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WorksheetsEarth Science – (Grade 12)
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 25mins
What best describes a mineral based on its scientific definition?
A living substance formed from plants and animals
A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with definite composition
A man-made material found in laboratories
A liquid substance that contains organic compounds
Which scale is used to determine a mineral’s resistance to scratching?
Kelvin Scale
Richter Scale
Mohs Scale
Celsius Scale
Why does the mineral calcite bubble when acid is applied?
It contains carbonates that react with acid.
It has metallic elements that oxidize.
It is composed mainly of silica.
It absorbs moisture from air.
What mineral is considered the hardest naturally occurring substance on Earth?
Quartz
Diamond
Calcite
Feldspar
How can the luster of a mineral be described?
It measures how light reflects on the mineral’s surface.
It shows how easily the mineral breaks.
It tells how the mineral reacts to acid.
It indicates the mineral’s density.
Which mineral is commonly used as table salt in food preparation?
Halite
Gypsum
Feldspar
Olivine
What term refers to the color of a mineral when it is in powdered form?
Cleavage
Streak
Luster
Fracture
How do intrusive igneous rocks form beneath the Earth’s crust?
By slow cooling of magma underground
By rapid cooling of lava on the surface
By evaporation of seawater
By accumulation of sediments
Which type of sedimentary rock is formed from compacted fragments of other rocks?
Chemical
Organic
Clastic
Non-foliated
What type of rock forms when heat and pressure alter existing rocks?
Metamorphic
Igneous
Sedimentary
Volcanic
How can you tell that a metamorphic rock is foliated?
It shows distinct bands or layers.
It forms from volcanic ash.
It reacts with acid and bubbles.
It feels greasy when touched.
Which mineral has a greasy feel and is the softest on the Mohs scale?
Talc
Quartz
Magnetite
Garnet
What characteristic helps you identify that a rock sample is intrusive igneous?
It has large crystals formed from slow cooling.
It contains plant and animal remains.
It reacts with acid and forms bubbles.
It has a smooth, glassy texture.
Which mineral is often mistaken for gold due to its color and luster?
Pyrite
Opal
Calcite
Gypsum
How is quartz used in the glass-making industry?
It provides silica, which is the main ingredient in glass.
It adds color and shine to glass.
It softens the texture of the glass.
It reduces the weight of glass products.
What feature helps you identify hematite among metallic minerals?
Its red-brown streak and metallic shine
Its salty taste and smooth surface
Its reaction to acid and strong odor
Its clear and glassy appearance
Why do foliated metamorphic rocks have visible bands or layers?
Because they contain air bubbles
Because pressure aligns the minerals into parallel structures
Because they cool quickly on the surface
Because they form from dissolved minerals
How can heat and pressure transform limestone into marble?
They melt the rock completely into magma
They dissolve the rock in groundwater
They remove the carbonate minerals
They cause physical and chemical changes in the rock’s structure
Which eon is known for the formation of the first continents and single-celled life?
Hadean
Archean
Proterozoic
Phanerozoic
How does radioactive dating differ from relative dating?
It identifies rock layers by color
It determines the exact age using isotopes
It compares fossils by size
It only applies to sedimentary rocks
What test can you perform to know if a gold-colored mineral is pyrite or real gold?
Observe if it floats in water
Perform a streak test to check its color on a plate
Smell it after heating to detect odor
Drop acid to see a reaction
Why do carbonate minerals like calcite produce bubbles when acid is added?
Because carbon dioxide gas is released during the reaction
Because water vapor is formed inside the mineral
Because it reacts with oxygen from the air
Because it contains metallic elements
Which characteristic makes extrusive igneous rocks different from intrusive ones?
They have large visible crystals
They are always dark in color
They form on the surface and cool quickly, creating small crystals
They form underground and cool slowly
What might indicate if scientists discover a new layer with fossils of both dinosaurs and early mammals?
An overlap between two eras or a transition period
A mistake in fossil dating
The extinction of mammals before dinosaurs
A new eon unknown to science
How can you identify that a mineral is halite without using laboratory tools?
It glows under ultraviolet light
It has a salty taste when tested carefully
It floats when placed in water
It turns red when heated
What process can change igneous rock into metamorphic rock?
Continuous weathering and erosion
Melting and cooling again as magma
Mixing with organic materials in soil
Exposure to intense heat and pressure beneath Earth’s surface
Which principle states that “the present is the key to the past”?
Gradualism
Catastrophism
Uniformitarianism
Law of Superposition
How can hardness help a geologist identify an unknown mineral sample?
It shows whether the mineral can scratch or be scratched by another
It identifies the mineral’s reaction to acid
It reveals how light reflects off its surface
It measures how heavy the mineral is in water
What does the Law of Superposition tell us about sedimentary rocks?
The youngest layers are found at the bottom
The oldest layers are found at the bottom
All layers are of the same age
Only igneous rocks follow this law
What is the best way to demonstrate the rock cycle in a classroom exhibit?
By describing famous earthquakes
By displaying photos of volcanoes and mountains only
By showing how one type of rock can change into another through natural processes
By presenting colored drawings of minerals
It occurs when living organisms cause rocks to weather/breakdown. Choices: A. Physical Weathering B. Endogenic Processes C. Chemical Weathering D. Exogenic Processes E. Biological Weathering
Physical Weathering
Endogenic Processes
Chemical Weathering
Exogenic Processes
Biological Weathering
This is the process by which rocks breakdown by the chemical reactions. Choices: A. Physical Weathering B. Endogenic Processes C. Chemical Weathering D. Exogenic Processes E. Biological Weathering
Physical Weathering
Endogenic Processes
Chemical Weathering
Exogenic Processes
Biological Weathering
This processes occur on or near the Earth’s surface. It is usually driven by gravity, water, wind, and organisms. Choices: A. Physical Weathering B. Endogenic Processes C. Chemical Weathering D. Exogenic Processes E. Biological Weathering
Physical Weathering
Endogenic Processes
Chemical Weathering
Exogenic Processes
Biological Weathering
It is the breakdown of rocks by mechanical forces concentrated along rocks fractures. Choices: A. Physical Weathering B. Endogenic Processes C. Chemical Weathering D. Exogenic Processes E. Biological Weathering
Physical Weathering
Endogenic Processes
Chemical Weathering
Exogenic Processes
Biological Weathering
This processes on Earth take place within or inside of the Earth’s structure. It develops earthquakes, continents, and related internal features. Choices: A. Physical Weathering B. Endogenic Processes C. Chemical Weathering D. Exogenic Processes E. Biological Weathering
Physical Weathering
Endogenic Processes
Chemical Weathering
Exogenic Processes
Biological Weathering
Choose the process that matches the description: It is weathering by rust where it interacts with water and iron (Fe).
Dissolution
Ice Wedging
Oxidation
Mass Wasting
Hydrolysis
Choose the process that matches the description: This is where the chemical breakdown of a compound occurs due to reaction with water.
Dissolution
Ice Wedging
Oxidation
Mass Wasting
Hydrolysis
Choose the process that matches the description: It is a form of weathering in which cracks in rock or other surfaces fill with water, freeze, and in some instances expand until the material eventually breaks.
Dissolution
Ice Wedging
Oxidation
Mass Wasting
Hydrolysis
Choose the process that matches the description: This refers to the movement of large masses of materials down a slope due to the pull of gravity.
Dissolution
Ice Wedging
Oxidation
Mass Wasting
Hydrolysis
Choose the process that matches the description: It is weathering by water wherein water and acids dissolve minerals from rocks, removing them from the surface of the Earth.
Dissolution
Ice Wedging
Oxidation
Mass Wasting
Hydrolysis
Select the concept described: This process happens continually where the materials move in a circular motion; hot materials go up and cool materials go down.
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Transform Fault Boundary
Convection Current
Subduction Zone
Select the concept described: This is where the plates move away from each other; mid-ocean ridges form where oceanic plates continue to separate.
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Transform Fault Boundary
Convection Current
Subduction Zone
Select the concept described: The plates slide past each other in opposite directions, causing earthquakes to occur.
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Transform Fault Boundary
Convection Current
Subduction Zone
Select the concept described: The two plates collide with each other; mountains and trenches may form.
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Transform Fault Boundary
Convection Current
Subduction Zone
Select the concept described: This process occurs when one plate goes under another plate because that plate is more dense (heavier).
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Transform Fault Boundary
Convection Current
Subduction Zone
Modified True or False — Analyze the statements and choose the best answer:
Statement 1: A geological hazard is an event that may cause harm to property and life.
Statement 2: A hazard such as an earthquake is the sudden movement of the ground caused by the release of energy.
A. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is the correct explanation for Statement 1
B. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is not the correct explanation for Statement 1
C. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false
D. Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true
Modified True or False — Analyze the statements and choose the best answer:
Statement 1: Seismometer are instruments that detect and records the seismic waves.
Statement 2: Tsunami is a set of long and high oceans waves that cause by an earthquake under the ocean.
A. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is the correct explanation for Statement 1
B. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is not the correct explanation for Statement 1
C. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false
D. Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true
Modified True or False — Analyze the statements and choose the best answer:
Statement 1: Lahar is a mixture of volcanic debris and water that flows at the slopes of a volcano.
Statement 2: Tephra falls are liquid fragments and lava blobs ejected by a volcano.
A. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is the correct explanation for Statement 1
B. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is not the correct explanation for Statement 1
C. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false
D. Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true
Modified True or False — Analyze the statements and choose the best answer:
Statement 1: A geological hazard map indicates the areas that are vulnerable to hazards.
Statement 2: It is used to show different kinds of rocks and minerals found in an area.
A. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is the correct explanation for Statement 1
B. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is not the correct explanation for Statement 1
C. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false
D. Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true
Modified True or False — Analyze the statements and choose the best answer:
Statement 1: A storm surge is a rise in sea level caused by strong winds and low pressure during a typhoon.
Statement 2: It is the same caused in Tsunami occurrence.
A. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is the correct explanation for Statement 1
B. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is not the correct explanation for Statement 1
C. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false
D. Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true
