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Cardiovascular Physiology

Total questions: 44

Worksheet time: 23mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

in cardiac muscle histology, intercalated discs contains:

desmosomes

a)

to prevent separation

b)

to allow ions (current) to pass

2.

in cardiac muscle histology, intercalated discs contains:

gap junctions

a)

to prevent separation

b)

to allow ions (current) to pass

3.

ability of the cardiac muscle to respond to an electrical stimulus by contracting

a)

Conductivity

b)

Automaticity

c)

Irritability

d)
Relaxation
4.

ability of the cardiac muscle to create its own stimuli due to leaky membrane

a)

Conductivity

b)

Automaticity

c)

Irritability

d)
Relaxation
5.

action potential initiated in one cardiac muscle spreads through the entire myocardium

a)

Conductivity

b)

Automaticity

c)

Irritability

d)
Relaxation
6.

which statement is true about cardiac muscle contraction?

a)

Contracts spontaneously and does not need nervous stimulation

b)

Contract voluntary and controlled by conscious thought.

c)

Contracts primarily influenced by hormonal signals.

7.

muscle fibers that behave like nerve tissue which is unique to the heart

a)
Skeletal muscle fibers
b)

Autorhythmic fibers

c)
Smooth muscle fibers
d)

Neural fibers

8.

If the SA node is impaired or blocked, which will initiate action potential?

a)
Coronary arteries or heart valves
b)

Bundle of His or AV node

c)

AV node & Purkinje Fibers

d)
Atrial muscle or peripheral nerves
9.

Action Potentials do not conflict with other, because SA node is

a)
The SA node regulates blood pressure.
b)
The SA node is located in the lungs.
c)

The SA node is the fastest and can overrides slower rhythm.

d)
The SA node controls breathing rate.
10.

cardiac muscle contracts and relax before the end of the refractory period to prevent:

a)

tetanic contraction

b)
bradycardia
c)

ischemia contraction

d)

arrhythmia contraction

11.

contractile fibers state close to -90 mV

a)

Depolarization

b)

Plateau

c)

Repolarization

d)

Resting Membrane Potential

12.

contractile fibers is brought to threshold by an action potential from neighboring fibers

voltage-gated FAST Na+ channels open

a)

Depolarization

b)

Plateau

c)

Repolarization

d)

Resting Membrane Potential

13.

membrane potential hits +20 to + 30 mV

spreads through gap junctions

a)

Depolarization

b)

Plateau

c)

Repolarization

d)

Resting Membrane Potential

14.

slow Ca2+ channels open

calcium enters from ECF

to initiate contraction

a)

Depolarization

b)

Plateau

c)

Repolarization

d)

Resting Membrane Potential

15.

Ca2+ channels close

K+ channels open

K+ leaves the cell

RMP of -90 mV restored

a)

Depolarization

b)

Plateau

c)

Repolarization

d)

Resting Membrane Potential

16.

number of cardiac cycles (HEART BEAT) in one minute

measured in bmp (beats per minute)

average ~75 bpm for adult at rest

a)

HR

b)

SV

c)

CO

17.

volume of blood ejected from each ventricle per heartbeat

can be calculated = end dia. vol. - end. sys. vol

a)

HR

b)

SV

c)

CO

18.

volume of blood ejected by an individual ventricle in one minute

measured in mL/min

a)

HR

b)

SV

c)

CO

19.

ratio between maximum cardiac output and output at rest

average 4-5x

a)

cardiac volume

b)

cardiac output

c)

cardiac reserve

20.

controlled by what is happening within the body

a)

Cardiac Output

b)

Stroke Volume

c)

Heart Rate

21.

controlled by ANS

a)

Cardiac Output

b)

Stroke Volume

c)

Heart Rate

22.

carry oxygenated blood away from heart

a)

arteries

b)

veins

c)

capillaries

23.

more muscle

more elastic

higher pressure

no valves

not assisted by muscle

a)

arteries

b)

veins

c)

capillaries

24.

toward from heart

less muscle

less elastic

lower pressure

a)

arteries

b)

veins

c)

capillaries

25.

has valves

assisted by muscle

a)

arteries

b)

veins

c)

capillaries

26.

site of gas, nutrient, & waste exchange between blood & interstitial fluid

a)

arteries

b)

veins

c)

capillaries

27.

capillary exchange:

small molecules moving across capillary walls by concentration differences only

Direction depends on concentration:

  • If a substance is higher in blood → it diffuses into tissues

  • If it’s higher in tissues → it diffuses into blood

a)

simple diffusion

b)

transcytosis

c)

bulk flow

d)

filtration

e)

reabsorption

28.

capillary exchange:

facilitated into endo/exocytosis

a)

simple diffusion

b)

transcytosis

c)

bulk flow

d)

filtration

e)

reabsorption

29.

capillary exchange:

he movement of fluid and dissolved substances together, driven by pressure differences across the capillary wall.

a)

simple diffusion

b)

transcytosis

c)

bulk flow

d)

filtration

e)

reabsorption

30.

capillary exchange:

movement of fluid and solutes from BLOOD CAPILLARIES into INTERSTITIAL FLUID

a)

simple diffusion

b)

transcytosis

c)

bulk flow

d)

filtration

e)

reabsorption

31.

capillary exchange:

movement of fluid and solutes from INTERSTITIAL FLUID into BLOOD CAPILLARIES

a)

simple diffusion

b)

transcytosis

c)

bulk flow

d)

filtration

e)

reabsorption

32.

which pressure promotes Filtration during capillary exchange?

a)

Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (IFOP)

b)

Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (IFHP)

c)

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)

d)

Blood Hydrostatic pressure (BHP)

33.

which pressure promotes Reabsorption during capillary exchange?

a)

Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (IFOP)

b)

Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (IFHP)

c)

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)

d)

Blood Hydrostatic pressure (BHP)

34.

alternating expansion and recoil of an artery with each beat of the heart

a)
Blood flow
b)
Pulse
c)
Vascular contraction
d)
Heart rate
35.

Tachycardia is

a)
a symptom of high blood pressure.
b)
a condition characterized by an abnormally fast heart rate.
c)
a type of heart disease affecting blood flow.
d)
a condition marked by a slow heart rate.
36.

Bradycardia is

a)
a heart rate above 100 beats per minute
b)
a faster than normal heart rate
c)
a slower than normal heart rate
d)
an irregular heartbeat pattern
37.

who has the fastest heart rate?

a)

Adult female

b)

Infants

c)

Adult male

38.

what affects heart rate?

a)
Dietary choices, sleep patterns, hydration levels
b)
Genetic predisposition, age factors, altitude changes
c)
Environmental noise, light exposure, social interactions
d)
Physical activity, emotional state, body temperature, hormonal levels, medications, and overall health.
39.

pressure exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels

a)
Circulatory tension
b)
Vascular pressure
c)
Blood pressure
d)
Blood flow
40.

blood pressure is higher when

a)

further from the pulse

b)

further from the heart

c)

closer to pulse

d)

closer to the heart

41.

blood pressure is determined by

a)

cardiac input

b)

peripheral resistance

c)

x

d)

cardiac output

e)

peripheral allowance

42.

higher PR is affected by:

increased blood viscosity (thickness)

which can be impacted by dehydration meanng

a)

more RBCs

b)

more plasma

c)

fewer RBC

d)

less plasma

43.

higher PR is affected by:

decreased arteriolar diameter usually impacted by

a)

Sympathetic System

b)

Parasympathetic System

c)

Hormones

d)

Cold Temp

e)

Heat

44.

higher PR is affected by:

like for example in Obesity:

a)

narrow vessels to supply extra tissue → ↑PR

b)

shorter vessels to supply extra tissue → ↑PR

c)

longer vessels to supply extra tissue → ↑PR

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