redness and an increase in temperature.
decreasing the permeability of local capillaries
releasing interferons
causing local arterioles to constrict
Which type of cell is responsible for causing apoptosis in cancer cells and virus-infected cells?
helper T cells
dendritic cells
natural killer cells
plasma cells
None of the choices is correct.
Which choice below describes a function of white blood cells that helps them carry out defensive functions more effectively?
restriction of their movements to regions within the bone marrow or lymph glands
release of clotting factors
synthesis of hemoglobin
release of cytokines
None of the choices is correct.
An adaptive immune response is initiated by the presence of which molecules?
complement
interferon
antigen
antibody
histamine
The body produces antibodies complementary to foreign antigens. The process by which the body comes up with the correct antibodies to a specific invader is most like __________.
going to a tailor and having a suit made to fit you
going to a shoe store and trying on shoes until you find a pair that fits
ordering the lunch special at a restaurant without looking at the menu
picking out a video that you have not seen
selecting a lottery prize winner by means of a random drawing
The antigen-binding sites of an antibody molecule are formed from the molecule's variable regions. Why do we say these regions are called variable?
Their sizes vary considerably from one antibody to another.
Their specific shapes are unimportant.
Their shape is specific to a particular antibody molecule.
They change their shapes when they bind to an antigen.
They can change their shapes to fit different antigens.
Antibodies are in which class of proteins?
transport
enzymatic
structural
receptor
None of the choices is correct.
Once you have been exposed to an antigen, you develop immunity against the same antigen because __________.
antigens are altered so that the invaders can no longer attack your tissues
B cells are stimulated to quickly engulf invaders
antibodies against the disease are constantly circulating in your blood
your innate defenses are strengthened
certain lymphocytes enable the rapid formation of the proper antibodies
In a series of immune system experiments, the thymus glands were removed from baby mice. What would you predict as a likely result?
The mice suffered from autoimmune diseases.
The mice were unable to produce an inflammatory response.
The mice readily accepted tissue transplants.
The mice never developed cancerous tumors.
The mice suffered from numerous allergies.
The proliferation of the B lymphocyte to which a specific antigen binds is referred to as __________.
clonal selection
an activation sequence
an autoimmune response
a cascade mechanism
antigenic determination
B lymphocytes __________.
produce cytokines
stimulate other lymphocytes
multiply and make antibodies that circulate in blood and lymph
attack cells that have been infected by viruses
engulf and destroy bacteria and viruses
Which types of cells initiate a secondary immune response?
effector cells
plasma cells
memory cells
cytotoxic cells
natural killer cells
Our immune system does not usually attack our own healthy tissues because such lymphocytes are __________.
converted into other cells of the immune system
destroyed or rendered nonfunctional
never produced
All of the choices are correct.
None of the choices is correct.
Which cell type carries out humoral immunity?
B cells
T cells
natural killer cells
leukocytes
lymphocytes
What is the role of dendritic cells in the primary immune response?
Dendritic cells secrete cytokines to activate cytotoxic T cells.
Dendritic cells present antigens to activated helper T cells.
Dendritic cells present antigen to, and thus activate, helper T cells.
Dendritic cells present antigen to memory helper T cells.
Dendritic cells discharge destructive enzymes that damage larger parasitic invaders.
A type of cell that makes immunizations effective is the __________.
red blood cell
macrophage
killer T cell
killer B cell
memory B cell
A vaccine may contain __________.
inactivated disease-causing microbes
lymphocyte antigens
antibodies that recognize invading microbes
antibodies that recognize invading microbes
a hormone that boosts immunity
The idea behind vaccination is to induce __________ without requiring the vaccinated individual to get sick.
the primary immune response
nonspecific defenses
inflammation
anaphylactic shock
passive immunity
When searching for a donor for an organ transplant, doctors try to match the __________ of the donor and recipient as closely as possible.
antibodies
cytokines
erythrocytes
MHC proteins
blood type
New flu shots are needed every year to protect against infection because of __________.
direct attack on the immune system
latency
antigenic variation
expiration
None of the choices is correct.
HIV is a dangerous pathogen because __________.
it mutates at a very high rate
the virus evolves within the body
it leads to the loss of T cells
the virus prevents recognition and elimination by the immune system
All of the choices are correct.
