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Unit 6 Review - Mechanisms of Evolution

Total questions: 47

Worksheet time: 39mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A gene pool consists of

a)

all of the genes, including all the different alleles, that are present in a population

b)

some of the genes, including the different alleles, that are present in a population

c)

all of the genes that are present in all populations

d)

all of the genes, including all the different alleles, that are present in all populations

2.

The number of times a particular allele appears in a gene pool is known as the

a)

population of the allele

b)

relative percentage of the allele

c)

frequency of the allele

d)

evolution of the allele

3.
What is the name of the process in which the most favorable traits are passed onto the next generation?
a)
Genetic drift
b)
Gene pool
c)
Gene flow
d)
Natural selection
4.
What is this an example of?
a)
diversity of species
b)
variation
c)
vestigial structures
d)
DNA studies
5.

Which answer is more appropriate?

a)

Traits are good or bad.

b)

Traits can be harmful or hurtful depending on the environment.

c)

Traits are always helpful or hurtful, regardless of the environment.

d)

Traits are helpful or bad.

6.

Which most closely represents allele frequency?

a)

How many copies of an allele are found within a population

b)

How many individuals within a population have a specific allele

c)

The number of copies of a specific gene within a population

7.

What is a gene pool?

a)

All the alleles/genes of a population.

b)

All the individuals within a population.

c)

A pool containing genes

8.

This can cause changes in allele frequency by introducing new alleles to a population.

a)

mutations

b)

selection pressures

c)

genetic drift

d)

founder effect

e)

gene flow

9.

How do you "win" at natural selection?

a)

survive

b)

go extinct

c)

survive & reproduce

10.

What word describes a trait that helps an organism survive in its environment?

a)

natural selection

b)

mutation

c)

camouflage

d)

adaptation

11.
Which organisms are most likely to survive?
a)
the best adapted
b)
the fastest
c)
the strongest
d)
the most domesticated (tamed)
12.
The trees these moths used to live on were white, but have been covered in soot from coal factories. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?
a)
Dark moth
b)
Light moth
c)
Both will be equally successful
d)
Neither will be successful
13.
Why is the mouse population changing over time?
a)
The light mice can reproduce more successfully than the dark mice
b)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because the dark mice taste better
c)
The hawks eat more light mice than dark mice because they can see the light mice more easily
d)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because they can see the dark mice more easily
14.
When an organism of a species has an adaptation, it will compete for resources better, survive longer and pass that adaptation on to it's offspring. This process is called
a)
evolution by natural selection
b)
artificial selection
c)
inbreeding
d)
outbreeding
15.
Mutations are important because they bring about
a)
death of the organism in which they develop
b)
genetic variation needed for a population to evolve
c)
benefits for the individual, not for the population
d)
Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium within a population
16.
What is another name for natural selection?
a)
survival of the smartest
b)
survival of the fastest
c)
survival of the biggest
d)
survival of the fittest
17.
Magda is a tall, 11 year old drummer. She has a scar on her right cheek. She is good at swimming. Which of her traits did Magda most likely inherit?
a)
height
b)
the scar
c)
ability to swim
d)
ability to play drums
18.
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment 
a)

diversity

b)

evolution

c)

mutation

d)

 fitness

19.
Which of the following is a factor in natural selection?
a)
Individuals of species compete with one another to survive.
b)
All species are genetically diverse.
c)
Individuals better able to adapt to changes leave more offspring.
d)
All are correct 
20.

Charles Darwin observed that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics, this supports the hypothesis that these finches

a)

are twins

b)

acquired traits through use and disuse.

c)

all eat the same type of food.

d)

descended from a common ancestor.

21.

If green and brown moths live in a forest environment, the fact that the brown moths are easier to see and are less likely to survive is called

a)

natural selection

b)

overproduction

c)

competition

22.

What eventually happens to a species when the environment changes and the organisms do not adapt?

a)

Classification

b)

Extinction

c)

Overproduction

23.

A behavior or structure that allows organisms to survive, reproduce, and pass on traits to offspring is called an

a)

competition

b)

variation

c)

adaptation

24.

Which term refers to an organism that hunts and kills for food?

a)

Prey

b)

Predator

25.

Which term refers to an organism that is hunted and eaten for food?

a)

Predator

b)

Prey

26.

During a hurricane, a population of beetles almost gets completely wiped out. The only beetles that survived were lucky that they were in their nest at the time of the hurricane and had enough food to survive.

a)

Natural selection

b)

Genetic Drift

c)

Gene Flow

d)

Non-Random Mating

27.

Insects become resistant to pesticides very quickly, sometime in one generation. If an insect is resistant to the chemical, most of the offspring will also be resistant. Considering that insect generations can be a matter of weeks, insects in an area can become immune to a chemical within months.

a)

Mutation

b)

Natural Selection

c)

Genetic Drift

d)

Gene Flow

28.

A chemical spill causes a genetic change in the offspring of ladybugs to have blue dots instead of black dots.

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Genetic Drift

c)

Mutation

d)

Gene Flow

29.

This is a pattern of natural selection where one extreme form of a trait is more advantageous than the average or the opposite extreme; as a result, this trait in the population tends to evolve towards that one extreme

a)

Directional selection

b)

Disruptive selection

c)

Stabilizing selection

d)

Forward selection

30.

This is a pattern of natural selection in which the average (or intermediate) form of a trait is the most advantageous, and so a population evolves away from the extremes and toward the average

a)

Disruptive selection

b)

Directional selection

c)

Stabilizing selection

d)

Middle selection

31.

The _________________ _________________ occurs when there is a reduction in population due to natural disasters, over hunting or disease.

a)

founder effect

b)

gene flow

c)

bottleneck effect

d)

genetic drift

32.

As a population recovers from reduction due to the bottleneck effect, the population will experience -

a)

a loss of genetic dicversity.

b)

migration.

c)

no change to allele frequency.

d)

genetic regulation.

33.

What is gene flow?

a)

The addition or removal of alleles in a population due to individuals entering or leaving one population for another

b)

A change in allele frequencies when a new population arises from only a few individuals

c)

A reduction in population caused by natural disasters, disease, hunting, etc.

d)

A change in the gene pool due to chance

34.

What is genetic drift?

a)

A population for which the gene frequencies do not change

b)

A change in allele frequencies due to selection

c)

The addition or removal of alleles in a population due to individuals entering or leaving one population for another

d)

A change in the gene pool due to chance

35.

When Christopher Columbus came to the Americas, he randomly chose 3 chickens from Spain to bring along. These 3 chickens were the only chickens to breed in the Americas for hundreds of years.

a)

natural selection

b)

genetic drift

c)

founder effect

36.

What type of selection is depicted in the picture?

a)

stabilizing

b)

directional

c)

disruptive

37.
What type of selection?
a)
Directional 
b)
Stabilizing
c)
Disruptive
38.
Which of the three graphs shows disruptive selection?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
39.
Which of the three graphs shows stabilizing selection?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
40.
If finches with large beaks and finches with small beaks increase in a population while finches with average sized beaks decreases, which pattern of natural selection has occurred?
a)
Directional selection
b)
Disruptive selection 
c)
Stabilizing selection
41.
Human babies don't do well if they are born too small. If they are too big complications can occur during birth. Baby size should then be selected for by which method?
a)
stabilizing
b)
directional
c)
disruptive
d)
Beyonce is having twins
42.
An extreme phenotype is favored causing the alleles to shift toward that phenotype
a)
Disruptive Selection
b)
Directional  Selection
c)
Stabilizing Selection
d)
Artificial Selection
43.

What type of natural selection is this: Small turtles are too weak to protect themselves from predators and large turtles are too slow to hide from predators. Average-sized turtles have high fitness.

a)

Disruptive Selection

b)

Directional Selection

c)

Stabilizing Selection

44.
a)

gene flow

b)

natural selection

c)

bottleneck effect

d)

founder effect

45.
The term for the formation of new and distinct species over the course of evolution is...
a)
speciation
b)
biological species concept
c)
reproductive barrier
d)
natural selection
46.
What is a species? 
a)
A group of organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring. 
b)
A group of organisms that can mate and produce offspring even if those offspring are infertile.
c)
A group of organisms that genetically are very different from each other. 
d)
Indivual organisms that live in the same environment. 
47.
When has speciation occurred?
a)
When populations no longer look the same
b)
When populations no longer have the same frequency of alleles
c)
When populations are living in different environments
d)
When populations can no longer interbreed