WorksheetsFluid, Electrolyte, and Oxygen Transport — Advanced Quiz
Total questions: 30
Worksheet time: 15mins
Which body fluid compartment holds the largest proportion of total body water?
Extracellular fluid
Intracellular fluid
Intravascular fluid
Transcellular fluid
Which population has the highest percentage of body water by weight?
Newborns
Adults
Older adults
Post-menopausal women
Why do men typically have higher total body water than women?
Men have greater lean muscle mass
Women excrete more water
Men have smaller kidneys
Women absorb less fluid
The primary regulator of water intake is:
Thirst mechanism
ADH secretion
Aldosterone
Renin release
Which hormone acts on renal tubules to increase water reabsorption?
ADH (vasopressin)
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Atrial natriuretic peptide
When ECF osmolality increases, what happens to water movement?
Water moves from ICF → ECF
Water moves from ECF → ICF
Sodium moves intracellularly
Potassium moves extracellularly
The dominant electrolyte controlling ECF osmolality is:
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Chloride
Which mechanism drives water from the capillaries into interstitial space?
Capillary hydrostatic pressure
Plasma oncotic pressure
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Interstitial oncotic pressure
What happens when albumin levels decrease?
Plasma oncotic pressure falls, leading to edema
Capillary pressure rises
Lymph drainage increases
Sodium retention decreases
Dependent and pitting edema are signs of:
Interstitial fluid volume excess
Hypovolemia
Hyponatremia
Dehydration
In hypervolemia, what’s the most common clinical manifestation?
Weight gain
Tachycardia
Thirst
Hypotension
A nurse removes 2 L of fluid from a patient with ascites. What weight loss should she expect?
4.4 lb (2 kg)
1 lb
6 lb
8 lb
A patient with ECV deficit would most likely present with:
Low BP and weak pulse
Bounding pulse
Edema
Moist mucous membranes
Which hormone imbalance most directly contributes to water retention and hyponatremia?
Excess ADH secretion
Decreased aldosterone
Increased cortisol
Suppressed renin
A patient with lymphedema has which underlying mechanism?
Impaired lymphatic drainage
Increased albumin production
Capillary rupture
Hypertonic dehydration
Which red cell component binds oxygen?
Globin only
Heme
Which condition stimulates erythropoietin release?
Tissue hypoxia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperoxia
Polycythemia
A patient with kidney failure develops anemia primarily because:
The kidneys cannot produce enough erythropoietin
Hemolysis of RBCs
Iron toxicity
Vitamin K deficiency
Which vitamin deficiency leads to megaloblastic (macrocytic) anemia?
Vitamin B12 or folate
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin A
Pernicious anemia results from:
Lack of intrinsic factor preventing B12 absorption
Iron deficiency
Chronic bleeding
Copper deficiency
Neurologic symptoms (e.g., dementia, hallucinations) are characteristic of:
Pernicious anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Hemolytic anemia
Which manifestation distinguishes iron deficiency anemia?
Koilonychia and pica
Jaundice
Petechiae
Bradycardia
Most common cause of iron deficiency in men:
Occult GI bleeding
Low dietary intake
Menorrhagia
Vitamin C excess
The social determinant most associated with high anemia prevalence globally:
Poverty and low education
Genetic mutations
Overnutrition
Altitude
Aplastic anemia involves:
Bone marrow failure causing pancytopenia
Isolated iron loss
B12 malabsorption
Increased RBC destruction
Which exposure is not associated with aplastic anemia?
Whole-body irradiation
Cytomegalovirus infection
Mild dehydration
Certain drugs and chemicals
During hypoxia, what feedback limits excessive RBC production?
Negative feedback once oxygen levels normalize
Increased renin secretion
Hypercoagulation
Immune suppression
Sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis is precipitated by:
Hypoxemia, dehydration, or acidosis
Hypernatremia
Elevated pH
Hypervolemia
Which population factor worsens sickle cell outcomes?
Limited healthcare access and stigma
High socioeconomic status
Rural water quality
Vegan diet
A child < 5 years with rapid splenic enlargement, hypovolemia, and shock likely has:
Sequestration crisis
Vaso-occlusive crisis
Aplastic crisis
Iron toxicity
