Historical cognition is

One task of historical studies is

One task of historical studies is

Everything that actually happened in the past and exists objectively, independent of anyone’s will, is called

All knowledge, thoughts, and conceptions people have about the past are called

One basic function of History as a discipline is

A basic function of History as a discipline is

The object of study of History is

History as understood by humans is

How do people gain knowledge of historical reality?

Which of the following is one basic task of History?

Knowledge that people have about areas related to history, gained through study, exploration, research, and experience, is called

We need lifelong study of history because historical knowledge

One step in collecting and processing information and sources is

One step in collecting and processing information and sources is

Connecting historical knowledge and lessons to real life mainly means

Historical sources play a bridging role between

History provides people with

Connecting history with life means

Cultural and natural heritage are

What is heritage conservation?

Cultural tourism plays an important role in

Conservation and promotion of the value of natural heritage contribute to

What is the role of cultural history in tourism development?

One of the relationships between History and the work of conserving and promoting the value of heritage is

One role of conserving and promoting the value of cultural and natural heritage is

One role of conserving and promoting the value of cultural heritage is

Recognition (3 × 4 = 12): All material and spiritual values created by humans in the historical process are called

Recognition (3 × 4 = 12): The progress of material and spiritual life of human society, a highly developed state of culture, is called

Recognition (3 × 4 = 12): The achievements of ancient Egyptian civilization were formed and developed associated with which river?

Recognition (3 × 4 = 12): The pyramid is a typical architectural work of which ancient civilization?

Recognition (3 × 4 = 12): The people of India early created their own script, called

Recognition (3 × 4 = 12): Buddhism originated in which country?

Recognition (3 × 4 = 12): Which doctrine became the official ideology of the autocratic monarchy in China?

Recognition (3 × 4 = 12): One famous historical work of China in the ancient–medieval period is

Recognition (3 × 4 = 12): During its existence and development, Chinese civilization adopted Buddhism from which country?

Recognition (3 × 4 = 12): Which ancient people invented the numeral 0?

Recognition (3 × 4 = 12): The ancient Egyptians early created their own writing, called

Recognition (3 × 4 = 12): India is the homeland of which major religions?

Understanding (2 × 4 = 8): Which statement reflects a correct similarity between culture and civilization?

Understanding (2 × 4 = 8): Which field’s achievements of the ancient Egyptians were effectively applied in building the pyramids?

Understanding (2 × 4 = 8): The mathematical achievements of the ancient Egyptians were widely applied to

Understanding (2 × 4 = 8): Indian scripts had a profound influence on the writing systems of many countries in which region?

Understanding (2 × 4 = 8): Which of the following does not correctly reflect the significance of Indian civilization in the ancient–medieval period?

Understanding (2 × 4 = 8): Which statement does not correctly reflect the value of Confucianism in China in the ancient–medieval period?

Understanding (2 × 4 = 8): One major technological invention of the Chinese in the ancient–medieval period was

Understanding (2 × 4 = 8): Which Chinese literary work is a collection of folk poetry and one of the Five Classics of Confucianism?

Read the passage and select all correct statements: In early August 1945, the U.S. military dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This is a historical fact, but up to now, that historical fact still has different perceptions and conflicting evaluations: Viewpoint 1: The U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Japan to end World War II sooner by several months, limiting casualties for the allied forces. Viewpoint 2: The U.S. did not need to drop atomic bombs. That was a war crime and an act of barbarity against humanity. Statements: a) The historical fact is that in early August 1945, the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on two major Japanese cities. b) The perception “The U.S. dropped atomic bombs to limit allied casualties” existed before the event of the U.S. dropping atomic bombs. c) The perception “The U.S. did not need to drop atomic bombs; that was a war crime” arose after the U.S. dropped atomic bombs. d) The event of the U.S. military dropping atomic bombs on Japan is perceived differently and subjectively.

Read the passage and determine which statements are correct based on it: "On September 2, 1945, at Ba Dinh Square (Hanoi), in front of a large crowd, President Ho Chi Minh read the Declaration of Independence, proclaiming the birth of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, marking the victorious culmination of the August 1945 Revolution. Regarding this historical event, there are two opposing viewpoints: The first argues that this result came from a combination of favorable subjective and objective conditions. The second argues that the August Revolution succeeded thanks to luck." Select all correct statements: a) On September 2, 1945, at Ba Dinh Square (Hanoi), President Ho Chi Minh read the Declaration of Independence, marking a historical event. b) Assessing the August Revolution as "the result of a combination of favorable subjective and objective conditions" reflects history as perceived by people. c) One reason for differences in understanding the August 1945 Revolution is that observers have different viewpoints. d) All perceptions of the August 1945 Revolution in Vietnam are objective, truthful, and fully reflect the essence of the event.

Read the passage and determine which statements are correct based on it: "The monument to Chief Lapu-Lapu (Cebu, Philippines) states: At this place on April 27, 1521, Lapu-Lapu and the local people repelled the Spanish invaders of the West and killed the commander Ferdinand Magellan. Therefore, Lapu-Lapu became the first Filipino to defeat a European colonial force. The monument to Magellan (Cebu, Philippines) states: At this place, during one of the battles of the circumnavigation fleet led by Ferdinand Magellan, Magellan died on April 27, 1521. Victoria, one of the ships of the expedition led by Juan Sebastián Elcano, left Cebu on May 1, 1521, and returned to Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Spain) on September 6, 1522, completing the first circumnavigation of the world." Select all correct statements: a) Both monuments refer to the same historical event on April 27, 1521, involving the figures Lapu-Lapu and Magellan. b) According to the Lapu-Lapu monument, the Magellan-led force was an invading army and Lapu-Lapu is a hero who repelled invaders. c) According to the Magellan monument, the Lapu-Lapu force was an invading army and Magellan is a hero who drove out invaders. d) The two monuments differ in sources but share the same worldview and historical perspective.

Read the passage and determine which statements are correct based on it: "Why write a national history? Because history mainly records events. Political matters of a dynasty must be recorded for posterity. Although the chronicle style is dignified and strict, it may be cold and distant; the person compiling must know what to emulate and what to avoid, must understand the stakes, and pay attention to politics rather than trifles. Thus, history is written primarily to serve such purposes." (Preface to the book Đại Việt sử ký bản tục biên, Phạm Công Trứ). Select all correct statements: a) The preface summarizes the contents of a work of literature. b) Pham Cong Trứ asserts that national history is primarily for moral education by exemplars. c) The excerpt provides information about the functions and tasks of historiography. d) The excerpt reflects content unrelated to the concept of history.

Read the passage and determine which statements are correct based on it: "Bình Ngô Đại Cáo was drafted by Nguyễn Trãi in 1428, written in classical Chinese, to proclaim the victory of the Lam Sơn uprising and affirm the independence of Đại Việt. The text has extraordinary value for Literature and History, helping scholars understand the values of space, time, characters, and events in the Lam Sơn uprising." Select all correct statements: a) Bình Ngô Đại Cáo is a text written in classical Chinese during the 15th century. b) Bình Ngô Đại Cáo is a source of great value for history, literature, and intellectual thought. c) The Lam Sơn uprising could only be restored to independence after Bình Ngô Đại Cáo was issued. d) Bình Ngô Đại Cáo is a research subject across multiple academic disciplines.

Read the passage and determine which statements are correct based on it: "The understanding of the object of historical study has changed over time. In premodern Eastern societies, history tended to record the activities of kings and courts. Marxist historiography holds that human society’s history is the history of the masses, the history of modes of production succeeding one another." Select all correct statements: a) From the outset, people correctly recognized the proper objects of historical study. b) In the medieval East, historiography often recorded matters related to kings and courts rather than the masses. c) The object of historical study differs between the premodern and modern periods. d) According to Marxist views, the object of historical study is the totality of past human activity.

Read the passage and determine which statements are correct based on it: "General Võ Nguyên Giáp recounted that, faced with the practical need to take up arms, President Hồ Chí Minh sought a concise history of Vietnam—at that time the only book that systematized the national history entrusted to leaders of the resistance. Not only did it inspire the ancients’ spirit, but through his teaching and ours, it provided us with the knowledge of how to wage war and how to win, providing a foundation for the struggles of the 20th century." Select all correct statements: a) The excerpt emphasizes General Võ Nguyên Giáp’s view of the role of history education in nurturing patriotic traditions among the people. b) Only after obtaining a national history book could the people’s struggle in the 20th century recover the country. c) One function of history mentioned is to help later generations learn valuable experiences for resisting foreign aggression. d) The social function of the national history book mentioned is merely “to compile a concise national history.”

Read the two excerpts and determine which statements are correct based on them: Excerpt 1: “History records events, and whether deeds are good or bad, they serve as admonition for later generations.” (Ngô Sĩ Liên and scholars of the Lê dynasty, Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, vol. I). Excerpt 2: “Our people must know our history in order to understand the origins of our country Vietnam.” (Hồ Chí Minh, Lịch sử nước ta, 1942). Select all correct statements: a) Excerpt 1 reflects both the scientific function (recording events) and the social function (moral admonition) of historiography. b) The clause “whether deeds are good or bad, they serve as admonition for later generations” reflects the task of providing scientific knowledge. c) In Excerpt 2, Hồ Chí Minh encourages people to research and conduct scholarly study of national history. d) The deeper meaning common to both excerpts is the emphasis on the importance of historical knowledge for a nation and a people.

Read the excerpt about Quan họ folk singing and select all statements that are supported by the passage: "Quan họ folk singing is a long-standing form of Vietnamese folk culture. From 49 original villages, there are now 369 Quan họ villages, 381 Quan họ clubs with nearly 10,000 participants of various ages (including about 600 people capable of teaching). Quan họ symbolizes cultural exchange in the process of international integration, spreading across the Kinh Bắc region and many localities in Vietnam, developing strongly among communities in Germany, France, the Czech Republic, Russia, etc. Quan họ has been inscribed by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (2009). Historical studies contribute importantly to the protection and promotion of the values of Quan họ."

Read the excerpt about Venice (Italy) and select all statements that are supported by the passage: "In 1987, UNESCO inscribed the city of Venice and its lagoon on the World Heritage List. Venice is one of the most famous tourist destinations in Europe, a symbolic city with great value for economic, social, and cultural development of Italy. In 2021, UNESCO recommended that the city authorities manage tourism more sustainably. On 13 July 2021, the Italian government banned large cruise ships from entering central Venice to protect the ecosystem and this heritage area."

Read the excerpt about Vietnam’s destinations and select all statements supported by the passage: "Vietnam was chosen as ‘Asia’s Leading Destination for Heritage, Cuisine and Culture’ (2020) and ‘Top Sustainable Tourism Destination in Asia’ (2021) thanks to a nationwide system of historical–cultural sites and diverse natural heritage. Examples include Hanoi’s Old Quarter, the ancient capital of Hoa Lư (Ninh Bình), Hội An Ancient Town (Quảng Nam), and Hạ Long Bay (Quảng Ninh). These places retain historical and cultural imprints systematically and are jointly conserved and scientifically developed by the government and local authorities, alongside research and tourism promotion."

Read the excerpt about the Điện Biên Phủ battlefield relic complex and select all statements supported by the passage: "Điện Biên Phủ is a renowned site in Vietnam’s Northwest. The battlefield complex includes many special festivals and offers advantages for tourism, helping preserve memory and national identity while promoting sustainable socio-economic development. The complex has 45 relic points and was recognized as a Special National Relic in 2009. Tourist sites include hills A1, C1, C2, D1, the command bunker complex, the Điện Biên Phủ Cemetery, Hồng Cúm strongpoint, Him Lam, Độc Lập Hill, and Mường Thanh airfield (now Điện Biên Phủ Airport)."

Read the excerpt about the Taj Mahal and select all statements supported by the passage: "The Taj Mahal was built in the 17th century in Agra and is praised as the ‘pearl of India.’ Mughal emperor Shah Jahan ordered the tomb for his wife Mumtaz Mahal after she died. Construction lasted 22 years (1631–1653). It is considered the most complete model of Mughal architecture in India, synthesizing key elements from Persian, Turkish, Indian, and Islamic styles. The Taj Mahal was inscribed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1983."

Based on the excerpt: "The epic Ramayana has influenced many Southeast Asian countries. Almost every country has a localized version, such as Thailand’s Ramakien, Indonesia’s Kakawin Ramayana, Myanmar’s Yama Zatdaw, Cambodia’s Reamker, Laos’s Phra Lak Phra Ram, and Vietnam’s Dạ Thoa Vương," which statement is accurate?

True or False: The epic Ramayana influenced the folk literature of several Southeast Asian countries.

True or False: The Lao work Phra Lak Phra Lam is a complete and direct transcription of the Ramayana from Sanskrit into ancient Lao script.

Read the excerpt about ancient civilizations in the East and West. Then judge the statement. Excerpt: “In ancient times, the Eastern region formed four major civilizations centered on Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, and China. Natural conditions and settlement along large rivers shaped these civilizations. A Western civilization in the Mediterranean matured later, first in Greece and then Rome, inheriting and developing upon earlier achievements.” Statement: In antiquity, the Eastern region formed all four major civilizations—Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, and China.

Read the excerpt about ancient civilizations in the East and West. Then judge the statement. Excerpt: “In ancient times, the Eastern region formed four major civilizations centered on Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, and China. Natural conditions and settlement along large rivers shaped these civilizations. A Western civilization in the Mediterranean matured later, first in Greece and then Rome, inheriting and developing upon earlier achievements.” Statement: China was the only Eastern civilization to develop continuously from antiquity into the medieval era.

Read the excerpt about ancient civilizations in the East and West. Then judge the statement. Excerpt: “In ancient times, the Eastern region formed four major civilizations centered on Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, and China. Natural conditions and settlement along large rivers shaped these civilizations. A Western civilization in the Mediterranean matured later, first in Greece and then Rome, inheriting and developing upon earlier achievements.” Statement: A common feature of Eastern civilizations is their formation along the basins of large rivers.

Read the excerpt about ancient civilizations in the East and West. Then judge the statement. Excerpt: “In ancient times, the Eastern region formed four major civilizations centered on Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, and China. Natural conditions and settlement along large rivers shaped these civilizations. A Western civilization in the Mediterranean matured later, first in Greece and then Rome, inheriting and developing upon earlier achievements.” Statement: Western civilization arose later than Eastern civilization and entirely inherited all achievements of the East without creating its own.

Read the passage on early writing materials. Passage: “Ancient Egyptians wrote on papyrus, Mesopotamians on wet clay tablets baked dry, and the Chinese on materials such as tortoise plastrons and animal bones; later the Chinese also used bamboo or wood slips. The earliest Chinese oracle bones were scientifically identified in 1899 and are called ‘oracle bone script.’ To date, over 100,000 pieces have been found, with about 4,500 distinct characters, around 1,700 of which can be read. Oracle bone inscriptions are often short, with some longer pieces up to roughly 100 characters.” Judge the statement: Oracle bone script is an achievement of ancient Chinese literature and writing.

Read the passage on early writing materials. Passage: “Ancient Egyptians wrote on papyrus, Mesopotamians on wet clay tablets baked dry, and the Chinese on materials such as tortoise plastrons and animal bones; later the Chinese also used bamboo or wood slips. The earliest Chinese oracle bones were scientifically identified in 1899 and are called ‘oracle bone script.’ To date, over 100,000 pieces have been found, with about 4,500 distinct characters, around 1,700 of which can be read. Oracle bone inscriptions are often short, with some longer pieces up to roughly 100 characters.” Judge the statement: Egyptians, Mesopotamians, and Chinese all invented writing on the same medium.

Read the passage on early writing materials. Passage: “Ancient Egyptians wrote on papyrus, Mesopotamians on wet clay tablets baked dry, and the Chinese on materials such as tortoise plastrons and animal bones; later the Chinese also used bamboo or wood slips. The earliest Chinese oracle bones were scientifically identified in 1899 and are called ‘oracle bone script.’ To date, over 100,000 pieces have been found, with about 4,500 distinct characters, around 1,700 of which can be read. Oracle bone inscriptions are often short, with some longer pieces up to roughly 100 characters.” Judge the statement: In antiquity, Egyptians, Mesopotamians, and Chinese first wrote on different types of materials.

Read the passage on early writing materials. Passage: “Ancient Egyptians wrote on papyrus, Mesopotamians on wet clay tablets baked dry, and the Chinese on materials such as tortoise plastrons and animal bones; later the Chinese also used bamboo or wood slips. The earliest Chinese oracle bones were scientifically identified in 1899 and are called ‘oracle bone script.’ To date, over 100,000 pieces have been found, with about 4,500 distinct characters, around 1,700 of which can be read. Oracle bone inscriptions are often short, with some longer pieces up to roughly 100 characters.” Judge the statement: Today, archaeologists have discovered many oracle-bone inscriptions and some works written in oracle bone script.

Why did oral sources and oral tradition persist for a long time in Vietnam’s ancient period? Choose the best explanation.

Which statement best captures a key similarity between historical reality and historical cognition?

Select the features that characterize historical reality (choose all that apply).

Select the features that characterize historical cognition (choose all that apply).

Historical study concerns the past. Which statement best explains the relation between historical reality and the past?

G. M. Cladenniot argued that asking writers to set aside religion, nation, or family to be ‘objective’ is a mistake because such demands ask for the impossible. What is the most accurate understanding of this view?

According to the listed achievements of Chinese civilization in antiquity and the medieval era, which writing systems were used?

Which of the following reflects Chinese literary achievements noted for the period?

Which is a listed scientific or technical achievement of Chinese civilization in the period?

Which achievements are associated with Chinese painting and architecture as described?

Which statement about Chinese astronomy in the listed achievements is correct?

Which statement correctly matches a famous Chinese historical work from the list?

Which river system corresponds to the formation of ancient Egyptian civilization according to the notes?

Which river system corresponds to the formation of Mesopotamian civilization according to the notes?

Which river system corresponds to the formation of ancient Chinese civilization according to the notes?

Which river system corresponds to the formation of ancient Indian civilization according to the notes?

Which statement best reflects the noted difference in the bases of formation between ancient–medieval India and China?

Distinguish historical reality from historical understanding by selecting all statements that are accurate.

The statement “The most effective way to destroy a people is to deny and erase their knowledge of their own history” conveys which ideas? Select all that apply.

Which statements correctly describe similarities and differences between culture and civilization? Select all that apply.

Which ancient Egyptian achievements still have practical value today? Select all that apply.