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WorksheetsSDN (Software Defined Networking) Worksheet
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 53mins
What is the main goal of network programmability in SDN?
To hard-code routing policies into switches
To separate network logic from hardware control
To integrate multiple ASICs in one switch
To eliminate all network hardware
Which SDN layer provides the API that enables application-driven network control?
Infrastructure layer
Control layer
Application layer
Northbound layer
In SDN programming, which API allows the controller to communicate with switches?
Southbound API
Northbound API
REST API
Data plane API
The OpenFlow protocol operates primarily at which SDN layer?
Application layer
Control layer
Data plane layer
Southbound interface layer
Which SDN controller is known for its modular architecture and Java-based implementation?
POX
Floodlight
ONOS
NOX
In SDN, the control plane is responsible for:
Forwarding packets
Making routing decisions
Generating payload data
Managing physical hardware
Which component of ONOS handles network topology discovery?
Core subsystem
Link provider
Host manager
Topology manager
The process of dynamically allocating network resources for different tenants is known as:
Network Slicing
Network Fragmentation
Load Shaping
Channel Mapping
Which SDN tool supports Service Function Chaining (SFC) through Network Functions Virtualization?
Mininet
OPNFV
Wireshark
Open vSwitch
What language is ONOS primarily written in?
Python
C++
Java
Go
In Network Function Virtualization (NFV), network functions are:
Hard-coded into switches
Virtualized as software components
Embedded into routers permanently
Dependent on specific hardware
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of SDN programmability?
Centralized control
Hardware dependency
Dynamic policy enforcement
Rapid innovation
What does OPNFV stand for?
Open Platform for Network Function Virtualization
Open Project for Network Federation and Validation
Open Prototype for Network Function Variants
Open Platform for Networking and Fabric Virtualization
The intent-based networking model in ONOS is mainly used to:
Create routing tables
Define high-level user intents
Detect topology changes
Manage VLANs
Which SDN concept allows slicing of both control and data plane resources?
Flow virtualizing
Network slicing
Protocol abstraction
Port mapping
In SDN, “flow entries” are stored in:
Switch buffer
Flow table
Data cache
Management plane
Which interface is used for developers to write custom SDN applications?
Northbound API
Southbound API
Eastbound API
Westbound API
ONOS clusters ensure which key property in distributed SDN systems?
Centralized control
High availability and scalability
Low power consumption
Hardware compatibility
Network Slicing is widely applied in:
5G Networks
2G Networks
Legacy Ethernet
Circuit-switched systems
Which component in SDN translates high-level policies into flow rules?
Southbound API
Controller
Data Plane
SDN Compiler
NFV decouples network functions from:
Protocols
Physical hardware appliances
Logical controllers
Routing tables
What type of hypervisor is typically used in NFV environments?
Hardware hypervisor
Type-1 or Type-2 hypervisor
Mobile emulator
Packet optimizer
The east-west interface in SDN is used for:
Controller-to-controller communication
Application-to-controller communication
Switch-to-controller communication
Application-to-application communication
The ONOS controller supports distributed data stores primarily for:
Data analytics
Configuration management
Fault tolerance
Packet forwarding
Which of these is an example of a southbound protocol other than OpenFlow?
NETCONF
RESTCONF
BGP-LS
All of the above
Which ONOS component handles intent compilation into flow rules?
Intent Manager
Flow Manager
Compiler Service
Routing Core
What is the function of the Application Framework in ONOS?
Manage CLI
Provide APIs for app development
Implement OpenFlow rules
Connect to switches
In SDN, which layer abstracts physical devices into logical resources?
Application layer
Control layer
Infrastructure layer
Abstraction layer
In ONOS, Karaf is used for:
Logging
Modular runtime and service container
Web GUI
Monitoring packets
What does YANG model represent in SDN?
Network topology visualization
Data modeling language
Authentication protocol
API format for REST services
OPNFV integrates with which orchestration tool for NFV management?
Kubernetes
OpenStack
Docker Swarm
Ansible
Which feature of ONOS provides event-based communication between components?
Messaging subsystem
Flow subsystem
Event dispatcher
Northbound Interface
In SDN programming, a “flow mod” message is used to:
Delete network rules
Modify or install flow entries
View the flow table
Measure packet latency
The primary advantage of SDN programmability in cloud networking is:
Hardware optimization
Automated network orchestration
Manual rule deployment
VLAN isolation
ONOS GUI is mainly used for:
Visualizing topology and flows
Debugging REST APIs
Packet tracing
SDN simulation
What is the role of REST API in SDN controllers like ONOS?
User authentication
Expose control functions to external applications
Manage network devices directly
Handle southbound communication
In network slicing, each slice is considered as a:
Logical network instance
Physical subnet
VLAN ID
Service function
Which of the following tools is often used for SDN network simulation?
Wireshark
Mininet
Jenkins
Nagios
OPNFV uses NFV Reference Architecture defined by:
IEEE
ETSI
ITU
ISO
What does NetApp Development in SDN refer to?
Creation of network-aware applications using SDN APIs
Network storage programming
Application layer encryption
Legacy app compatibility
In data centers, SDN enables which of the following critical capabilities?
Static routing between servers
Dynamic and programmable network provisioning
Manual VLAN configuration
Fixed link aggregation
Which SDN controller is primarily used in large-scale carrier and service provider networks?
POX
ONOS
Ryu
Beacon
What is one of the main advantages of using SDN in data centers?
Manual switch configuration
Vendor lock-in
Automated traffic management and orchestration
Static routing tables
SDN simplifies multi-tenant isolation through:
VLANs only
Virtual network overlays
Static addressing
MPLS tunnels
Which protocol is most often used to manage overlay networks in SDN-based data centers?
GRE
VXLAN
HTTP
MPLS
The ONOS Intent Framework enables:
Manual flow rule writing
Automatic compilation of high-level intents into flow rules
Static packet forwarding
Legacy hardware translation
SDN enables load balancing by:
Using static IP mapping
Dynamically adjusting flows based on traffic
Hardcoding routes in each switch
Increasing bandwidth physically
Which of the following is an SDN use case in Wide Area Networks (WANs)?
Static route provisioning
WAN optimization via centralized control
Manual IP assignment
Local-only broadcast
In enterprise networks, SDN can enforce security policies by:
Centralized policy controllers
Manual switch ACLs
VLAN-only segmentation
Using hardware-only firewalls
The Google B4 network is an SDN use case for:
Home WiFi
Global data center interconnection
Cloud storage
Internet of Things
SDN applications that automatically reroute traffic to avoid congestion implement:
Static routing
Traffic engineering
Network slicing
Port mirroring
Which SDN-based project focuses on network automation for data centers using open-source tools?
OpenDaylight
OpenStack Neutron
OPNFV
Mininet
In SDN, QoS (Quality of Service) management can be dynamically controlled by:
Northbound applications
Southbound protocols
Data plane
Hypervisors
SDN supports multi-domain orchestration through which type of API?
Northbound
East–West
Southbound
CLI
Which SDN component in ONOS is responsible for managing network topology and flow rules?
Intent Manager
Core Network Manager
Topology Service
Flow Manager
Which use case best demonstrates SDN in IoT environments?
Device authentication only
Network slicing for different IoT services
Manual switch routing
Static policy enforcement
SDN helps achieve network automation primarily by:
Replacing controllers with manual scripts
Using programmable APIs to manage network states
Eliminating routers
Fixing network paths permanently
Which open-source controller was designed to handle carrier-grade SDN networks?
ONOS
Ryu
POX
Floodlight
SDN can improve disaster recovery in data centers by:
Dynamically re-routing traffic to backup sites
Increasing hardware redundancy only
Using manual failover
Disabling low-priority servers
Network virtualization in SDN allows:
Running multiple logical networks on a shared infrastructure
Using only physical switches
Limiting user access
Manual control of IP ranges
What is the key benefit of Open Network Operating System (ONOS) in production environments?
Single-thread control
Distributed and fault-tolerant design
Proprietary API control
Hardware-level coding
In SDN data centers, the southbound API communicates primarily between:
Applications and controller
Controller and network devices
Controllers and users
Network users and services
SDN-based WAN controllers can dynamically optimize:
Bandwidth allocation and latency reduction
Hardware power usage
Subnet masks
VLAN ID mapping
The ONOS GUI provides visibility of which network components?
Physical topology and flow status
Only user applications
Hypervisor logs
Southbound APIs
SDN firewall applications use which API to apply flow-based security rules?
Northbound API
Southbound API
Westbound API
Event-driven API
Which of the following use cases best fits campus networks using SDN?
Centralized VLAN and access control
Manual subnet partitioning
Local static routing
Hardware-defined QoS
The FlowVisor project allows:
Virtualization of OpenFlow networks into slices
Hardware-level encryption
Topology discovery
NAT translation
In SDN-based security monitoring, real-time anomaly detection is achieved through:
Deep packet inspection applications
Static ACLs
Manual filtering
Flow caching
What is one advantage of SDN in multi-cloud environments?
Seamless inter-cloud connectivity and orchestration
Vendor-specific configurations
Manual data migration
Single controller dependency
SDN use cases in mobile networks (5G) mainly involve:
Network slicing and flexible traffic control
Static bandwidth allocation
Manual mobility management
Fixed service chaining
ONOS supports northbound REST APIs for:
Exposing network functions to external applications
Direct hardware programming
Southbound communication
VLAN setup
SDN can improve load balancing across data centers by:
Monitoring link utilization dynamically
Hardcoding port numbers
Disabling QoS
Using manual IP mapping
In SDN-based networks, policy-based routing means:
Forwarding packets based on pre-defined business rules
Using static routing tables
Ignoring QoS rules
Prioritizing hardware ports
The SDN controller application responsible for traffic path optimization is called:
Intent Manager
Path Computation Element (PCE)
Topology Manager
Routing Daemon
Which company implemented SDN in its WAN (B4 project) to interconnect data centers?
Amazon
Cisco
What is the major challenge for SDN deployment in legacy networks?
Which of the following is a common challenge in SDN deployment?
Hardware incompatibility with OpenFlow
Too much software overhead
Lack of routers
Excessive cabling
The future of SDN emphasizes integration with which emerging technology?
Edge computing and AI
Bluetooth systems
Satellite communication
RFID readers
In SDN security, the control plane is a target for:
Data congestion
Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks
Hardware overheating
Cable failures
The data plane in SDN is mainly protected through:
Flow-based access control and encryption
Hardware-only firewalls
VLAN segmentation
SSH authentication
Which of the following represents a security advantage of SDN?
Centralized visibility and policy enforcement
Increased hardware complexity
Decentralized rule management
Vendor-specific controls
In SDN, the firewall function can be implemented as:
A network application running on the controller
A hardware device only
SDN-based load balancers work by:
Dynamically rerouting flows based on utilization
Manually assigning IPs
Adjusting MAC addresses
Splitting packets by port number
In SDN, Open Security Controller (OSC) is designed for:
Automating security virtual network functions
Network slicing
QoS management
Topology discovery
The main drawback of centralized SDN security is:
Single point of failure
Reduced throughput
Lack of encryption
Vendor lock-in
Legacy network integration with SDN often requires:
Hybrid network architecture
Full hardware replacement
Software rollback
Manual routing
The SDN controller ensures policy-based access control through:
Flow rule enforcement in switches
Hardware configuration
VLAN trunking
Open source controllers such as ONOS and OpenDaylight contribute to SDN by:
Accelerating innovation and standardization
Increasing licensing cost
Restricting interoperability
Reducing scalability
In SDN, security applications use real-time analytics to:
Detect network anomalies and intrusions
Configure VLANs
Enable SNMP polling
Modify IP addresses
Which component in SDN architecture can dynamically deploy virtual firewalls?
Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)
Control Plane
OpenFlow Agent
Data Plane
Micro-segmentation in SDN security helps to:
Limit attack spread within the network
Increase switch speed
Enable broadcast domains
Compress packets
SDN can improve threat mitigation through:
Programmable, centralized policy enforcement
Hardware encryption
VLAN tagging only
In SDN, northbound APIs contribute to future scalability by:
Enabling app-driven network management
Connecting physical switches
Handling routing protocols
Managing flow tables directly
Which open-source SDN project focuses on security automation and orchestration?
Open Security Controller (OSC)
Mininet
Wireshark
NS-3
SDN’s programmable load balancers can adjust flow routing based on:
Real-time traffic and server performance metrics
Static routing policies
Manual admin input
IP version
Future SDN architectures integrate machine learning for:
Predictive network optimization and threat detection
Faster routing protocols
VLAN assignment
Manual decision-making
The SDN controller failure can be mitigated by:
Deploying distributed controller clusters
Increasing router size
Disabling OpenFlow
Access control policies in SDN can be enforced through:
Flow-based rules and dynamic ACLs
Manual switch commands
Static VLANs
ARP spoofing
A key security concern for SDN’s northbound API is:
Unauthorized application access
Low-level packet fragmentation
Flow table overflow
Hardware mismatch
SDN’s open-source community is important because:
It accelerates controller innovation and interoperability testing
It limits scalability
It hides source code
It blocks proprietary systems
