WorksheetsCell Structure and Function Concepts
Total questions: 63
Worksheet time: 32mins
what is the smallest unit of living matter
cell
nucleus
atom
a multicellular organism such as a rabbit, is
composed of on giant cell
composed of a single cell
composed of a variety of different cell types
composed of many cells that are all the same type
a multicellular organism such as a rabbit, is
composed of on giant cell
composed of a single cell
composed of a variety of different cell types
composed of many cells that are all the same type
which of the following features is a unique to bacterial cells compared to eukaryotic cells?
cell membrane
cell wall
ribosome
nucleoid region
most bacteria live in a solutions that is hypotonic relative to the cytoplasm of the bacteria. this means that the bacterial cell is constantly taking in water. The cell wall of bacterium is a peptidoglycan polymer that is tightly linked. this would therefore function to
make all bacteria fairly uniform in metabolic chemistry
provide a rigid wall that prevents the cell from shrinking
confirm a close relationship to plant cells that have a similar structure in hypotonic solutions
which of the following do not help direct the movement of materials or organelles throughout the cell
rough endoplasmic reticulum
cytoskeleton
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
according to the endosymbiosis theory___ were engulfed by larger eukaryotic cells.
ribosomes
golgi apparatus
lysosomes
mitochondria
__are to ribosomes as lipids are to ___.
sugars; peroxisomes
proteins; smooth endoplasmic reticulum
carbohydrates; rough endoplasmic reticulum
nucleoli; lysosomes
which cellular organelle is the most prominent?
mitochondria
lysosome
nucleus
nucleolus
which is a true statement about ribosomes?
ribosomes are active in carbohydrate synthesis
ribosomal subunits leave the nucleus after being formed by the nucleus
ribosomes contain and protein
ribosomes are only found associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in prokaryotic cells
DNA is housed within the nucleus, but the mRNA code needs to leave in order to be translated into a protein. How do mRNA code leave the nucleus if the nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope?
The nuclear envelope dissolves in order to allow the mRNA code to leave.
The nuclear envelope contains pores which provide passage for the mRNA.
A vesicle will bud off from the nuclear envelope containing the mRNA.
What structures enable the vesicles from the Golgi apparatus to fuse with the cell membrane?
phospholipids
cholesterol molecules within the cell membrane
secretory vesicles that engulf the Golgi apparatus will allow the vesicles to fuse
membrane-associated proteins
which of the following gives rise to both lysosomes and vesicles?
rough endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
mitochondria
centrioles
Golgi apparatus
Insulin is synthesized in significant quantities only in beta cells in the pancreas. When the beta cell is appropriately stimulated by rising blood glucose levels, insulin is secreted from the cell by exocytosis. What organelle would be responsible for the packaging and transporting the insulin out of the cell?
Centrioles
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Golgi apparatus
A researcher is studying the effects of a new drug on the endomembrane system. She notices the Golgi apparatus is not receiving any proteins and that it is not able to ship any proteins. What part of the endomembrane system was probably affected by this new drug?
Nucleus
Mitochondria
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Vesicles
Ribosomes
The central vacuole
provides the plant cell with support.
stores nutrients and cellular waste products.
is a reservoir for water.
All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following products is NOT generally stored in vacuoles?
water-soluble pigments
Sugars
Water
ATP
All of the following are associated with the mitochondria except
ATP production
Cristae
Matrix
Stroma
Which is NOT a characteristic of mitochondria?
Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration.
The inner space of the mitochondrion contains a fluid matrix.
Mitochondria have a single membrane for cellular respiration.
Mitochondria contain DNA and ribosomes.
Which cytoskeletal element is NOT correctly associated with its characteristic?
Cilia are small extensions of membrane-surrounded microtubules.
Microtubules are made up of a globular protein called tubulin.
Flagella have a nine + two pattern of microtubule structure.
Centrioles are found in the microtubule organizing centers of plants.
Basal bodies are located at the base of cilia and flagella.
Single-celled paramecia as well as the cells that line our respiratory tract have these short hairlike projections:
Pili
Centrioles
Cilia
Flagella
Some parasites and disease agents regularly change their identity before our immune system can build up substantial antibodies. How can cells change their chemical identity on a regular basis?
Rapid evolution produces mutations.
A new phospholipid bilayer is generated to replace the old layer.
Because the membrane is "set," the cell must reproduce and then the cell with the old membrane must die.
Which type of molecule will not diffuse directly across the cell membrane without the help of transport proteins?
Na+
Non polar molecules
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Which of the following protein functions is not correctly associated with the correct integral protein?
carrier proteins-facilitate passage of molecules through the membrane
channel proteins-block the activity of carrier proteins
cell recognition proteins-recognize pathogens
enzymatic proteins-catalyze a specific reaction
Which channel protein assists the passage of water across the cell membrane?
aquaporin.
the sodium-potassium pump.
ATP synthase.
Integrin
Which of the below is NOT a component of an animal cell membrane that regulates the fluidity by stiffening the membrane at higher temperatures and preventing the membrane from freezing at lower temperatures?
Cholesterol
Lipid in nature
A steroid
An integral protein
Which statement is NOT true about the proteins in the plasma membrane?
Glycoproteins contain carbohydrate chains that are oriented toward the inner surface of the membrane.
Proteins may be attached to the inner surface of the plasma membrane.
Integral proteins are responsible for membrane functions.
Some peripheral proteins are connected to cytoskeletal filaments.
If a living plant were moved from a freshwater aquarium to a saltwater aquarium, which of the following would occur?
Nothing. The plant would be fine in either aquarium.
The plant's cells would take on water and would lyse.
The plant's cells would lose water and plasmolysis would occur.
The plant's cells would take on ions.
Sugars and amino acids are carried into the cell by means of
endocytosis.
diffusion.
exocytosis.
facilitated transport.
Which is the best definition of osmosis?
The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.
The movement of a substance against its concentration gradient through the release of energy from ATP.
The movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration.
Freshwater protozoans react to a/an___
environment by removing water through___
hypotonic; turgor pressure
isotonic, a contractile vacuole
hypotonic; a contractile vacuole
hypertonic; turgor pressure
A 10% glucose solution is placed in the thistle tube. The thistle tube is placed in a beaker that contains a 5% glucose solution. The solution in the thistle tube is _
- to the solution in the beaker.
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Nine of the answers choices
What will happen to a celery stick that is placed in a glass of water?
Salts will move into the celery cells from the surrounding solution.
Water will move into the celery cells from the surrounding solution.
Salts will move out of the celery cells into the surrounding solution.
Water will move out of the celery cells into the surrounding solution.
Which process is responsible for moving cellular wastes across the cell membrane and out of the cell?
receptor-mediated endocytosis
pinocytosis
endocytosis
exocytosis
Why is the energy expended during endocytosis worth it?
The cell expends such a small amount of energy to run endocytosis it doesn't really matter.
The contents drawn into the cell are isolated from the cytoplasm preventing them from altering cellular function.
The cell increases the amount of ATP produced in order to complete endocytosis.
There is no energy expénditure during endocytosis.
Which type of cellular process will most likely be used by an amoeba in order to obtain food?
receptor-mediated endocytosis
exocytosis
pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
What type of transport mechanism is required to move sodium ions against their concentration gradient?
passive
diffusion
osmosis
active
Active transport
requires an input of ATP.
is involved in diffusion.
occurs in osmosis and facilitated transport.
Which of the following situations is most likely to produce a heart attack?
The gap junctions have collapsed and they do not allow the correct flow of ions from one cell to the next.
The cell walls have broken down and are not able to support the heart.
The plasmodesmata have collapsed and they do not allow the correct flow of ions from one cell to the next.
The tight junction has ripped and is allowing ions to leak through the membrane lining the heart.
Imagine a person has a genetic disorder that prevents them from producing the protein collagen. What types of cellular issues will they be faced with?
The cell will not have the ability to divide properly.
The cell will not have the ability to regulate the movement of molecules through the membrane.
The cell would not be recognized by the body's immune system.
The cell would not have the ability to resist stretching.
Which cell junction will allow the movement of molecules between two plant cells?
Tight
plasmodesmata
Adhesion
Gap
Study the figure shown here. What does the letter "A" depict?
energy of the reactant
substrate concentration
energy of activation
energy of the product
The metabolic pathway below involves how many possible chemical reactions?
A->B->C->D->E
Five
One
Six
Four
Study the graph shown here. The letter "B" depicts the__
, while "C" depicts __
reactant concentration; activation energy
energy of the product; energy of activation
energy of activation; energy of the product
energy of the reactant; energy of the product
All of the following would denature a protein except
a missing coenzyme.
addition of a strong acid.
heating to temperatures above 100° C.
addition of a strong base.
Which of the following statements is NOT true about enzyme inhibition?
In competitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme.
In noncompetitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme.
In irreversible inhibition, a poison binds to the enzyme so that it can never work again.
Most inhibitors act in a reversible fashion.
Competitive inhibitors denature the enzyme.
The activity of an enzyme might be increased by all of the following except
a two to four degree increase in temperature.
the presence of other enzymes.
an increase in substrate concentration.
A vitamin
A coenzyme is
an inorganic ion that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work.
an inorganic ion that interacts with an enzyme to inhibit it.
a nonprotein organic molecule that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work.
a protein-based organic molecule that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work.
If there are twelve different intermediate products produced in the stages of a metabolic pathway within a cell, we can expect that there
are about twelve enzymes, at least one responsible for each step in the metabolic pathway.
is one enzyme that carries this process through to the end product.
must be twelve different raw materials combined in the cell by one enzyme.
may not be any enzymes involved if this is a natural cell product.
is one enzyme for degradation and another enzyme for synthesis.
Lactose is milk sugar, and as infants, humans produce substantial amounts of the lactase enzyme to digest it. However as we age, we soon lose some or even all of our lactase. In such cases, undigested lactose passes to the lower intestine which will break it down into lactic acid and CO2, causing painful gas and bloating. This problem could be avoided by
taking any enzyme tablets when consuming dairy products.
taking lactase enzyme tablets when consuming lactose products.
taking lactase enzyme tablets or avoiding all dairy products.
consuming lactose in tablet form.
avoiding all dairy products containing lactose.
Which statement describes the currently accepted theory of how an enzyme and its substrate fit together?
When the product binds to the enzyme, the substrate changes shape to accommodate the reaction.
The enzyme is like a key that fits into the substrate, which is like a lock.
The active site is permanently changed by its interaction with the substrate.
As the substrate binds to the enzyme, the shape of the active site changes to accommodate the reaction.
What structure is required for an eukaryotic organism to be classified as an autotroph?
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
Golgi body
Mitochrondia
Which of the following organisms are capable of photosynthesis?
plants, algae, and some bacteria
plants and some bacteria only
plants only
plants and algae only
what does the term stroma refer?
the fluid-filled space of the chloroplast
a stack of thylakoid membrane structures
the pores on the underside of the leaf that facilitate gas exchange
To what does the term grana refer?
the fluid-filled space of the chloroplast
a stack of thylakoid membranes
a flattened disk or sac in the chloroplast
Which is most closely associated with the Calvin cycle?
ATP production
carbon dioxide production
oxygen production
carbon dioxide fixation
What is the ultimate destination for the energized electrons during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
They are taken up by NADPH to produce NADP+
They are taken up by NADP+ to produce NADPH.
They are taken up by NAD+ to produce NADH.
They are taken up by NADH to produce NAD+.
A product of photosynthesis, -
-, is the chief source of energy for most organisms.
Oxygen
Sucrose
Glucose
What are the end products of photosynthesis?
water and oxygen
carbohydrate and water
oxygen and carbohydrate
water and carbon dioxide
The function of sunlight in photosynthesis is to
reduce NADPH to NADP.
fix O2 in the Calvin cycle.
excite electrons in chlorophyll.
combine carbon dioxide and water to form ATP and NADPH.
Why are plants green?
They reflect the colors of the visible light spectrum and absorb all of the wavelengths associated with the ultraviolet spectrum.
They absorb only green wavelengths of light.
They absorb only yellow and blue wavelengths of light, which when mixed within the leaf, give plants their characteristic green color.
They reflect green wavelengths of light and absorb other colors of the visible light spectrum.
They reflect all of the ultraviolet wavelengths and absorb all of the visible light spectrum.
Protons (H*) accumulate in the thylakoid space during electron transport between photosystems Il and I. Which of the following describes what will happen to these protons next?
The protons will diffuse out of the lipid layer surrounding the thylakoid and exit the plant during gas exchange.
The protons will move from the thylakoid space to the stroma through an ATP synthase complex that generates ATP.
The protons will raise the pH of the thylakoid space until it becomes alkaline at which point the protons are pumped out of the thylakoid, generating ATP.
Which statement is NOT true about the noncyclic electron pathway?
It produces NADPH.
It produces ATP.
It produces carbohydrates through carbon dioxide fixation.
Sunlight excites electrons in photosystem II.
