A fourth-grade teacher asks students to read the words from the following list and records their pronunciations and syllable breaks. The table below shows the notes taken by the teacher during one student's assessment.

While reading an article about life in the arctic, a class comes across the following chart.

The teacher asks the class, "What is this chart saying?" James raises his hand and answers, "The more time goes on, the less ice there is in the Arctic."

What mistake did James make when analyzing this chart?

A third-grade teacher has been reading one chapter aloud to her class each day from a book that occasionally includes challenging vocabulary. One morning, as she reads the day's chapter, the teacher realizes that many of her students do not understand the use of the word "hysterics" in the book. Which of the following would best support the student's future vocabulary development while also clarifying their understanding of the day's reading?

A fifth-grade teacher notices that her student, Ben, is coming to school more anxious than he used to. She sits down with Ben to informally chat about his weekend, trying to find out what's bothering him. Ben casually mentions that his parents have been watching the news non-stop, and he asks the teacher's opinion on a hot-button current event. She vaguely answers and changes the subject. In order to help Ben, what step should the teacher take next?

While reading a new passage, a student raises her hand and asks, "What does this word mean?" Instead of defining the word for her, the teacher should encourage the student to determine the meaning of the word by

After a student has chosen a topic for their research essay, the next step is

A class has recently studied how authors display bias in their writing and incorporate literary devices like hyperbole, inclusive language, and understatements to prove their point of view. The teacher would like to provide students with examples of media that also incorporates these devices. Which type of media should the teacher use to meet this goal?

A student has difficulty reading the word "slippery" and soon after asks for help with the word "underneath." Which of the following strategies would best support the student's learning to decode these and other multisyllabic words independently?

A fifth-grade class is reading Wonder by R.J. Palacios. Which of these journal questions would the teacher ask in order to encourage students to make a text-to-world connection?

Which of the following assignments would best assess a student's ability to incorporate textual evidence as supporting details?

Teaching students to use contextual analysis when reading unfamiliar words is likely to help their accuracy by helping the student:

Students are reading a nonfiction article about the events leading up to WWII. Which of the following graphic organizers would most likely help them comprehend the article?

A sixth-grade teacher had decided to use literature circles with her class to work through a new fiction text they're reading. She will provide the groups with guided questions and discussion ideas to complete during and after their reading sections.

What question could the literature circles ask to encourage students to make connections to the text?

A small group of sixth-grade students is reading an article about circuits and wiring, hoping to learn to program and build robots in their spare time. After reading the article, the teacher asks the students a few questions and discovers that they struggled to comprehend the contents of the text. What strategy should the teacher employ to help the students with their comprehension?

Which of the following writing activities best assesses a student's understanding of using quotation marks and italics for titles?

A fourth-grade teacher wants to encourage more sustained independent reading from her students. She includes 15 minutes most days for students to read a self-selected text. Once a week she checks with each student to see how they've progressed on their text and to ask a few questions. When meeting with Tina, the teacher discovers that Tina has only read 20 pages since her last check. Tina explains that she is struggling to understand what the book is saying; some words are too big and she gets distracted trying to figure out what they mean. She also says she really wants to finish reading the book because all her friends have read it already. What should the teacher do to help Tina be successful during silent reading time?

A sixth-grade teacher is teaching her students how to identify credible sources and check articles for trustworthiness and accuracy. Which activity would best help students analyze the credibility of news sources?

A fourth-grade class has just finished writing a persuasive essay, and now the teacher would like each student to give a 90 second oral presentation to the class. With teacher guidance, the students have pulled the main points and supporting ideas from their essay and created note cards to use while presenting. What is the next step the teacher should take to ensure students have successful presentations?

A second-grade teacher passes out single syllable nouns (door, knob) to each student in the class. She asks the students to walk around the room until they find another student with a word that can combine with their own to form a new word (doorknob). This activity is most likely to help the students understand which of the following?

A fourth-grade class is reading the first novel in the series A Series of Unfortunate Events by Lemony Snicket. The Bad Beginning, narrated by Lemony Snicket, tells the story of three orphan children who are plagued by an evil relative trying to adopt them for their fortune. As part of the lessons that take place during the novel, the students are asked to choose a scene they found particularly interesting and rewrite it, making a new character the narrator. After everyone has finished, the teacher invites students to share their stories with the class.

What is the most likely primary purpose of this activity?

A sixth-grade class is studying world cultures. For each culture studied, the teacher selects a short, representative piece to read. Which activity should the teacher include to help students understand and appreciate each new culture?

A fourth-grade class reads a nonfiction article about the Battle of the Alamo and then reads a short fiction story set during the battle. After reading both texts, the students are asked to complete a graphic organizer to compare and contrast the details of each text. Which activity below should the teacher include to help promote her students' development of oral language skills?

A student is researching various medical professions to decide which one would make her most happy as an adult. Which resource would best serve as a primary resource for this paper?

After reading "A Sound of Thunder" by Ray Bradbury, a middle school teacher asks his class the following comprehension questions:

1. What does the word "immortal" mean in the sentence, "The dinosaurs seemed immortal, like a terrifying pagan god"?

2. How many people participated in the Safari?

3. "Far birds' cries blew on a wind, and the smell of tar and an old salt sea, moist grasses, and flowers the color of blood." How does the imagery in this sentence make you feel when you read it?

4. What animal is Eckels hunting?

5. If given the chance, would you participate in a Time Travel journey?

Which question below should the teacher add to the list to make sure to assess all three levels of comprehension?

Students are about to begin a research report on an assigned topic. Which of the following steps should the students perform first in order to successfully research and write the report?

Which of the following types of writing would be most appropriate for a student's use of academic vocabulary?

A fourth-grade class is working on using the correct homophone in writing. The majority of the class is able to correctly spell both words in a pair, but they are struggling to choose the correct homophone when writing. Which activity could the teacher use to help students select the correct homophone while writing?

Students are reading an informational article about forest fires in California and Oregon. Here is a brief excerpt from the article:

As the fires approached cities and homes, families were forced to evacuate. Quickly packing up their belongings, these displaced families searched for vacancies in hotels outside of the fire area.

The teacher asks students to summarize these two sentences. In addition to assessing a student's comprehension of the text, this summary can also serve as:

A class has just read two informational texts about interesting careers in the field of science and technology. For the first article, the teacher models how to pull information from the text to create a summary. The students are asked to do the same for text number two. Once students have both summaries written, what activity should the class complete to further analyze the two articles?

A fifth-grade class is working on composing haikus. The teacher provides students with a thesaurus to use while writing. In what way can haikus help develop a student's vocabulary?

When attempting to assess a student's oral language skills, a teacher might use any of the following activities EXCEPT

Which of the following is not an important component of creating an effective language arts learning environment?

During silent reading time, a teacher holds individual reading conferences with each student. During conferences, the teacher addresses individual issues with reading fluency and provides direct support for the student's current needs. This teaching strategy best demonstrates the teacher's understanding that

After giving a lesson on simple sentences, a teacher posts a single review question and asks the students to answer this question on an exit slip before heading off to lunch. What type of assessment is being used?

A teacher presents students with a set of three black and white images taken at a local botanical garden. The students are asked to write a paragraph describing only one image. The goal is that the writing should be so descriptive that the teacher can tell which image the student had chosen.

This activity will help develop writing skills most appropriate for which type of writing?

A student is currently in the conventional stage of writing development. His teacher wants to incorporate activities that will build on his current strengths but also push his development towards proficient. Which activity below would be best suited to this purpose?

A sixth-grade class is conducting research related to a science unit. When choosing vocabulary words to study related to the reading, which method is most effective?

A fourth-grade class is reading a short story. One of the characters says, "Jim's a little wet behind the ears, but he'll get there." A student raises her hand to ask what "wet behind the ears" means. The teacher discusses the phrase, the term idiom, and then continues with the story. The teacher decides to create a mini-lesson for the next day focusing on idioms. Which of the following activities should the teacher include in the mini-lesson to best help students understand the concept of idioms?

When conducting a writing conference with students, a teacher should do all of the following EXCEPT

Maria, a third-grade student, is making a picture book in Word to illustrate a reading project. The student asks the teacher if she can take pictures from the Internet and put them in her book. The teacher agrees, but only if the student will identify the website from which the pictures came. Of the following, which is the most important reason to ask the student to do this?

A sixth-grade class is working on a research project. Students were asked to choose from a list of teacher-provided topics. After each student selected a topic, the teacher reviewed safe internet practices, analyzing sources for credibility, and reminded students to log any sources they use for the bibliography at the end. After this review, students are given a graphic organizer to use to record notes and research and are allowed to begin searching either the class's reference material or the internet as needed.

What step in the research process should the teacher have included before allowing students to begin researching?

During a unit on short stories and fables, a fourth-grade teacher presents students with a series of 5-10 sentence stories. After each story, students are asked to write a statement identifying the theme or moral of the story and provide textual evidence to support their thematic statement. This lesson focuses on which level of reading comprehension?

Before beginning a new unit, a teacher provides her class with a list of new vocabulary terms they will encounter. Other than defining the words as they are used and front-loading lessons with new vocabulary, which activity would help students successfully identify and understand the words in context?

A student is still in the phonetic stage of spelling development. In order to move this student from phonetic to transitional, the teacher should incorporate activities that:

Which of the techniques below is most beneficial for helping students develop metacognitive reading habits?

A sixth-grade class spends 15 minutes a day silently reading. Students are allowed to move freely about the room to find a comfortable spot to read. Which activity could the teacher incorporate into the class's schedule to further encourage her student's interest in reading?

A teacher is reading aloud to her class. At the end of a paragraph, she stops to ask the students a question like, "Where do you think the tiger is headed now?" In asking a question like this, the teacher is trying to:

The following is a first draft from a fifth-grade student's descriptive essay.

        (1)Walking into the sun the cold creemie drip fell onto my fingers. (2)I slurpt the drip tasteing chocolate and tangie rasberrie. (3)I looked at the rainbow sine that said bubbles ice creem parler. (4)Suddenly I jumped cause my sister were screamin like a hieena. (5)A storm of tears hit the ground like her scoop of ice creem did.

In sentence 4, the teacher should provide additional instruction in which of the following skills?

A fifth-grade teacher is planning a vocabulary lesson for her class. Which of the following describes the best source for these vocabulary words?

A teacher might ask students to compare the words go, goes, and undergo in order to support an understanding of:

A teacher provides students with a topic name and a series of facts and statistics related to that topic. Using visual presentation software, the students are asked to create an image that displays the information in a visually appealing way. These infographics best exemplify which type of media?

A fifth-grade class has recently learned how to use commas and quotation marks in dialogue. The teacher then assigns a short fiction writing assignment and asks students to include at least 10 instances of dialogue. After everyone has finished writing, students are asked to swap stories with a peer. In order to encourage the best use of time and provide the most effective feedback, the teacher should ask students to:

A fourth-grade teacher has a small number of students struggling to legibly write cursive letters. The classroom has a display of cursive letters across the board, and the teacher routinely writes in cursive to model letter formation. The teacher decides to pull these students into a small group to provide targeted instruction on cursive letter formation. Which of the activities below would best help these students progress?

Which type of technology would be most beneficial to use in the publishing stage of the writing process?

A sixth-grade teacher had decided to use literature circles with her class to work through a new fiction text they're reading. She will provide the groups with guided questions and discussion ideas to complete during and after their reading sections.

Which question stem would encourage students to cite textual evidence to support a prediction for the next chapter of the reading?

Aspects of a text that can only be measured by a reader (e.g. meaning, purpose, structure, and knowledge demands) are what type of complexity measure?

In order to best prepare a student for delivering an oral presentation, a teacher should:

A class has just finished reading and analyzing an informative compare/contrast essay about polar bears and brown bears. Which activity would most help students further understand the use and importance of organizational style and transitions in this type of writing?

Ms. Simpson is beginning a research project with her class. What is one of the first things she should teach her students?

During a poetry unit, students are given an assignment to create a short rhyming poem about either a family member or themselves. The teacher provides access to online rhyming dictionaries to help students achieve the poetic structure required. Once all the poems are written, students are asked to read their poems aloud to the class. By asking students to both read and write a poem, the teacher is demonstrating her understanding that:

Which of these activities would help students understand the importance of punctuation in written discourse?

A third-grade student is attempting to determine the meaning of the word "scrawny" in the following sentence.

There was Sam, ten years old, with long, skinny legs and equally scrawny arms, but his smile lit up any room he walked into.

Which of the following would best support the student in an attempt to infer the word's meaning?

During a writing conference, Jamie and her teacher discuss the following selection of her essay.

it was summer i was riding a bike and i stoped becuz there were a dog not on a leesh. the dog run at me i thaught it wood bit me but it didnt an the owner come out and save me

The teacher asks Jamie if she notices any punctuation errors. Jamie reviews her work, adds a period after "save me," and says, "Oops, I forgot that period." In order to assist Jamie in identifying additional punctuation errors, the teacher could:

A teacher is developing his vocabulary list for the next unit of study, which will focus on American history, and is considering the following list of words:

democracy, colony, government, region, hemisphere,

ratify, migrate, import, export, population

The underlined words on this list demonstrate which vocabulary concept?

A fourth-grade teacher is introducing her students to the root "meter." The teacher provides the definition of the root and has students complete a graphic organizer where they brainstorm words that contain "meter" and their meanings. In another lesson, students read about various scientific instruments used for measuring. What additional activity should the teacher include to assess her student's mastery of the root "meter"?

A teacher has introduced a research project. One resource the teacher will require the students to use is a website. Which of the following activities would best help students differentiate between relevant and irrelevant information?

A teacher is considering which novel to read with a fifth-grade class. While considering The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett, the teacher asks himself the following questions:

• Does this novel contain any 20th-century stereotypes or biases that will need to be discussed?

• Is this novel appropriate for the age of my students?

• Will my students relate to the characters in the novel?

• How much background knowledge will I need to frontload for the class?

In addition to these questions, what else should the teacher ask to ensure the selected novel brings cultural diversity and responsiveness?

The following is a paragraph from a sixth-grade student's narrative essay about his favorite moment from summer vacation.

The crack of the bat hitting the ball sent a sting shooting up my arms. I hit the ball so hard. I remembered to run. I sprinted to first, then second, then third. The coach waved me on. I ran home faster than a cheetah. I saw the catcher over the plate and dove for home. Eyes closed, I threw my body into the dirt, and screamed Awww yeeeaaahhh when I heard the ump say Safe!

Which of the following comments from the teacher would be most appropriate during a writing conference about this paragraph?

Which of the following activities would best assess a student's understanding of how visual images enhance and extend the meaning of written words?

A fourth-grade teacher has identified a small group of students who are struggling to read fluently. These students are able to decode most words with ease, although they still struggle with irregular multisyllabic words. While reading, the students pause in irregular places, enunciate randomly, and read with a monotonous tone and volume. Based on this assessment, these students would benefit the most from which reading fluency activity?

A sixth-grade class has just finished learning about renewable and nonrenewable energy sources. The teacher has asked students to complete a writing project convincing people to switch to renewable energy. Some students choose to create a brochure or poster. Some students write a script and film an infomercial. Mark drafts a three paragraph essay describing the differences between renewable and nonrenewable energy. Mark has made an error in which element of writing?

A fourth-grade class has conducted research surveys of their peers and family. Students recorded the information and now will turn the results into a visual representation. One student asks, "Between boys and girls, who prefers chocolate ice cream more than vanilla?"  Which of the following would best display the results of this question?

As a formal assessment at the end of a unit, a teacher partners students and asks them to come up with a new product or service. Each pair will need to create an advertisement for the new product/service as well as a 15-second commercial promoting it. The teacher provides students with the following rubric.

Based on the rubric provided and the description of the project, what is the most likely learning objective for this project?

Which activity would fit in a unit focusing on enhancing student abilities in word recognition?

A teacher selects a number of spoken word videos to play for her class during a poetry unit. During one video, the teacher pauses the playback to say, "Did you hear that line? 'And the norms and notions/of what just is/Isn't always just-ice.'  That was pretty neat how she rhymed justice with just is. I like that."

What is the most likely purpose for pausing the video at this moment and sharing this thought?

The following sentence was written in a student's science report.

When hungry, the omniverous predator prowls the savannah looking for plants or animals to eat.

Which of the following best describes this student's stage of spelling development?

While reading a scientific article, a class of fifth-grade students completed a series of Frayer models on unfamiliar vocabulary words they encountered. To complete a Frayer model, students write the vocabulary word in the center, and then fill the surrounding rectangles with the definition, pictures of examples and non-examples, and a sentence using the word. Each student completed a different number of Frayer models depending on how many new vocabulary words they learned from the article. This activity will improve students' vocabulary knowledge by:

During a unit on space and the solar system, a sixth-grade class is reading an informational article on planets. The teacher asks students to write an answer to the question, "What is the difference between a dwarf planet and a moon?" This question is an example of which level of comprehension?

A fifth-grade class is beginning a unit on idioms. The teacher projects the phrase "It's raining cats and dogs" and asks the class what it means. The teacher discusses how students know the phrase doesn't mean actual cats and dogs, and the class reviews the words "literal" and "figurative." Next, the teacher asks the class to write about idioms used by themselves or a family member. Students are asked to include the idiom, its meaning, and how they determined the meaning. What is the most logical step for the teacher to take next?

Which of the following activities would not be appropriate to use as a vocabulary assessment?

A fifth-grade classroom has been analyzing nonfiction articles that include charts or graphs. The class has learned the terms for all the parts of a graph and have spent time discussing how graphs add to and support the main idea of the text. Which of the following activities should the teacher include next to continue developing her students' understanding of the purpose and importance of charts and graphs?

A teacher projects the following slide for her students in order to model the activity they will be completing with a partner.

The teacher reads the topic and sentences. Then she models the following dialogue. "Really, some of these are saying the same thing in a different way. Sentences 1, 2, and 5 are all about the nutrition of junk food. Sentences 3, 4, and 6 are describing how eating or not eating junk food affects specific kids. If I were turning this into an essay, I could use my new groups to build categories I would then describe in more detail. One paragraph would be about nutrition, the next about exclusion."

After modeling the activity, the teacher breaks students into small groups, gives them their own topic and sentences, and asks them to group the sentences into like categories and give each category a one-word label.

This activity will help develop writing skills most appropriate to which type of writing?

Which of the following would be a secondary source for a student researching the Holocaust?

As part of a science unit, a fourth-grade teacher wants to provide opportunities for her students to interact with new vocabulary words from the unit in context. Which of the following activities would be least effective for this learning goal?

A fifth-grade class has read a historical fiction piece about the drafting of the U.S. Constitution and a grade-level appropriate biography of Benjamin Franklin. After reading both texts, the teacher asks students to answer the question, "How did Benjamin Franklin's life impact his contributions to the Constitution?"

To ensure his students can successfully complete the writing prompt, the teacher should do which of the following?

Which of the following describes a way that spelling instruction can support the decoding skills of early readers?

A few weeks into the new school year, a fifth-grade teacher notices that some of her ELL students are hesitant to answer questions in front of the class. These students are capable of answering written questions or responding privately to just the teacher but seem nervous to speak before the whole class. What is the best strategy for their teacher to take to encourage these students to participate orally in class?

A teacher projects the following sentence on the board for students to edit.

All of the materials including autobiographys, in this Section is nonfiction.

Which option below fixes all grammatical errors in the sentence?

A fourth-grade class is writing a compare/contrast essay on two unique animals of the students' choosing. Which of the following sources would be best for researching the assigned animals?

Mrs. Mendez explains to her sixth-grade students that she wants them to start using technology for specific reasons as they do more oral and written presentations. For this week's assignment, they are to do a brief written report about their recent social studies unit of study. They will then find related pictures on the computer and print them off to attach to their reports. They will also need to identify the sources of their information. Which of the following best explains why Mrs. Mendez would have them identify their sources?

While students are between activities, a teacher is looking for a way to help build and encourage oral language development. Which of these short activities would best promote her students' oral language skills?

While reading aloud in front of the class, the teacher comes across the word "desirable." The teacher then points to clues in the surrounding text that help the students to understand what "desirable" means. What is the teacher modeling?

Which of the following would be an appropriate question to ask when viewing and analyzing thematic elements of entertainment media?

A teacher gives each student a copy of a poem and a copy of her cookie recipe. She asks the students to view each document and compare how it looks--not yet focusing on what it says. Which of the following comprehension skills is the teacher asking her students to practice?

A teacher has reorganized the classroom library to make it easier for students to browse and select texts to read during silent reading time. In addition to this reorganization, the teacher decided to conduct a reading interest survey, so that she can be of assistance when students need prompting. After assessing the results of students' reading interest surveys, the teacher should

Before starting a new unit, a teacher has students complete a short writing assignment in which they share what they know about the topic and predict what might be learned during the unit. Once the unit is finished, the teacher would like to have students revisit their essays. What step could the teacher take next that would allow students to expand on their new vocabulary knowledge?

A teacher presents students with a historical chart detailing the trade goods and their corresponding amounts transported during the colonization of North America. The teacher reviews the legend, title, axes, and other headings with the students to ensure that they are accurately reading the chart. Once students have previewed the chart titles, what is the next step they should take to comprehend the chart?

A teacher divides students up into small groups. She projects a prefix, suffix, or root and gives the groups 60 seconds to come up with as many words as they can that contain the specified word part. This activity is assessing her students':

A sixth-grade classroom is working on a unit about perspective and active listening. The teacher needs to design an activity that will help students understand how emotional response to the speaker can influence how the audience listens and responds. The teacher plans to show multiple video clips and ask guided questions after the viewings. Which activity below would meet this goal?

Which of the following is a qualitative feature of text complexity?

The words trying, writing, happening, heating demonstrate which of the following principles?

A fifth-grade teacher wants to design small group fluency remediation activities. The teacher would like to group students based on their current needs and skill levels. Which of the following would be the most efficient way to gather data for grouping students?

While reading a historical fiction book about The Great Depression, a teacher asks students to look for text-to-self connections when analyzing characters in the story. Which of the following literary features is the teacher trying to promote among the students?

A classroom is studying plot structure in fiction literature. They have read a few short stories and charted the plot events on a plot diagram. Which type of media could the teacher use to continue the activity and authentically enhance the student's understanding of plot structure?

A fourth-grade classroom has just received a new English Language Learner. The student is in the beginning stages of English language proficiency, with few everyday words and even fewer academic terms. While participating in whole-group reading instruction, which accommodation would be most appropriate for the teacher to use when assessing this student's reading comprehension?

A second-grade teacher uses the following handout to introduce a new topic.

Choose ONE of the following words to correctly complete BOTH of the following sentences.

bus train teach show car

I rode in a ________ to visit my grandmother.

I hope to ________ my dog to roll over.

Now work with a partner to write two sentences. Each sentence must show a different meaning of the word right.

Which of the following concepts is the teacher introducing to her class?

A sixth-grade teacher presents the class with the following description of a fictional confrontation between a middle school principal and a middle school student:

The student was sent to the office due to a dress code infraction. The secretary provided the student with a different pair of shorts to wear for the remainder of the day. The student refused to wear the shorts, explaining that she did not believe her shorts were too short or inappropriate. The principal and the student discuss, disagree, and the student ends up receiving an after school detention.

The teacher then randomly provides each student with either the email that was sent to the parent of the student or the text message that the student sent to her parents after school. The students are placed in pairs to evaluate how the content of the principal's email varies from the student text message.

This activity is most likely designed to teach the students:

A teacher is beginning a unit on the parts of speech. When a new part of speech is introduced, the teacher plays short videos from Schoolhouse Rock that go over the part of speech and give examples of it in action. The teacher is making use of which type of media to enhance her students' understanding of the topic?

A student who is typically a strong reader and specifically loves to read fiction narratives struggles more with content specific informative texts. The teacher regularly implements pre-reading and during-reading activities for the class as a whole, but which of the following strategies would be the most helpful for this specific student when reading the more challenging informative texts?

A third-grade teacher writes the following sentence on the board:

Despite being the last to use the bathroom pass, the student emphatically denied being the one who lost it.

She asks the students to write down the word's meaning emphatically without looking it up in the dictionary. How does the teacher expect the students to determine the word's meaning?

Which of the following is NOT an example of how a strong and developing vocabulary leads to strong reading skills?

A teacher presents students with the following worksheet. She asks students to use a marker and trace the lines without picking up the marker.

This activity is designed to help students learn:

A class has recently completed a science unit and the teacher would like to incorporate some form of writing task into an upcoming lesson. She breaks students up into groups based on what stage of writing development they are in. Which activity would be best suited to students in the transitional stage of writing development?

An informal reader response journal is a beneficial activity for developing reading comprehension and connections because:

Select all answers that apply.

Students in a sixth-grade class have just finished drafting narratives about a time or event that helped them grow as a person. Before drafting, the teacher provided focused instruction on using descriptive and precise words, correctly punctuating compound sentences, and using chronological organization and transition words. Once everyone has completed the first draft, the teacher pairs students and has them complete a peer review. The teacher provides the following checklist to use while reviewing.

• Did your classmate use transition words? Highlight these in green.

• Did your classmate use descriptive language? Underline two examples of strong descriptive language. Put a star next to a place where descriptive language could be added.

• Are there any sections of the writing that are confusing? Make notes in the margins as needed.

• Circle any places where your classmate has an error with grammar or spelling.

What should the teacher add to or change about the provided checklist to make this peer review more effective?

When deciding if a source is credible for a research project, which of the following is important for the student to consider?

Select all answers that apply.

A fourth-grade student loves to read, but typically only picks graphic novels that are written below grade level. Which of the following best explains one reason the teacher might suggest more variation in his independent reading?

Every day, midmorning, the teacher gives her class an opportunity to walk around the room and visit with friends for 3-4 minutes, often telling them to "get it out of their system." After hearing the phrase a few times, a student comes up to ask what she means by that sentence. What should the teacher do to best support her student's understanding of this idiom?

In order to encourage students to value reading for pleasure, a teacher should:

Students have been directed to write a 10-sentence response to a short story the class read. The teacher informs the class that she will assess the writing for correct grammar and punctuation usage. While assessing the writing, the teacher should

Effective vocabulary instruction can be achieved with which of the following methods?

A classroom has broken out into writing centers. One group of students sits with the teacher. The teacher hands one student a card with 3-5 sentences on it. The student reads the sentences silently and then out loud. Next, the teacher takes the card and asks the student to explain to the group what was read. After the student gives an oral explanation, the group discusses if there are any facts to add or remove. Then the process repeats with a new student reading and paraphrasing.

This activity will help develop writing skills most appropriate to which type of writing?

The following is a sample excerpt from a fourth-grade writing assignment.

        Over the weekend I spent time reading a great book. The book is called An apple for seafoam. The author's name is Aurora finch. An Apple for seafoam takes place in new England on a little farm by the atlantic ocean. Seafoam is a horse. An apaloosa horse to be specific. That means he has spots on his rear and legs.

Based on this excerpt, the student would benefit from direct instruction in which grammatical area?

Which of the following would not be beneficial in improving a 5th-grade student's note-taking skills?

Multiple times a year a third-grade teacher administers a formal assessment of her students' oral reading fluency. While assessing a student's reading, she notices that the child performs well on the portion of the test that asks the student to read a paragraph, but struggles when reading many of the same words in list form. Which of the following would best describe a strength of this student?

A teacher is reading a fiction story aloud to their class. They stop throughout to model the think-aloud strategy. In their think-aloud moments, they make predictions about what will happen next and reflect on what the characters learn throughout each plot event. What level of reading comprehension are they modeling for their students?

The following is a first draft from a sixth-grade student's persuasive essay.

        (1)More time should be spent outside. (2)When I go outside I have lots of fun and my brother and I ride bikes play base ball and look for snakes. (3)To many kids stay in all day on youtube or play videogames. (4)The auther said kids should be out side for 15 hours per weak. (5)I am only outside 1 hour or less.

In sentence 2, the teacher should provide additional instruction in which of the following skills?

Which activity below would be most beneficial for instructing students who are just beginning a problem and solution essay?

A sixth-grade teacher is planning a lesson on the Constitution. Which of the following would be the most appropriate primary source to use when presenting the lesson?

During morning work time, a teacher walks around and visits with two or three students individually. During this time, she asks the students questions about their lives, interests, friends, books they're reading, or various other topics. While the students speak, the teacher makes a note of whether or not each student is answering in complete sentences, if they reframe the questions in their answers, and how well each student maintains eye contact. What is the most likely purpose of these individual chats?

As a community building and fundraising event, a teacher would like to host an after school movie night. In addition to movie viewing and popcorn eating, the teacher should include what aspect below to promote media literacy?

Why is it important for students to develop a vocabulary that includes words such as analyze, describe, justify, determine, etc.?

Which of the following would best promote the increase of students' reading vocabulary?

While researching for information to use on an upcoming persuasive essay, the writer identifies the author or organizations responsible for the website, then considers possible biases that may influence the information presented. This approach demonstrates an understanding of which part of the research process?