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WorksheetsSAT/RAD TEST 2
Total questions: 76
Worksheet time: 3600secs
What does RADAR stand for?
(a)
Sends out it's own EM energy to record backscatter of energy, recorded by remote sensor's receiver(ex: RADAR, LIDAR,SONAR)
Active Remote Sensing
Passive Remote Sensing
record reflected EM energy that was emitted from the surface of the Earth (ex: blue, green, red, near-IR light)
Active Remote Sensing
Passive Remote Sensing
What does RDF stand for?
(a)
What is the change in observed frequency of a wave due to the relative motion between the wave's source and the observer
Doppler Effect
RADAR
Cavity Magnetron
Satellite Effect
Which of these are pros of RADAR
Super resolution Sampling
Improved Nowcasting
Precip. Estimation
Fixed Sampling
Which of these are cons of the RADAR?
Fixed Sampling
High maintenance cost
Calibration errors and Beam spreading/beam filling errors
different Z-R relationships must be used
Attenuation and Anomalous Propagation
What helps to find the location and movement of targets?
(a)
Which equation is this 10log10(z/1mm6/m3)?
(a)
What is the number of radiation pulses emitted by the RADAR energy second?
(a)
What is radiation backscattered off of a far away target and received at at the radar after the radiation from next pulse has been sent?
(a)
what has a strong rotational couplet 2-8mi and it's tornadoes are smaller and lower beneath the radar?
(a)
What is used to refer to pixel to pixel in/outbound couplet difference?
(a)
What measures basic properties of the portion of backscattered energy, with major minor corrections an enhancements?
base products
base velocity
base reflectivity
What transforms base products based on meteorological relationships?
(a)
What is any non meteorological target in the scene (aka ground clutter or anomalous propagation, often occurs in lowest tilts close to radar sites, ex: birds, insects, smoke, buildings, fires, wind farms, traffic, etc)
(a)
What does it mean when the atmosphere has rapid density changes in height, affected by pressure, temperature, and moisture
(a)
What is a change in pitch in passing target approaching and beyond a point of reference (used to determine change in frequency of waves approaching and moving away from the radar to measure velocity of the target)?
Doppler Shift
Doppler Radar
Doppler misnomer
What does RDA stand for?
(a)
Which RDA Level is raw unprocessed Data?
Level 3
Level 1
Level 2
Which RDA Level has basic products of base reflectivity, radial velocity, and spectrum width data, with radial velocity is 250m, and vertical resolution: 9-14 vertical tilts available
Level 2
Level 1
Level 3
What RDA level has basic products consist of a number(processed) data products including, base reflectivity radial velocity, storm-relative velocity, echo tops, vertically integrated liquid(VIL), 1hr/3hr storm total precip. estimates, and the vertical azimuth display (VAD) wind profiler
level 1
level 2
level 3
What does VAD stand for?
(a)
What does VIL stand for?
(a)
What does NEXRAD stand for?
(a)
What does CAPPI Stand for?
(a)
What does SAILS stand for?
(a)
What effect flips the temperature layer therefore bending radar beams weirdly causing the radar to see things that aren't there?
Convergence
Inversion
Diversion
Difluence
What effect is a directional aspect of divergence?
Difluence
Inversion
Convergence
Divergence
What is a void sample area in the volume scan?
(a)
What does VCP stand for?
(a)
What are the two VCP modes?
Clear Air and Precipitation
Storm and urgent
Tornado and Hurricane
Cloudy and Sunny
Which VCP mode has slow and low scan details, a large cone of silence, is good from snow, smoke, etc. and uses VCPs 31&32
Clear Air Mode
Precipitation Mode
Which VCP mode has faster and subscan strategies, greater vertical sampling, good for precipitating events, and uses VCPs 11 12 and 21?
Clear Air Mode
Precipitation Coverage
Which VCP is the original convection VCP, uniform vertical sampling 14 slices, 5 min, is good for severe weather, and has fewer gaps in vertical sampling?
(a)
Which VCP is the original stratiform VCP, has 9 elevation slices, 6min, is good for non-severe detection and analysis, and has uniform low level and gaps aloft
(a)
Which VCP uses clear air mode=5 slices, 10 min, and has long pulse highest sensitivity but at the cost decreased wind velocity range?
(a)
Which VCP has a short pulse lower sensitivity but with the advantage of increased wind velocity range?
(a)
Which Band has frequency of 40-100 and wavelength of 0.75-0.30
(a)
Which Band has a frequency of 26.5-40 and wavelength of 1.1 - 0.75
(a)
Which Band has a frequency of 18-26.5 and wavelength of 1.7-1.1
(a)
Which band has a frequency of 12.5 to 18 and wavelength of 2.4 to 1.7
(a)
Which Band has a frequency of 8 to 12.5 and wavelength of 3.75 to 2.4
(a)
Which Band has a frequency of 4 to 8 and a wavelength of 7.5 to 3.75
(a)
Which Band has a frequency of 2 to 4 and a wavelength of 15 to 7.5
(a)
Which Band has a frequency of 1 to 2 and a wavelength of 30 to 15
(a)
Which Band has a frequency of 0.3 to 1 and a wavelength of 100 to 30
(a)
Which WSR-88D radar product depicts a full 360 sweep of radial velocity data and is used to estimate wind speed and direction and determines regions of significant shear and identifies areas of circulation and determines storm structure?
Base Velocity
Base Reflectivity
Storm relative velocity
Echo Tops
Which WSR-88D radar product depicts a full 360 sweep of echo intensity data and is used to observe precipitation intensity and movement, determines storm structures estimates hail potential, and identifies cloud layers and detects light snow drizzle birds insects and smoke plumes?
Base Reflectivity
Base Velocity
Storm Relative velocity
Spectrum Width
Which WSR-88D radar product depicts a 27nm by 27nm region of storm relative mean radial velocity centered on a point which the operator can specify anywhere within a 124nm radius of the radar, and is used to aid in displaying shear and rotation in thunderstorms and storm top divergence that might otherwise be obscured by storm motion, and is used to examine 3-D storm relative flow of a specific thunderstorm?
Base Reflectivity
Base Velocity
Storm Relative Velocity (SRV)
Spectrum Width (SW)
Which WSR-88D radar product depicts a full 360 sweep of spectrum width data indicating a measure of velocity dispersion within the radar sample volume, is used to estimate turbulence associated with boundaries thunderstorms and mesocyclones, and is used to check the reliability of the velocity estimates and locate boundaries?
Spectrum Width (SW)
Storm Relative Velocity (SRV)
Base Velocity (BV)
Echo Tops (ET)
Which GR2 Analyst product measures the height above the ground of the center of the radar beam using the tilt or scan that contains the highest elevation where reflectivity values greater than 18.5 dBz can be detected?
Spectrum Width (SW)
Echo Tops (ET)
Storm Relative Velocity (SRV)
Base Reflectivity (BR)
Which WSR-88D product displays reflectivity data converted into liquid water equivalent via an empirically-derived relationship which assumes that all reflectivity returns are from liquid water, assumes precipitation falls downward, shows a strongly sheard environment, precip is ventilated downstream and is used to indicate presence and approximate size of hail, locate the most significant thunderstorms or areas of possible heavy rainfall, rapid decrease in VIL values may signify the onset of wind damage?
Vertically Integrated Liquid (VIL)
Echo Tops (ET)
VIL Density (VILD)
Base Reflectivity (BR)
Which GR2 Analyst product normalizes the VIL using the height/depth(echo top) of a thunderstorm, and can be used to identify thunderstorms with high reflectivity values relative to their height?
VIL Density (VILD)
Vertically Integrated Liquid (VIL)
Base Reflectivity (BR)
Base Velocity (BV)
What is a cell-based algorithm rather than a grid-based algorithm is used?
Base Reflectivity (BR)
Probability of Severe Hail (POSH)
VIL Density (VILD)
Base Velocity (BV)
What is derived from SHI, and is the preferred hail algorithm over VIL?
Cooling With Height
Base Reflectivity (BR)
Maximum Expected Hail Size (MEHS)
Probability of severe Hail (POSH)
What is a fairly complex derived product that tries to find areas of rotation in dualized base velocity
(a)
What is a mesocyclone detection algorithm that uses NROT to find and stack rotations, 2d rotations are vertically correlated to produce a 3d rotation stack?
(a)
What is the scale for weak in GR-MDA
1.0-1.5
1.5-2.0
2.0-2.5
2.5-5.0
What is the scale for strong in GR-MDA?
1.0-1.5
2.5-5.0
1.5-2.0
2.0-2.5
What Algorithm is designed to detect rotation on a scale of <1km
(a)
What is a doppler RADAR alarm resulting from at least 45-knot outbound adjacent to at least 45-knot inbound radial velocity where the supercell must be reasonably close to the RADAR in order for the RADAR to trigger the TVS if it is above the RADAR the tornadic circulation is in the RADAR's cone of silence?
Tornado Detection Algorithm (TDA)
Tornado Vortex Signature (TVS)
Composite Reflectivity
VAD Wind Profiler (Velocity Azimuth Display)
What is among the most simpler derived products, which uses all radar bins in a vertical column to show the greatest detected reflectivity (regardless of tilt)?
(a)
What gives the average of winds for all radials, corruption likely if winds in a volume scan are not uniform, and estimated time series of winds for entire volume over a given area?
Tornado Vortex Signature (TVS)
GR Level 3
Composite reflectivity
VAD Wind Profiler (Velocity Azimuth Display)
What is the primary objective of polarimetric radar is to measure backscattered energy in both, horizontal and vertical planes (it's an expensive method that also requires increased time to sample a volume)
(a)
What measures backscattered radiation in horizontal (Zh) and vertical (Zv) planes and are compared in Zh/Zv ratio?
RHO
Zdr
CC
rhoHV
What is the degree of phase shift between horizontal and vertical planes in the particles?
MLDA
Kdp
ϕdp
KDP
What determines the bright band or melting layers heights and dimensions?
(a)
What is a one stop shop for precip type discrimination algorithm that attempts to lure the analyst into skipping the cross examinations described earlier (Don't fall for it!)
(a)
What has little-to-no shear, often single updraft choked off by collocated downdraft, usually too weak to initiate new cell growth, short lived, may contain hail, look for absence of velocity coupled, look for rapid VILD and/or reflectivity fall out (damaging downdraft winds)?
Super cell storms
Outflow line
hydrometer classification algorithm (HCA)
Single cell convection
What shows a storm collapsing (think water balloon splashing out), distance if it separates the more it collapses, can kick off other storms?
(a)
What has strong shear (speed and direction), rotating updraft upstream and separated from forward flanking downdraft, also contains rear flanking downdraft, long lived (look for velocity couplet, rapid VILD and/or reflectivity max)?
(a)
What is a deep layer shear and anvil storm relative winds bulk of hydrometers are displaced downshear (forms from melting, sublimation, evaporation, modifying the density and negative buoyancy)?
Forward Flank Downdraft (FFD)
Rear flank downdraft (RFD)
hook echo
super cell storms
What is a complex thermodynamically and dynamically induced downdraft on backside of the storm?
(a)
What is a classic radar signature suggestive of a mesocyclone showing inflow, updraft, and downdraft regions (does not mean tornado)
(a)
What is vertical pressure buoyancy and horizontal vorticity fields driven by cold pool depth and shear?
squall lines
Bowing Structures
hook echos
QLCS
