Match each issue to ONE analysis tool:

1. 1.Value chain

2. 2. PESTEL

3. 3.Five Forces

4. 4.SWOT

A food manufacturer, HarvestCo, has discovered that its production line is running at only 45% efficiency compared to competitors who operate at 70–80%. Within the SWOT this is classified as a:

Which of the following is an intangible value driver?

NebuCar Ltd attributes its competitive advantage to its ability to design unique electric engines and maintain long-term supply contracts with cobalt mines. Which TWO are intangible drivers?

In gap analysis, after accounting for efficiency improvements and expansion strategies, the remaining unclosed gap is referred to as the ________ gap.

Tyrenet aims for sales of $200m in five years. Forecasts show:
• Current strategy delivers $150m
• Efficiency improvements raise this to $160m
• New product development raises it to $175m

What type of gap remains?

An airline uses regression to predict fuel consumption based on number of passengers. A limitation is

Time series forecasting is most useful for organisations where:

SilverMint Jewellery uses time series analysis to forecast gold prices but finds predictions unreliable during volatile political periods. This illustrates:

A company assembles a panel of experts who never meet in person and are interrogated by successive questionnaires. This describes:

A key feature of brainstorming is:

Demand for lithium used in phone batteries is an example of

Foresight primarily involves:

Which of the following is NOT one of the 5Cs of foresight?

Which step in scenario planning involves identifying high-impact, high-uncertainty factors?

TruFit Gym is unsure how AI-based fitness technology will evolve. Management wants to explore several plausible futures, including optimistic and pessimistic outcomes. They are using:

A key benefit of scenario planning is:

Which is a disadvantage of scenario planning?

Game theory is most useful in markets wher

In the prisoner’s dilemma applied to marketing spend, the equilibrium outcome is most likely:

Two telecom companies consider entering a new market. If both enter, profits fall. If one enters alone, they profit. Based on game theory, the dominant strategy for each is likely to:

A clause that allows a company to stop a project if costs escalate is an option to:

The value of a real option increases when

A housebuilder has permission to build any time in the next eight years and delays construction until market prices rise. This demonstrates:

A tech company invests in a low-profit smartphone line because it enables it to later sell profitable accessories. This is an example of:

Which SWOT pairing requires the organisation to assess whether internal capability allows pursuit?

After developing three major scenarios, an organisation compares real-world events to determine which scenario is unfolding. This step is:

SolarPanelCo is a large manufacturer of rooftop solar panels. The market is mature with four main competitors of similar size. A startup, SunCore, has developed a new ultra‑efficient photovoltaic cell that doubles energy output per panel. SunCore will license the cell to any manufacturer for a fixed annual fee over 12 years and refuses exclusivity. SolarPanelCo’s strategist estimates: if SolarPanelCo is the only firm to license the cell it will gain an extra $6m profit per year; if one rival also licenses it SolarPanelCo’s profit falls by $1m per year; if two or more rivals license it SolarPanelCo will lose $4m per year. Collusion is illegal in this market.

Which ONE option is most appropriate for SolarPanelCo?

MediTech makes diagnostic scanners in a market with three similar competitors. A university spin‑out, BioSense, has patented a sensor that halves scanning time and greatly improves patient throughput. BioSense will license to any firm for a fixed annual fee over 10 years and will not grant exclusivity. MediTech’s analysis: if MediTech alone licenses the sensor it will earn an extra $4m per year; if one rival also licenses it MediTech’s net benefit falls to $0.5m; if two rivals license it MediTech will lose $3m per year. Strict anti‑collusion rules apply.

Which ONE option is most appropriate for MediTech?

Two rival supermarket chains, A and B, sell identical staple goods. Each can choose a Low price (aggressive) or High price (status quo). If one cuts price while the other keeps prices high, the cutter gains market share and higher profit; if both cut, margins fall and both earn less than if both kept high prices.

Which statement is correct?

Two equally sized smartphone makers, X and Y, decide whether to run an expensive global advertising campaign (High spend) or keep current modest marketing (Low spend). If one advertises heavily while the other does not, the advertiser gains significant sales; if both advertise heavily, both suffer reduced ROI.

Which option best describes the strategic situation?

Two airline firms, M and N, consider investing in extra fleet capacity (Invest) or maintaining current capacity (Hold). If one invests while the other holds, the investor captures more routes and profit; if both invest, overcapacity reduces yields and both earn less than if both had held.

Which conclusion follows from this payoff structure?

TRT is a large company that manufactures light bulbs. The light bulb market has been mature for many years, with little innovation and TRT has only three other rivals in the market — all of roughly equal size to TRT. The markets that TRT operate in have strict legislation restricting collusion between competing companies. A new type of lightbulb has recently been developed by an entrepreneur, Mr B, which provides the same light as a current lightbulb, but which uses a fraction of the electricity of traditional bulbs and which (in theory) will never need to be replaced. Mr B has stated that he is absolutely unwilling to sell this patented new product exclusively to just one supplier.

Instead, he wishes to license the technology to any company who is willing to pay a fixed annual fee for a pre-set 15 year period. TRT’s strategic management accountant has calculated that if TRT is the only company that decides to license the new lightbulb, it will earn around $5m each year for the foreseeable future. It will make a loss of around $2m each year if one of its rivals also licenses the product and this loss will widen the more of its rivals decide to enter the market.

Which ONE of the following options is the most appropriate for TRT to take in order to deal with this situation?

UPP is an organisation that sells custom-made accountancy software to large or complex organisations. It has recently been approached by the government of country L, which wishes to employ UPP to create an accountancy software solution for country L’s national health service, which runs the hospitals and doctors surgeries throughout the country. UPP is concerned that the government demands a fixed fee contract. It is aware that costs on software development are often hard to accurately estimate and this could lead to UPP making significant losses if the contract becomes more complex than originally anticipated. It is therefore negotiating with the government a clause in the contract that will allow UPP to exit the contract if costs rise above a certain level. Under real option theory, the clause UPP is negotiating is referred to an option to........................................