An individual who is in charge of a certain group off tasks, or a certain area or department of a business.

The most senior manager responsible for the overall performance and success of a company

A management function that includes anticipating trends and determining the best strategies and tactics to achieve organizational goals and objectives

A management function that includes designing the structure of the organization and creating conditions and systems in which everyone and everything work together to achieve the organizational goals and objectives

Creating a vision for the organization and guiding, training, coaching and motivating others to works effectively the organization’s goals and objectives

A management function that involves establishing clear standards to determine whether or not an organization is progressing toward its goals and objectives, rewarding people for doing a good job, and taking corrective action if they are not

factors that influence the behaviors of workers towards achieving business goals. Motivation can be increased by: monetary rewards, non-monetary rewards and introducing ways to give job satisfaction

the enjoyment a worker gets from feeling that they have done a goal job. There are three ways to motivate workers to be more continued to their job and work more effectively

swapping workers round and only doing a specific task for a limited time before swapping round again

extra tasks are added to the job to make it more interesting

adding tasks that require more skill and/or responsibility

the average person does not like work. Workers must be constantly supervised so they will work. Motivation is from external factors

The average person is motivated by internal factors. To motivate workers, you need to find ways to help workers take an interest in their work

a theory of motivation which states that five categories of human needs dictate an individual’s behavior. Those needs are physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs.

Humans have two sets of needs: one is for the basic needs, which he called hygiene factors or needs, and the second is for a human being to be able to grow psychologically, which he called motivational needs or motivators

the factors that must be present in the workplace to prevent job dissatisfaction

the levels of management and division of responsibilities within an organization

the levels of management in any organization, from the highest to the lowest. A level of hierarchy refers to managers/supervisors, other employees who are given a similar level of responsibility in an organization.

the structure in an organization which allows instructions to be passed down from senior management to lower levels of management

the number of subordinates working directly under the manager

senior managers who lead a particular department or division of a business

people who have responsibility for people below them in the hierarchy of an organization

junior managers who have direct control over the employees below them in the organizational structure

specialists who provide support, information and assistance to line managers

giving a subordinate the authority to perform a particular task

taking decisions away from the center of an organization- way from the head office.

the process from identifying that the business needs to employ someone up to the point at which applications have arrived at the business

he process of evaluating candidates for a specific job and selecting an individual for employment based on the needs of organization

identifies and records the responsibilities and tasks relating to a job

outlines the responsibilities and duties to be carried out by someone employed to do a specific job

a document which outlines the requirements, qualifications, expertise, physical characteristics, etc for a specified job

An introduction given to a new employee, explaining the business' activivities, customs and procedures and introducing them to their fellow workers

occurs by watching a more experienced worker doing the job

involves being trained away from the workplace, usually by specialist trainer

- to produce a good or a service which meets customer expectations

- the checking for quality at the end of the production process, whether it is the production of a product or service

- the checking for quality standards throughout the production process, whether it is the production of a product or service

the continuous improvement of products and processes by focusing on quality at each stage

to place money in a bank; or money placed in a bank

available cash, and how easily other assets can be turned into cash

anything that acts as a security or guarantee for a loan

a type of loan used to purchase or maintain a home, land, or other types of real estate. The borrower agrees to pay the lender over time, typically in a series of regular payments that are divided into principal and interest. The property then serves as collateral to secure the loan

something that occurs when you make a purchase with your debit card or write a check for an amount that exceeds your checking account's available balance. Many bank account offer overdraft proctection to help avoid overdraft fees. Some banks don't charge overdraft fees at all

an account at a bank against which checks can be drawn by the account depositor; a checking account

a deposit account that generally earns higher interest than an interest-bearing checking account. Savings accoutns limit the number of certain types of transfers or withdrawals you can make from the account each monthly statement cycle.

a bank account maintained by a financial institution in which a customer can deposit and withdraw money

when banks have enough money to cover potential losses. banks are expected to maintain a sufficient level of capital to remain solvent and avoid failure. The FDIC and other federal regulators work with banks to maintain standards for solvency

this is the date of expiration for the contractual obligation of a financial instrument.

the set of all actual and potential buyers of a good or sercive; the place where people buy and sell; the people who trade in a particular good; to make goods available to buyers and to encourage them to buy them

te company with the largest market share

a small company that concentrates on one or more particular niches or small market segmentss

the collection, analysis and reporting of data relevant to a specific marketing situation

part of a market; a group of customers with specific needs, defined in terms of geography, age, esx, income, occupation, life-style,..

the act of dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have different requirements or buying habits

the slaes of a company (or brand/product) expressed as a percentage of total sales in marketing - the process of identifying and satisfying consumers' needs and desires

the set of intermediaries a company uses to get its goods to their end users

the set of all the various elements in a marketing programme and the way a company integrates them

a plan or principle designed to achieve marketing objectives

the standard pattern of sales of a product over the period that it is marketed

all the companies or individuals involved in moving goods or services from producers to consumers

an intermediary hat stocks manufacturers goods or merchandise, and sells it to retailers and professional buyers

making a product different from similar products offered by other sellers, by product differences, advertising, packaging,etc

possibilities of filling unsatisfied needs in sectors in which a company can profitably produce goods or services

setting a high price for a new product, to make maximum revenue before competing products appear on the market

someone who contacts existing and potential customers, and tries to persuade them to buy goods or services

the attributes or characteristics of a product, such as size, shape, quality, price, reliability, etc

the extent to which supply or demand ( the quantity produced or bought) of a product responds to changes of price

the strategy of setting a low price to try to sell a large volume and increase market share

Extracts and uses the natural resources of the earth to produce raw materials used by other businesses

Manufactures goods using the raw materials provided by the primary sector

Provides services to consumers and the other sectors of industry

The knowledge-based part of the economy focused on services like intellectual and information-based activities

Consists high-level decision-making and specialized, knowledge-based services like government, healthcare, and research

has both a private sector and a public sector

the sector of the economy in which organisations are owned and controlled by the state (government)

The sector of the economy in which organisations are owned and controlled by individuals

The sale of state-owned assets such as public corporations to the private sector

A business owned and operated by one person

the liability of shareholders in a company is limited to only the amount they invested

The owners of a business can be held responsible for the debts of the business they own. Their liability is not limited to the investment they made in the business.

a form of business in which two or more people agree to jointly own a business

The owners of a limited company. They buy shares which represent part ownership of a company.

businesses owned by shareholders but they cannot sell shares to the public

businesses owned by shareholders but they can sell shares to the public and their shares are tradeablie on the Stock Exchange

to use other companies to do work your company previously did itself.

the process of converting inputs such as land, labour and capital into saleable goods

The stock of raw materials, work-in-progress and finished goods held by a business.

the production of goods and services with the minimum waste of resources

the production of items one at a time

the production of goods in batches. Each batch passess through one stage of production before moving onto the next stage

the production of very large quantities of identical goods using a continuously moving process

A production method that involves reducing or virtually eliminating the need to hold inventories of raw materials or unsold inventories of the finished product. Supplies arrive just at the time they are needed.

a company's reserves( dự trữ) involved in producing and delivering goods or a service

is the ( maximum) rate of output that can be achieved from a production process.

is a collective word for all the buildings, machines, equipment, and other facilities used in the production process

is a network of organizations involved in producing and delivering goods or a service

buying products or processed materials form other companies rather than manufacturing them

the cost savings arising from large-scale production

the time needed to perform an activity such as manufacturing a product or delivering it to a customer.

The business activity that involves planning, implementing, and controlling the physical flow of materials, final goods, and related information from points of origin to points of consumption to meet customer requirements at a profit

the movement of goods within a warehouse, from warehouses to the factory floow, and from the factory floor to varous workstations

The area of logistics that involves bringing raw materials, packaging, other goods and services, and information from suppliers to producers.

the area of logistics that involves managing the flow of finised products and information to business buyers and ultimate consumers

The area of logistics that involves bringing goods back to the manufacturer because of defects or for recycling materials.

able to move quickly and easily

using small quantities and avoiding any waste

a network of facilities that performs the function of procurement of materials, transformation of these materials into finished products, and the distribution of these products to customers

the management of the flow of goods, information and other resources, between the point of origin and the point of consumption

the act of passing goods through customs so that they can enter or leave the country

goods carried by a ship, aircraft, and other vehicle

someone whose business is to supply a particular service or commodity

A term which is used to describe a product or service that is developed and distributed globally but is also adjusted to accommodate the user or consumer in a local market

the complex system of values, traits, morals and customs shared by a society

the stimuli, environment, or ambience surrounding an event

Divides humans into 3 categories, based not on nationality or religion but on BEHAVIOUR, namely, Linear-active, Multi-active and Reactive

is a culture by which the rules of communication are primarily and dominantly transmitted through the use of contextual elements.

These include specific forms of body language, the social or familial status of an individual, and the tone of voice employed during speech.

usually do not have rules that are explicitly written or stated.

a culture whereby most communications take place through verbal language and rules are directly written out or stated for all to view

the distribution of power among individuals within a culture and how well unequal levels of powers are accepted by those with less power

a face to face disagreement or argument

to do something when necessary without having already planned it

believing that the group is more important than the individual

reducing demands or changing opinions in order to agree

people of influence or importance with whom you are associated

to be humiliated or disrespected in public

A paid-for advertisement which includes editorial content; normally identified in a print magazine with the word "Advertisement" printed as a head across the top of the page to distinguish it from genuine (in theory unbiased) editorial content

companies that design advertising for clients

the advertising of a particular product or service during a particular period of time

the statement of objectives that a client works out with an advertising agency

a defined set of customers whose needs a company plans to satisfy

the amount of money a company plans to spend in developing its advertising and buying media time or space

the choice of where to advertise in order to reach the right people

choosing to spend the same amount on advertising as one’s competitors

a small amount of a product given to customers to encourage them to try it

free advertising, when satisfied customers recommend products to their friends

trying to get customers to forward an online marketing message to other people

Describing an audience by age, gender, ethnicity or location - i.e the facts about them

small, selected groups representing a target audience who are paid to answer questions at the behest of a market research organization

the practice of paying for a branded product to be used by a character in a movie

establishing the market nich of a product - which may not be as the brand leader - and advertising to the appropriate segment of the audience

A highlighted benefit of a product which makes it a stand out from all rival brands