WorksheetsCagayan de Oro History — (Grade 12)
Total questions: 150
Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins
Around what year were the earliest known settlers of CDO present?
150 AD
350 AD
700 AD
1200 AD
What archaeological site eight kilometers south of CDO was explored in 1970?
Huluga
Butuan
Lantapan
Camiguin
What are the two main sections of Huluga?
Caves and the Open Site
Terraces and Burial Mounds
Harbor and Market Quarter
Plateau and Riverbank
What dating technique was used to determine the age of the Huluga skull fragment?
Radiocarbon dating
Thermoluminescence
Acid racemization
Potassium-argon
What prehistoric period does the Huluga sample belong to?
Early Paleolithic
Late Neolithic Period
Bronze Age
Iron Age
What was Huluga called during the Spanish arrival?
Himologan
Tagoloan
Opol
Gaston
In what year did the first Augustinian Recollect missionaries reach Himologan?
1605
1612
1622
1630
Which ethnic groups lived in Himologan?
Maranaos and Tausugs
Bukidnons and Visayans
Tagalogs and Kapampangans
Ifugaos and Aetas
What notable feature did Himologan’s native men have?
Scarification marks
Massive tattoos
Elaborate headdresses
Filed teeth
To whom did the Himologan natives pay tribute before Spanish rule?
Rajah Humabon
Sultan Kudarat
Datu Lapulapu
Sultan Bolkiah
Who were the two first Recollect missionaries documented in Himologan?
Fray Juan de San Nicolas and Fray Francisco de la Madre de Dios
Fray Andres Urdaneta and Fray Martin de Rada
Fray Pedro Chirino and Fray Diego de Herrera
Fray Domingo de Salazar and Fray Juan Plasencia
According to Fr. Bernad, what does “Cagayan” mean?
Place with a river
River of gold
Land by the sea
Valley of hills
What Malay-Polynesian root word means “water”?
Ag
Danum
Tubig
Rawa
*Whose linguistic study proposed the ancient word kaRayan as origin of “Cagayan”?
Dr. Lawrence A. Reid
Dr. H. Otley Beyer
Dr. William Henry Scott
Dr. John N. Schumacher
Who persuaded Datu Salangsang to relocate his settlement?
Fray Agustin de San Pedro
Fray Juan de San Nicolas
Fray Francisco de la Madre de Dios
Fray Simon Loscos de Santa Catalina
Where did Datu Salangsang relocate?
Area of today’s Gaston Park and San Agustin Cathedral
Bukidnon plateau near Malaybalay
Coastal barangays of Opol
Island of Camiguin
What wooden fortress did Fray Agustin build?
Real Fuerte de la Concepcion
Fuerza Real de San Jose
Baluarte de San Andres
Fort Pilar de Zamboanga
What title did Fray Agustin earn for defending Cagayan?
El Padre General
El Padre Capitan
El Padre Gobernador
El Padre Protector
In what year was the fortress rebuilt with stone?
1705
1720
1730
1750
Who demolished the stone fortress in 1875?
Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo
Lt. Col. Jose Carvallo
Gov. Jose Roa y Casas
Fray Agustin de San Pedro
In what year did the Recoletos establish Cagayan as their mission center?
1660
1674
1688
1701
When was San Agustin declared the patron saint of Cagayan?
June 12, 1780
August 28, 1780
December 10, 1780
April 28, 1781
Who reconstructed the church in 1845?
Fray Agustin de San Pedro
Fray Simon Loscos de Santa Catalina
Fray Juan de San Nicolas
Fray Francisco de la Madre de Dios
What event destroyed the church in 1945?
Earthquake in Misamis
Typhoon in Cagayan
Japanese bombing of Cagayan
Accidental fire
When did the Manila Spanish divide Mindanao into politico-military districts?
1774
1818
1860
1896
What was the largest district created in Mindanao?
Primer Distrito de Davao
Tercer Distrito de Zamboanga
Segundo Distrito de Misamis
Cuarto Distrito de Cotabato
What was the capital of the district?
Town of Misamis (now Ozamiz City)
Cagayan de Misamis
Iligan
Dapitan
Who declared Cagayan the permanent capital of the district?
Governor General Carlos Maria de la Torre
Governor General Ramon Blanco
Governor General Valeriano Weyler
Governor General Diego de los Rios
In what year was Cagayan declared the district capital?
January 1, 1872
February 27, 1872
March 15, 1873
April 30, 1874
What name was used for Cagayan during this era?
Cagayan de Oro
Cagayan de Misamis
Ciudad de Cagayan
Puerto de Cagayan
When did the Katipunan revolt break out in Luzon?
June 1895
August 1896
October 1897
December 1898
When did the Katipuneros in Iligan mutiny?
August 10, 1896
September 29, 1896
January 20, 1897
March 31, 1899
What outpost did rebels raid in January 1897?
Ozamis
Gingoog
Jasaan
Mambajao
Whose execution angered the rebels?
Dr. José Rizal
Apolinario Mabini
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Andres Bonifacio
What is the only Katipunan-led revolt in Mindanao?
The uprising in Iligan
The uprising in Cagayan de Misamis
The uprising in Davao
The uprising in Zamboanga
What treaty ended the Spanish-American War?
Treaty of Peace (1898)
Treaty of Paris (December 10, 1898)
Treaty of Washington (1899)
Treaty of Madrid (1898)
Name the first Filipino governor of Misamis.
Toribio Chavez
José Roa y Casas
Vicente Elio
Nicolas Capistrano
Name the first Filipino mayor of Cagayan de Misamis.
Nicolas Capistrano
Toribio Chavez
Vicente Elio
José Roa y Casas
What celebration happened on January 10–11, 1899?
Araw ng Cagayan
Fiesta Nacional
Dia de la Provincia
Día de Misamis
Which event first raised the Philippine flag in Mindanao?
Inauguration of the provincial council
Fiesta Nacional of 1899
Battle of Cagayan de Misamis
Arrival of the Recollects
When did Americans invade Cagayan de Misamis?
January 10, 1899
December 10, 1898
March 31, 1900
August 28, 1780
What wharf did the Americans bomb?
Macabalan Wharf
Balingasag Wharf
Opol Wharf
Iligan Wharf
Who led the April 7, 1900 Filipino counterattack?
General Nicolas Capistrano
General Emilio Aguinaldo
General Antonio Luna
General Miguel Malvar
Which battle was led by Capt. Vicente Roa y Racines?
Battle of Agusan Hill
Battle of Bud Dajo
Battle of Makahambus Hill
Battle of Tirad Pass
When did the Americans lose the Battle of Makahambus Hill?
June 4, 1900
May 10, 1899
July 1, 1901
June 12, 1898
Who led the Filipino victory at Makahambus Hill?
Col. Apolinar Velez
Col. Gregorio del Pilar
Col. Simeon Ola
Col. Ruperto Kangleon
When did Misamis Oriental become a separate province?
1930
1916
1945
1907
What law created Misamis Oriental?
Legislative Act 3777
Legislative Act 1870
Commonwealth Act 51
Republic Act 9009
When did the Japanese Kawamura Detachment arrive?
May 1, 1942
December 8, 1941
June 6, 1944
April 9, 1942
When was Cagayan liberated from the Japanese?
May 10, 1945
August 15, 1945
January 9, 1945
July 4, 1946
What artifacts found in Huluga indicate overseas trading?
Indian beads, Chinese pot fragments, Annamese and Thai wares
Spanish silver coins and rifles
Roman amphorae and mosaics
Phoenician glass and cuneiform tablets
Who confirmed the Huluga dating through correspondence?
Dr. Linda Burton (from Dr. Jeffrey Bada’s analysis)
Dr. Jose Rizal
Dr. Ambeth Ocampo
Dr. Henry Otley Beyer
What belief system did Himologan natives follow?
Polytheistic animism
Monotheistic Catholicism
Buddhist Theravada
Shintoism
What did Fray Agustin build to protect the settlement?
A wooden fortress and watchtower
A stone cathedral
A coastal lighthouse
An earthen dam
Who demolished the stone fortress and reused the stones?
Lt. Col. Jose Carvallo
Gov. Manuel Quezon
Gen. Arthur MacArthur
Cap. Vicente Roa y Racines
What structure did the Recoletos erect in 1888?
Santa Cruz Cross
Casa Real
Fort Pilar
San Jose Bridge
Where does the Santa Cruz Cross still stand today?
Outside San Agustin Church
Inside the Provincial Capitol
At Plaza Divisoria
On MacArthur Highway
What major event intensified rebellion during the Katipunan uprising?
News of Rizal’s execution
Signing of the Treaty of Paris
Arrival of the American fleet
Outbreak of World War I
What did the Spanish use to suppress the Mindanao revolt?
A gunboat from Tercio Distrito de Surigao
An armored train from Manila
A cavalry brigade from Cebu
A regiment of foreign mercenaries
Which two Filipinos were elected after the Treaty of Peace?
José Roa y Casas and Toribio Chavez
Manuel Quezon and Sergio Osmeña Sr.
Nicolas Capistrano and Apolinar Velez
Pedro S. Baculio and Max Suniel
What activities marked Fiesta Nacional of 1899?
Parade, music, speeches, cannon firing outside Casa Real
Silent prayer vigil in churches
Agricultural fair and harvest festival
Naval review on the Cagayan River
What symbolic act did the Filipinos declare at Fiesta Nacional?
Aguinaldo Republic in Mindanao
Independence under the United States
Union with Visayan Republic
Restoration of Spanish sovereignty
Which American governors visited CDO?
Taft, Forbes, Smith, Roosevelt Jr.
Wilson, Coolidge, Truman, Eisenhower
Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur
Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford
Who were the two Philippine presidents who visited the city during American rule?
Manuel Quezon, Sergio Osmeña Sr.
Ramon Magsaysay, Carlos P. Garcia
Ferdinand Marcos, Corazon Aquino
Elpidio Quirino, Diosdado Macapagal
What policy did the Japanese implement upon arrival?
Scorched earth policy
Open door policy
Appeasement policy
Containment policy
Who lobbied for cityhood starting 1946?
Pedro S. Baculio
Max Y. Suniel
Justiniano R. Borja
Vicente de Lara
What bill officially created Cagayan de Oro?
House Bill No. 54
Republic Act No. 7160
House Bill No. 2439
Executive Order No. 429
Why did Pelaez append “de Oro” to Cagayan?
To honor historical gold mining
To commemorate a victorious battle
To reflect Spanish royal patronage
To denote its river delta location
Who was the first appointed mayor of Cagayan de Oro?
Max Y. Suniel
Vicente de Lara
Pedro S. Baculio
Justiniano R. Borja
Who became mayor after Max Suniel in 1954?
Justiniano R. Borja
Vicente de Lara
Perla J. N.
Max Y. Suniel
Why was Borja called the “Arsenio Lacson of Cagayan de Oro”?
Phenomenal city growth, especially after opening Cogon Market in 1959
Leadership during World War II resistance
Championing agrarian reform laws
Establishing the first university in the city
When was the Diocese of Cagayan elevated to an archdiocese?
June 29, 1951
March 22, 1958
June 7, 1933
May 1, 1942
Who was the first archbishop of CDO?
Santiago T.G. Hayes, S.J.
Juan de la Cruz
Jose T. Sanchez
Teofilo Camomot
When was Ateneo de Cagayan founded?
June 7, 1933
June 29, 1951
March 22, 1958
April 1, 1948
When did Ateneo de Cagayan become Xavier University?
March 22, 1958
June 7, 1933
June 29, 1951
May 10, 1945
During whose regime did CDO become a center of political opposition?
Ferdinand E. Marcos
Manuel L. Quezon
Ramon Magsaysay
Carlos P. Garcia
What major event in 1986 involved CDO politicians helping restore democracy?
EDSA People Power Revolution
Manila Treaty of 1947
ASEAN founding
1992 presidential elections
What sectors define modern CDO’s importance in the region?
Commerce, education, government administration
Heavy manufacturing and mining
Maritime trade and shipbuilding
Tourism and agriculture only
Who authored the historical text you provided?
Antonio J. Montalvan, Ph.D.
Teodoro A. Agoncillo
Ambeth R. Ocampo
Resil B. Mojares
What organization is associated with the historical material?
Heritage Conservation Advocates
National Historical Commission of the Philippines
UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Philippine National Museum
Why is Huluga considered the original settlement of Cagayan de Oro?
It yielded burial remains, tools, and trade goods indicating a permanent community.
It was mentioned in Spanish royal decrees as a capital city.
It was the site of the first Jesuit mission in Mindanao.
It hosted the earliest provincial government building.
How does Dr. Reid’s linguistic explanation differ from Fr. Bernad’s?
It traces “Cagayan” to the Proto-Philippine kaRayan (“river”).
It derives “Cagayan” from the Malay‑Polynesian root “ag.”
It explains “Cagayan” as a Spanish loanword from “cagar.”
It links “Cagayan” to a local chieftain’s personal name.
Why was Sultan Kudarat concerned with the conversion of Himologan natives?
It threatened his tribute system, prompting him to send warriors.
It increased trade revenues that weakened his influence.
It imposed Spanish taxation that reduced his prestige.
It encouraged missionary protection that blocked negotiations.
How did Fray Agustin demonstrate both religious and military leadership?
He built fortifications, relocated settlements, and defended the community.
He composed hymns and held processions to inspire devotion.
He negotiated trade monopolies with nearby ports.
He established schools and focused solely on pastoral care.
What was the impact of the 1875 demolition of the stone fortress on Spanish colonial infrastructure?
Stones were reused to pave Cagayan’s streets, altering town layout.
It led to immediate construction of a larger coastal citadel.
It caused abandonment of the port and relocation inland.
It triggered the end of road building in Northern Mindanao.
Why is the 1896–97 Katipunan revolt unique in Mindanao history?
It is the only documented Katipunan‑led uprising on the entire island.
It was the first peaceful protest against colonial taxation.
It created Mindanao’s earliest provincial government.
It introduced universal suffrage to local elections.
How did Fiesta Nacional symbolize Mindanao’s participation in nation‑building?
It hosted the first Philippine flag‑raising and declared the Aguinaldo Republic’s presence in Mindanao.
It marked the initial U.S. civil administration in the island.
It celebrated the founding of the first provincial legislature.
It commemorated a trade treaty with neighboring sultanates.
What military significance did the Battle of Makahambus Hill hold?
It was the first American defeat in the Philippine–American War.
It ended Spanish rule in Northern Mindanao.
It began Japanese occupation of Cagayan.
It marked the first use of armored vehicles in the region.
How did Japanese forces utilize burned structures during the 1942 occupation?
They converted major surviving buildings into headquarters.
They abandoned all urban sites and moved to rural camps.
They rebuilt churches first to win local support.
They transformed the ruins into civilian housing.
What political and economic conditions after WWII drove the push for cityhood?
Cagayan de Misamis was recovering from wartime destruction and needed autonomous governance.
A population boom required merging with neighboring towns.
Foreign investors demanded a chartered free‑trade zone.
Military authorities insisted on permanent martial oversight.
What symbolic meaning did “de Oro” add to the city’s identity?
It emphasized prosperity and historical richness tied to gold mining.
It honored a Spanish governor’s surname.
It referenced the city’s river delta geography.
It signified the resilience after typhoon disasters.
Why is Borja remembered as a transformative mayor?
He modernized the city, expanded public infrastructure, and promoted economic growth.
He prioritized ceremonial events over urban planning.
He focused solely on agricultural subsidies.
He dismantled public services to reduce expenses.
What is the significance of Xavier University in Mindanao history?
It was the first university established in Mindanao.
It was the earliest public high school in Northern Mindanao.
It hosted the first provincial assembly.
It introduced the first maritime academy on the island.
Why was CDO labeled a hub of opposition during Martial Law?
Prominent local leaders resisted authoritarian rule and supported democratic restoration.
It was the main base of the national ruling party.
Local officials enforced strict media censorship.
Residents avoided any political activity.
How does modern CDO reflect its historical roots?
It integrates heritage with its role as a regional center for commerce, governance, and education.
It rejects historic sites to prioritize only heavy industry.
It limits growth to rural barangays and agriculture.
It focuses exclusively on tourism and neglects public services.
What key factors made Cagayan central to Spanish, American, and Japanese military strategy?
Its river, port access, and position along Northern Mindanao routes.
Its large inland desert and mountain fortresses.
Its isolation from major waterways and roads.
Its status as a remote ceremonial capital only.
How did pre‑colonial trade artifacts alter understanding of CDO history?
They show it was part of Southeast Asian trade networks long before colonization.
They prove the city began only after Spanish fortification.
They indicate no foreign contact occurred before WWII.
They suggest trade was limited to barter within one village.
Why did the Spanish choose Cagayan as the permanent district capital in 1872?
Strategic location and growing political importance.
Availability of vast gold deposits.
Pressure from foreign merchants.
Proximity to European consulates.
How did the archdiocese creation in 1951 reshape Catholic influence in Mindanao?
It established CDO as the religious center of Northern Mindanao.
It dissolved all parishes and moved administration to Manila.
It restricted missionary work to coastal towns only.
It ended Catholic education in the region.
What enduring legacy ties ancient Huluga to modern Cagayan de Oro?
Continuous habitation, cultural continuity, and centrality in regional development across centuries.
A brief settlement that was abandoned after one generation.
Exclusive military use without civilian life.
A mythic site with no archeological evidence.
What department oversees basic education in the Philippines?
Department of Education (DepEd)
Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)
What does K–12 stand for?
Kindergarten to Grade 12
Key Stage 1 to Level 2
Kids aged 1–2 years
Knowledge to 12 competencies
Who is the National Hero known for valuing education?
Jose Rizal
Andres Bonifacio
Emilio Aguinaldo
Apolinario Mabini
What subject teaches counting and numbers?
Mathematics
Science
History
Art
What subject focuses on reading and writing?
English
Mathematics
Biology
Physical Education
What does STEM stand for?
Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics
Science, Teaching, Economics, Medicine
Society, Technology, Education, Mathematics
Science, Technology, English, Mathematics
Which UNESCO goal focuses on Quality Education?
SDG 4
SDG 3
SDG 5
SDG 10
What do you call a place where books are kept?
Library
Laboratory
Gymnasium
Cafeteria
What is the Filipino term for teacher?
Guro
Titser
Mag-aaral
Principal
Paaralan
What is the first level of schooling in the Philippines?
Kindergarten
Elementary
Junior High School
Senior High School
What is the main purpose of schools?
To provide learning and education
To collect taxes from citizens
To entertain sports fans
To sell goods to students
What subject includes maps and continents?
Social Studies (Araling Panlipunan)
Science
Mathematics
Music
What do we call a group of students learning together?
Class
Faculty
Alumni
Committee
What basic skill is taught using ABCs?
Reading (literacy)
Geometry
Chemistry
Woodworking
Who leads a classroom?
Teacher
Principal
Janitor
Registrar
What do students use to write answers?
Paper and pencil
Paintbrush and palette
Keyboard only
Chalkboard
What is the break between classes called?
Recess
Lecture
Homeroom
Detention
Where do students eat in school?
Canteen
Library
Auditorium
Clinic
What is the subject that studies plants and animals?
Science
Algebra
Literature
Civics
What do you call rules in a classroom?
Classroom rules
Classroom myths
Classroom stories
Classroom furniture
What is the document listing school rules called?
Student Handbook
Yearbook
Transcript
Syllabus
What is the Filipino word for school?
Paaralan
Silid-aralan
Kapatiran
Guro
Who is the head of a school?
Principal
Librarian
Counselor
Coach
What is the ceremony when students receive diplomas?
Graduation
Orientation
Enrollment
Rehearsal
What do you call tests that measure learning?
Assessments (exams)
Attendance sheets
Announcements
Field trips
Average Round (2 points each): Who founded the Montessori method?
Maria Montessori
Jean Piaget
John Dewey
Lev Vygotsky
Average Round (2 points each): Who developed the multiple intelligences theory?
Howard Gardner
B.F. Skinner
Noam Chomsky
Erik Erikson
Average Round (2 points each): Which psychologist proposed the stages of cognitive development?
Jean Piaget
Sigmund Freud
Albert Bandura
Ivan Pavlov
Average Round (2 points each): What is the philosophy of learning by doing?
Experiential learning
Classical conditioning
Direct instruction
Virtual learning
Average Round (2 points each): What is the Filipino law establishing the K–12 program?
RA 10533 (Enhanced Basic Education Act)
RA 1425 (Rizal Law)
RA 9155 (Governance of Basic Education Act)
RA 9344 (Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act)
Average Round (2 points each): What exam do Grade 12 students take for college admissions?
College entrance test (CET)
National Achievement Test
Bar exam
Civil service exam
Average Round (2 points each): Which senior high school track focuses on business?
ABM (Accountancy, Business, Management)
STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics)
HUMSS (Humanities and Social Sciences)
GAS (General Academic Strand)
Average Round (2 points each): Which subject includes motion, force, and energy?
Physics
Chemistry
Biology
Economics
Which subject studies past events?
Geography
History
Physics
Economics
What is the school document recording student grades?
Transcript of Records
Report card (Form 138)
Attendance sheet
Syllabus
What is the role of a guidance counselor?
Manage school finances
Provide academic and personal support
Teach physical education
Handle cafeteria services
What do you call the method of teaching students with different needs?
Direct instruction
Differentiated instruction
Drill and practice
Lecture method
What is the main goal of inclusive education?
Higher test scores for top students
Equal access for all learners
More homework for all classes
Segregation by ability
Which subject teaches computer skills?
Home Economics
Biology
ICT (Information and Communications Technology)
Art
What do you call education delivered outside classrooms?
Face-to-face learning
Distance learning (Online learning)
Laboratory work
Field trip
What is the annual recognition of students’ achievements?
Parent–Teacher Conference
Honors/Recognition Day
Entrance examination
Remedial class
What curriculum component includes clubs and sports?
Core subjects
Co-curricular activities
Homework
School policies
What does “literacy rate” measure?
Average class size
Percentage of people who can read and write
Number of schools in a district
Student attendance per semester
Who supervises teachers in public schools?
School head/Principal
Student council president
Guidance counselor
Registrar
What teaching tool uses pictures and illustrations?
Text-only worksheets
Visual aids
Oral recitation
Audio recordings
What type of test requires choosing from given answers?
Essay
Performance task
Multiple-choice
Oral exam
Which sector runs private schools?
Government sector
Non-government/Private sector
International agencies
Community cooperatives
What is the academic term for “learning style”?
Modality
Pedagogy
Syllabus
Rubric
What school document states the vision and mission?
Class schedule
School Handbook/Manual
Report card
Admission slip
What do you call learning beyond academics such as values?
Character education
Advanced placement
Remedial instruction
Technical training
