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WorksheetsCardio-Lymphatic/Immunity Midterm Review part 1
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 30mins
What is the term for 'blood cell production'?
Hemolysis
Hematopoieisis
Hemostasis
Hemoptisis
Which of these is an example of artificially acquired active immunity?
vaccinations
receiving injections of immunoglobulins
being exposed to a disease in childhood
transmission of antibodies from mother to child
Which of the following is the correct order of lymphatic vessels from smallest to largest?
Initial vessels, collecting vessels, lymphangia, terminus, lymphatic trunks, lymphatic ducts.
Collecting vessels, initial vessels, lymphangia, lymphatic ducts, lymphatic trunks, terminus.
Initial vessels, lymphangia, lymphatic trunks, lymphatic ducts, collecting vessels, terminus.
Initial vessels, collecting vessels, lymphangia, lymphatic trunks, lymphatic ducts, terminus.
Which of the following are important processes of the general immune defense of inflammation?
chemotaxis of phagocytes and NK cells
Vasodilation and margination
cytolysis of infected cells by phagocytes
activation of B-cells and T-cells
Which of the lymphatic vessels do NOT have one-way valves?
Initial vessels
Primary vessels
Collecting trunks and ducts
Lymphangia
The 'dubb' part of the heart sound is created by the closing of which heart valves?
AV valves
Bicuspid valve only
Aortic valve only
Semilunar valves
Which of these is an example of naturally acquired passive immunity?
transmission of antibodies from mother to child
receiving injections of immunoglobulins
vaccinations
being exposed to a disease in childhood
Which of these organs and tissues will be most densely packed with capillaries?
Brain
Liver
Kidney
none of the above
If a fragment of DVT breaks off where is it more likely to lodge?
The lungs
The brain
The kidney
The heart
The formed element responsible for immediate phagocytosis, and the most numerous Leukocyte:
Basophils
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
What is the name of the heart valve located between the right atrium and ventricle?
aortic valve
pulmonic valve
bicuspid
tricuspid
The respiratory pump created by breathing has its strongest influence on what portion of blood flow?
venous flow through dorsal cavities
venous flow through ventral cavities
arterial flow through ventral cavities
venous flow out of capillary beds
Swelling related to hypertension and obesity is called:
dynamic edema
traumatic edema
secondary lymphedema
primary lymphedema
Which of the following characteristics of chest pain are more likely related to heart attack?
Chest pain that progressively worsens
Chest pain that stops when activity stops
Chest pain that lasts several minutes then subsides
Chest pain that may or may not be triggered by activity
The 'lub' part of the heart sound is created by the closing of which heart valves?
Bicuspid valve only
AV valves
Aortic valve only
Semilunar valves
A process that damages a portion of the cardiac muscle through ischemia leading to an infarct:
Heart attack
Cardiac arrest
Stroke
Unstable Angina
An immune response that is neither stimulated by, nor directed toward, any single type of pathogen is called....
General immune response
Cell-mediated immune response
Non-specific or innate defenses
Humoral immunity
Where is an arterial embolism more likely to lodge?
The lungs
The calves
The heart
none of the above
Which of the following are important processes of inflammation, a general immune defense?
activation of B and T cells
vasoconstriction and chemotaxis of NK cells
cytolysis and margination
vasodilation and phagocytosis
Which of these statements best describes the function of the cisterna chyli?
the largest lymph node in the body and acts as the primary site for immune responses
the junction where lymph is returned to the cardiovascular system
a collecting well for lymph from the lower extremities that propels fluid through the thoracic duct when squeezed.
the heart of the lymphatic system that pumps lymph through the entire system
What term describes the condition that occurs when Net Capillary Filtration greatly exceeds Reabsorption?
Erythema
Hypertension
Edema
Cyanosis
What vein is most commonly affected by the condition of varicose veins?
Cubital
Saphenous
Femoral
Brachial
Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) includes the tonsils and:
Peyers patches
red bone marrow
spleen
thymus
Which of the following statements is true regarding heart attacks?
Up to one half of all people who have a heart attack have no medical history of problems and no memory of warning symptoms.
Lowering cholesterol greatly reduces the risk of heart attack.
Most people who have heart attacks have high blood pressure and high cholesterol.
All people who have heart attacks have atherosclerosis.
The baroreceptors that sense blood pressure are located in what major blood vessel?
Pulmonary artery
Jugular vein
Carotid artery
Abdominal aorta
What portion of the cardiac conduction system serves as the pacemaker?
Sinoatrial node
Purkinje fibers
Atrioventricular node
Bundle of His
Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary divisions of circulation?
left ventricle
left atrium
right atrium
right ventricle
Arterial flow and pulse have a major influence on lymph flow through which portion of the lymph system?
catchments
collecting capillaries
lymphatic trunks
anastomoses
Which blood type is the universal donor?
Type O
Type AB
Type A
Type B
Why is it important for all manual therapists to fully understand the lymphatic system's fluid return process?
We cannot fully reduce pain or increase ROM without understanding the lymphatic system's contribution to these problems.
We need to be able to recognize different forms of edema and know the indications and contraindications for manual therapy
So we can take the next step and specialize in this form of manual therapy
We are the only health care professionals that can help people remove edema.
Which of the following best describes Sickle Cell Disease?
Disorder of white blood cells acquired most likely from electromagnetic radiation.
Rapidly progressive genetic mutation of bone marrow first discovered in Russia.
Multiple tumors in bone resulting in pathological fractures and arthritis
Genetic disorder with abnormal hemoglobin resulting in collapsing RBCs that lodge in capillaries
What is the other term for the subacute phase of tissue healing?
Inflammatory phase
Remodeling phase
Maturation stage
Proliferative phase
What are the three phases in the cardiac cycle?
atrial systole, atrial diastole, ventricular systole
atrial diastole, ventrical diastole, atrial and ventricular systole
atrial diastole, atrial systole, ventricular systole
relaxation phase, atrial systole, ventricular systole
What amount of total capillary filtrate is reabsorbed into the lymphatic capillaries?
50% or 5 liters per day
10% or 3 liters per day
100% or 15 liters per day
90% or 10 liters per day
A dysfunction in the lymphatic system that results in swelling of an entire body area is called:
lymphedema
dynamic edema
edema
traumatic edema
Which category of formed element is the most abundant type of cell in blood (And the most abundant cell type in the body!)?
Platelet
Thrombocyte
Leukocyte
Erythrocyte
Which blood vessel obstruction would cause a myocardial infarction?
Coronary artery
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Saphenous vein
When tissue is damaged, the chemicals released to support the inflammation process includes histamines, complement factors, and?
leukotrienes and prostaglandins
gamma globulins
immunoglobulins and albumin
hemoglobin and leukotriens
Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the pulmonary circulation?
left ventricle
right atrium
left atrium
right ventricle
Why is the muscular layer in arteries thicker than in veins?
Coronary circulation
arteries must contract to propel forward
it makes them more resilient and creates recoil that is important for arterial blood flow
thinner muscle in veins can contract more rapidly
The systemic circulation begins when blood leaves the ________________ __________________ of the heart and enters the _______________ __________________.
left ventricle; aorta
right atrium; pulmonary artery
left atrium; coronary artery
right ventricle; pulmonary trunk
How does the structure of a lymph node help the lymphatic system carry out its immune function?
rapidly moving lymph flow to prevent edema
Phagocytes in nodes contain antibodies
absorbency provides better removal of microbes
slowing lymph flow through the nodes for better processing
What happens in the process of lymphoma?
lymph nodes fill with nonfunctioning white blood cells
B-cells and T-cells stop replicating and are replaced with natural killer cells
normal white blood cells mutate into overactive immune cells
lymph nodes fill with debris and become congested
Similar to plasma, lymph fluid is mostly made up of what two substances?
Fats and hormones
proteins and antibiotics
water and electrolytes
Cellular debris and water
Which stage of tissue healing takes the longest? How long can it take?
Proliferative stage; 2-6 weeks
Remodeling phase; a year
Inflammatory stage; 2-4 hours
Maturation stage; 12 weeks
What is an allergic reaction?
An immune reaction against a stimulus that is not inherently hazardous
An immune system reaction that begins normally and then spirals out of control
An immune system attack against mucous membranes
A sign of immune system derangement and the risk of potentially dangerous secondary diseases
The body's “circulatory system” is actually a combination of the cardiovascular and what other system?
Fascial
Digestive
Nervous
Lymphatic
What is happening during atrial systole phase of the cardiac cycle?
Atria are contracting while the ventricles are relaxed
Semilunar valves are closed and AV valves are closed
Ventricles are in diastole and contracting
Right atrium is relaxed and the left is contracting
What is the name of the protein that gives red blood cells their capacity to carry blood gases?
Hemoglobin
Albumin
Immunoglobulin
Erythropoietin
Where are lymphocytes produced originally?
Thymus gland
Lymph nodes
Red bone marrow
Spleen
What are the driving forces for arterial blood flow?
Cardiac contraction and artery contraction
Ventricular contraction and arterial recoil
Cardiac contraction and valves in veins
Skeletal muscle contraction especially in the legs, and breathing
Which of the following are the strongest indicators of heart disease?
loneliness, hostility, grief, anger
chest pain with activity, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis
BMI > 30 and waistline > 44 inches
family history of heart disease, high cholesterol, smoking
The fastest route for lymph from the lower leg to the inguinal catchment is via the:
popliteal catchment
anterior leg lymphotomes
posterior thigh lymphotomes
superficial nodes in the inguinal catchment
Memory T-cells function in the same way as memory B-cells. In what way is that?
They remember antigens because antigen-presenting cells mark their DNA.
They have memory for all antigens.
They have memory for a specific antigen.
None of the above
Where are T-lymphocytes matured?
lymph nodes
spleen
red bone marrow
thymus gland
Heart performance is temporarily boosted in response to increased peripheral resistance, thereby increasing blood pressure:
Congestive heart failure
Angina
Myocardial infarction
Epinephrine and norepinephrine released by the adrenal glands
A group of lymphatic vessels that drain lymph from a specific region of the body into a specific catchment are:
lymphotomes
collecting trunks
lymphangia
angion
Fluid or edema uptake depends on what two factors?
Differential pressure inside the lymphatic network and the interstitium and opening the epithelial flaps of the initial vessel with light stretch.
Filtration rate of the lymph nodes and the osmotic pressure created by emptying lymph at the terminus.
The amount of cardiovascular filtration and reabsorption.
Positive pressure inside the lymphatic pressure and the contractile force generated by lymph nodes.
Which of these is the venous equivalent of the Carotid artery?
Jugular vein
Subclavian vein
Brachial vein
Cephalic vein
One of the most common precipitators of DVT is:
High cholesterol
Low estrogen
Varicose veins
Anemia
