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WorksheetsRespiratory System Lecture 3 Exam Review
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 21mins
Why do most inspired fine particles fail to reach the lungs?
Ciliary escalator, nasal hairs, and mucus trap them
Large bronchi filter them
Alveoli block entry
High airflow prevents entry
Which of the following are the four functional processes of respiration?
Ventilation, inspiration, circulation, metabolism
Pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, gas transport, internal respiration
Breathing, swallowing, digestion, absorption
External ventilation, internal ventilation, oxygen flow, CO₂ flow
What is the correct order of airflow from pharynx to alveoli?
Pharynx → Bronchioles → Larynx → Alveoli
Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli
Larynx → Pharynx → Alveoli → Trachea
Pharynx → Alveoli → Trachea
The mucous membranes supported by turbinate bones make up the _____.
Nasal septum
Vestibule
Nasal conchae
Nasopharynx
Which structures make up the larynx?
Only the vocal cords
Cartilages, epiglottis, hyoid bone, vocal folds
Alveoli and bronchi
Soft palate and uvula
What maintains the openness of the trachea?
Smooth muscle
Elastic fibers
C-shaped cartilage rings
Mucus glands
What is the function of Type I alveolar cells?
Produce surfactant
Allow gas exchange
Trap pathogens
Move mucus
What is the function of Type II alveolar cells?
Gas exchange
Produce surfactant
Remove debris
Form mucus
Where is the greatest surface area for gas exchange?
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
What layers make up the respiratory membrane?
Mucosa only
Alveolar epithelium, basement membrane, capillary endothelium
Serosa and mucosa
Visceral pleura and parietal pleura
What does a fluid surface tension and negative pleural pressure help do?
Push air out of lungs
Pull lungs outward to stay expanded
Create surfactant
Increase mucus production
Intrapulmonary pressure is _____.
Pressure in the pleural cavity
Atmospheric pressure
Pressure inside the alveoli
Pressure in bronchi
Boyle’s law states _____.
Gases move from high to low pressure
Pressure and volume are inversely related
All gases exert their own pressure
Gas solubility depends on temperature
Dalton’s law states _____.
Gases move down gradients
Pressure and volume are inversely related
Each gas in a mixture exerts its own partial pressure
Liquids dissolve gases proportionally
Henry’s law states _____.
Gases diffuse equally
Each gas exerts its own pressure
The amount of gas dissolved in liquid depends on its partial pressure
Gases always expand
Air moves into the lungs when alveolar pressure is:
Higher than atmospheric pressure
Equal to atmospheric pressure
Lower than atmospheric pressure
Zero
What muscles contract during forceful expiration?
Diaphragm only
External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Sternocleidomastoid
Surfactant prevents alveolar collapse by _____.
Increasing mucus
Increasing surface tension
Reducing surface tension
Increasing air pressure
Lung compliance refers to _____.
Ability of lungs to resist expansion
Ability of lungs to resist expansion
Amount of surfactant
Gas exchange efficiency
What influences lung compliance?
Surfactant amount
Elasticity
Surface tension
All the above
What is the normal tidal volume (TV)?
Air exhaled after normal exhale
Air inhaled after normal inhale (~3100 mL)
Air left after full exhale
Minimum lung capacity
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is _____.
Air exhaled after normal exhale
Air inhaled after normal inhale (~3100 mL)
Air left after full exhale
Minimum lung capacity
Residual volume (RV) is _____.
Normal breathing amount
Max air inhaled
Air remaining after ERV (~1200 mL)
Max air exhaled
Inspiratory capacity (IC) formula is _____
TV – RV
IRV + TV
ERV + RV
VC – ERV
Functional residual capacity (FRC) =
TV + IRV
RV + ERV
IRV + ERV
RV + TV
Vital capacity (VC) =
TV + IRV + ERV
TV + RV
TV + IRV + ERV + RV
IRV + RV
Total lung capacity (TLC) =
2400 mL
4800 mL
6000 mL
1000 mL
Gases move according to partial pressure from _____.
Low → High
High → Low
Equal → Equal
no gradient
O₂ and CO₂ cross membranes by _____.
Active transport
Osmosis
Diffusion
Pumping
What promotes O₂ binding and release from hemoglobin?
pH
Partial pressure of gases
Temperature
All the above
What percent of oxygen is dissolved in plasma?
10%
50%
2%
25%
What percent of carbon dioxide travels as bicarbonate?
23%
70%
5%
90%
What enzyme catalyzes CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO₃?
Amylase
Carbonic anhydrase
Pepsin
ATP synthase
Nerve impulses from the _____ stimulate inspiration.
Vagus nerve
Phrenic nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Sciatic nerve
Respiratory centers are located in the _____.
Cerebellum
Medulla and pons
Hypothalamus
Frontal cortex
The most powerful respiratory stimulus is high levels of _____
O₂
CO₂
H₂O
N₂
Erythrocyte count increases at
Low altitude
High altitude
Sea level
Underwater
Fetal respiratory gas exchange occurs via the _____.
Lungs
Umbilical cord
Placenta
Alveoli
Which of the following conditions cause a right shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve? (Select all that apply.)
High temperature
Low temperature
Acidosis (high H+, low pH)
Alkalosis (low H+, high pH)
Which statements correctly describe a left shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve? (Select all that apply.)
Hemoglobin holds onto oxygen more tightly.
Hemoglobin releases oxygen more easily.
Low temperature can cause a left shift.
Alkalosis (low H+) can cause a left shift.
