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WorksheetsCMS Philo AY 25-26 Final Quiz
Total questions: 45
Worksheet time: 15mins
According to John Rawls, which concept is considered the 'first virtue' of social institutions, taking precedence over all other considerations?
Efficiency
Utility
Justice
Freedom
What core idea is encapsulated by Rawls's concept of the 'inviolability of the person'?
The government must provide social security and welfare for all citizens.
Individual rights and dignity cannot be sacrificed even for the greater happiness or welfare of the majority.
All persons must have equal income and wealth regardless of their contribution.
Every person has the right to own private property without any limitations.
In Rawls's Original Position, what is the primary purpose of the 'Veil of Ignorance'?
To ensure that decisions are based on traditional cultural norms and values.
To blind individuals to their own social class, talents, and wealth so they must choose principles impartially.
To prevent political debate and establish an authoritarian system quickly.
To allow participants to maximize their personal gain since they have no idea what they will receive.
Which of Rawls's two principles of justice has 'lexical priority' and must be satisfied before the second principle can be addressed?
The Difference Principle
The Fair Equality of Opportunity Principle
The Principle of Meritocracy
The Equal Basic Liberties Principle
The 'Fair Equality of Opportunity' part of Rawls's second principle primarily requires that:
All citizens must start life with the same amount of money and resources.
Careers and positions must be formally open to all, regardless of race, but without any other support.
Offices and positions must be open to all, and everyone must have a genuine and fair chance to attain them, regardless of social background.
The government must guarantee a job for every citizen who wants one.
Which scenario best exemplifies the application of Rawls's Difference Principle (DP)?
A flat tax system is implemented where everyone pays the same percentage of their income, ensuring equality.
A CEO's higher salary is justified because it attracts top talent, leading to innovations that lower the cost of living for the poor.
Wealth is continually redistributed from the rich to the poor until all citizens have exactly the same amount of resources.
All basic liberties are guaranteed, but economic differences are ignored as long as the majority is happy.
What is the primary goal of Rawls's project of 'modern liberalism'?
To establish a purely communist state where all wealth is held in common.
To prioritize economic growth above all else to raise the national GDP.
To balance the values of freedom and equality so that the least-advantaged can still improve their lives.
To create a society that relies exclusively on traditional religious morality.
In Paul Ricoeur's analysis, which dimension of human existence is represented by the Priest and the Levite who were preoccupied with their roles?
The Interpersonal Dimension (The Neighbor)
The Institutional Dimension (The Socius)
The Moral Dimension (The Categorical Imperative)
The Universal Dimension (The Citizen)
Ricoeur describes the Interpersonal Dimension as the relationship with the Neighbor. What is the defining characteristic of this relationship?
It is based on a formal contract and mutual legal obligation.
It is mediated by an organized group or bureaucracy.
It is a spontaneous act of charity and compassion that transcends established rules or social categories.
It requires the other person to be a member of one's own religious or ethnic group.
According to Ricoeur, when does the Social Dimension (The Socius) become problematic?
When institutions fail to collect enough taxes to sustain their operations.
When the person is too absorbed in their role, making the other person impersonal or invisible.
When there are too many laws, making it difficult for people to keep track of them.
When individuals refuse to join any organized groups or community activities.
Ricoeur asserts that the personal act of charity (The Neighbor) should serve as a 'permanent critique' of social relationships. What does this mean?
It means social relationships are inherently wrong and should be abolished.
It means personal compassion must constantly remind institutions to stay focused on serving the persons they were created for.
It means individuals should publicly criticize government officials at all times.
It means one's personal life must be entirely separate from one's public life and roles.
What analogy does the lesson use to illustrate the difference between the 'neighbor' and the 'socius'?
The Parable of the Prodigal Son
The Myth of Sisyphus
The Parable of the Good Samaritan
The Allegory of the Cave
When Ricoeur says the social and interpersonal are in a dialectic, he means that they are:
In constant, irreconcilable conflict, making a just society impossible.
Two independent forces that must be strictly separated in a society.
Two complementary dimensions that ideally should work together to ensure a full human life and inform institutions.
Opposite concepts that must be judged equally by the laws of nature.
Amartya Sen argues that development should be measured by the expansion of:
A nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and total income.
A nation's military power and technological superiority.
The real freedoms (capabilities) that people enjoy and have the ability to exercise.
The availability of cheap consumer goods and services.
According to the Capabilities Approach, two people with the exact same income are unequal if:
They vote for different political parties.
One person lives in an area with excellent public services and the other lives in an area with no healthcare or education.
They both choose to save their money instead of spending it on goods.
They live in different countries with different currencies.
Why is democracy considered by Sen to be a vital instrument for human development?
Because democracy always results in the fastest possible economic growth.
Because it allows people to achieve a life worthy of their dignity and gives them a voice to demand their basic entitlements.
Because it forces all citizens to agree on a single, universally defined conception of the 'good life.'
Because it completely eliminates poverty and famine through its voting process.
Thomas Nagel's view on global justice is considered skeptical because he argues that the obligations of justice are primarily limited to:
The shared moral principles of all human beings globally.
A nation's own citizens under a single sovereign government.
All nations that belong to the United Nations and adhere to international law.
Only nations that share a common language and cultural heritage.
What is the nature of the duty that Thomas Nagel believes wealthy nations owe to poor nations?
A strict duty to apply the Difference Principle globally.
A duty of assistance or humanitarian aid, similar to charity, but not strict justice.
No duty at all, as each nation is solely responsible for itself.
A duty of reparations to compensate for centuries of colonization and exploitation
Thomas Pogge's cosmopolitan view on global justice is primarily based on the claim that:
Global poverty is solely the result of internal corruption and weak institutions in poor nations.
The rich nations are passively allowing global poverty to exist without intervening.
Global poverty is actively caused and sustained by historical exploitation and unjust global structures designed by wealthy nations.
Justice should be completely ignored in favor of national self-interest.
What does Thomas Pogge's call for a Global Difference Principle entail?
The global system must be reformed so that inequalities between nations benefit the poorest nations.
All nations must agree to become political democracies.
The poorest nations must implement the same economic policies as the richest nations.
A strict requirement that all nations must have exactly the same per capita income.
According to Roger Troisfontaines, what is the greatest fear of mortals concerning death?
The pain of the physical body.
The fear of financial ruin.
The fear of separation and loss of self.
The uncertainty of the afterlife.
A student consistently avoids thinking about the future, preferring to spend time on fleeting pleasures with a motto of "YOLO" (You Only Live Once). Heidegger would classify this as an example of:
Authentic being-towards-death.
The freedom from the world.
Being-ahead-of-himself.
An inauthentic mode of existence.
For Martin Heidegger, the authentic acceptance of death as one's "own-most possibility" leads to an experience of:
Total despair.
Fundamental freedom.
Social inconvenience.
Religious salvation.
In Heidegger's philosophy, the "inauthentic mode of existence" is characterized by being immersed in the:
"Ultimate possibility."
"Ahead-of-himself."
"They-self" or the crowd.
"Fundamental option."
A terminally ill person, knowing their time is short, decides to dedicate their remaining months to completing a life-long project and mending relationships. This action best demonstrates:
A. A purposeless, inner life.
B. The authentic acceptance of their finitude.
C. Their immersion in the crowd.
D. The total denial of separation.
What term does Filipino philosopher Manuel Dy, Jr. use to describe the human being as an "unfinished project"?
The "Absolute."
The "Fulfillment."
The "Not-Yet."
The "Contingency."
A community leader focuses solely on solving local problems using scientific data and human consensus, explicitly rejecting religious guidance in policy-making. This approach is an example of:
The problem of evil.
A purely secular perspective.
Rahner's ultimate freedom.
An authentic self-affirmation.
According to Karl Rahner, why does death constitute the "highest act of freedom for man"?
It involves the whole person and is a final self-affirmation.
It is a purely biological event that we passively suffer.
It frees one from all religious commitments.
It allows one to return to the crowd.
You witness a historical injustice that resulted in the mass murder of innocent people. Applying Elie Wiesel's view, your primary moral duty is to:
Forget the past to focus on the future.
Seek personal forgiveness for the murderers.
Speak for the dead so their pleas are not rendered meaningless.
Be indifferent to history's violence.
The view that moral values proceed from man and that the state must be neutral, free from religious influence, is known as:
Existentialism.
Transcendence.
Secularism.
Stoicism.
The Epicurean paradox challenges the existence of a God who is both omnipotent and all-loving due to the reality of:
The "Not-Yet."
Human finitude.
Moral freedom.
Evil.
A person has lived a life of profound generosity and moral integrity. When facing death, Karl Rahner would view this death as:
A. A passive, unexpected evil.
B. A meaningless loss of potentiality.
C. A final, definitive act of self-affirmation.
D. A failure of human freedom.
For Heidegger, what specific mood or feeling reveals death as a possibility that individualizes the person?
Happiness.
Anxiety (Angst).
Indifference.
Resignation.
In the context of the Absolute (God), the feeling of both awe and dread towards the divine's immense power is termed:
Indifference.
Liberation.
Captivity.
Reverence.
A person sees a tragic event and asks, "If a loving God is in control, why would He let this happen?" This question directly engages with the philosophical concept of:
Secularism.
The "not-yet."
The Problem of Evil
Being-towards-an-end
What is the final consequence of the "not-yet" of man, according to the excerpt?
The projection of possibilities.
The illusion of immortality.
The fruition/completion in death.
The development of an illusory self.
A young artist believes that their purpose will only be fully realized when they have completed their final masterpiece. Manuel Dyr, Jr. would describe the artist's current state as an expression of the person as:
An Absolute being.
A being rooted in the nothingness of his existence.
An objective reality.
A perfected individual.
Elie Wiesel's ultimate purpose in life, based on his Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech, is a steadfast commitment toward:
Personal fame and wealth.
Overcoming political secularism.
Those who desperately need us.
Philosophical neutrality.
By choosing to live a life guided by one's own deeply held values instead of being held captive by illusory societal trends, a person is exercising the greater freedom achieved through:
The illusion of immortality.
Rejecting the Absolute.
Accepting one's mortality.
The banality of evil.
When a person's life is lived in momentary states, purposeless, and without a sense of wholeness, this is described as a(n) ________ life.
Authentic.
Transcendent.
Linear/Inauthentic.
Absolute.
The state of being a tiny particle in the universe and being overwhelmed by the realization of the Absolute's "control and dominion" is best described as an experience of:
Meaningless linearity.
Being free from the world.
Nothingness in front of the divine.
An indifferent crowd.
The authentic attitude toward death is grounded in the acceptance of what key concept?
Human finitude.
God's direct interference.
The they-self.
The concept of neutrality.
Which term describes death as a possibility that "cannot be taken over by another" and is "his and his alone"?
Nonrepresentational.
Objective.
Linear.
Secular.
The text suggests that true love, realized in freedom, can never be hindered by death because:
Death is merely a social inconvenience.
Love is always united with the other through the Absolute.
The individual loses all potentiality for being.
The they-self has already triumphed.
According to the text, the banality of evil refers to:
The inherent evil in nature.
Its inability to recognize the violence it does to life itself.
Its final defeat by love.
Its role in maintaining human freedom.
