Culture is material and nonmaterial.

How can the process of gentrification be BEST defined?

Which of the following authors said that public spaces create discomfort and uncertainty?

Which of the following suburb is NOT an ethnoburb?

As discussed in the lecture, a range of housing types and housing tenures are important because:

The dominant police culture often creates an "us" versus "them" mentality.

From an Urban Political Economy Perspective, people with more income can:

Toronto has the most expensive housing market in Canada.

According to Wilson and Mitra, ongoing urban development is unsustainable because of:

Regent Park is an example of government subsidized housing project, but not the first of its kind in Canada.

Which of the following changes has not occurred in Toronto between 1970-2005?

65% of social housing is organized by TCHC (owned by the City of Toronto).

Crime is above everything _______

Displacement and increased property values are the main two causes of gentrification.

Hulchanski’s reading on the 3 cities is a framework to grasp gentrification of inner-city Toronto neighborhoods because:

The Manhattanization of Downtown Toronto is a form of smart growth initiative.

Which of the following musical outlets is NOT mentioned in the Finch reading?

The "Ward" is a term that refers to Toronto's original immigration reception area.

Which of the following consequences are associated with condo developments in Toronto?

The Oak Ridges Moraine is an example of unsustainable development project in Toronto.

Public culture is _______ private culture.

The “Safe Streets Act” criminalizes forms of aggressive solicitation.

Crime and deviance are NOT synonymous because:

Novakovic noted that gentrification displaces the symbolic representations of people and local businesses.

_______ is a theoretical perspective that attempts to understand income inequalities in cities.

What does activism entail?

Which of the following is NOT a positive consequence of gentrification?

According to the Hammelman reading, limits to cheap oil can impact on the affordability of our food supply.

Which of the below is NOT a police strategy for addressing racism?

Regarding urban sustainability, Toronto has to address a 2-fold challenge, consisting of sustainability and social cohesion.

Finch’s reading discusses:

The phenomena of yellowbelt is discussed in the reading by:

Choose the BEST answer: Which of the following actions is true?

Murdie & Teixeira argue that condos have increased gentrification & intensification of land use.

Racial profiling is:

Culture is not connected to placemaking.

When did the first round of condo development in Toronto, that was characterized by a rapid growth, occur?

An example of social regulation is racial profiling.

In the Desmond Cole reading, it is stated that:

The Chicago School perspective is useful for explaining why marginalized people experience uneven health benefits.

Swyngedouw's concept of 'post-political condition' is discussed in the reading by:

The Black Lives Matter movement critiques the notion that "all lives matter".

The ________ approach to culture questions whose culture dominates in Toronto.

A city's culture is a means to determine who belongs in specific places.

In regard to the topic of urban sustainability:

According to Murdie and Teixeira, there is a pressing need to increase housing density within the yellowbelt area.

An ethnic enclave is best defined as:

By 1793, the town of York was established by John Simcoe, but Upper-Canada and Lower-Canada were still not divided.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Robert Park claimed that cities develop externally in concentric zones.

According to Hulchanski, which city has the highest number of immigrants?

Deviant behaviors are always punishable by the law.

The idea of urban resistance to increase cycling infrastructure due to automobile culture's dominance is discussed by:

According to Goheen, the Railroad construction enabled Toronto to become independent from Britain.

Social regulations mostly targets the working class youth?

As discussed in the Hammelman reading, the first community garden in the Regent Park neighborhood was built by:

The Industrial Revolution resulted in the gradual expansion of the entrepreneurial class.

Which of the following authors examined print media representations of Canadian suburban LGBTQ+ activism?

The Toronto Land Purchase occurred in 1785.

As discussed in the tutorial, the National Housing Act implemented in 1949 led to:

South Africa's racial segregation, known as the Apartheid (1948-1994), is an example of exploitation colonialism.

The culture of the city refers to:

Nudism is a criminal deviant behavior all over the world.

As discussed in the tutorial, the city of Toronto's cultural plan attempts to:

Post-Fordist processes in Toronto have led to urban renewal in Downtown Toronto.

The shift to the Canadian Immigration Point System in 1967 was influenced by:

Contrary to Park, McKenzie's succession and invasion process focuses on the centralization of services and activities.

According to McKenzie, which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the spatial organization of cities?

The Chicago School of thought was established by Robert Park, an idealist philosopher, at the University of Chicago.

As mentioned in the Hammelman reading, community garden spaces on the ground are largely managed by:

As presented in Hannigan's reading, World-Systems Theory means:

According to David Harvey, crisis of accumulation BEST describes the urban crisis of the:

Based on Hannigan’s discussion, one can infer that a global city is above everything an entrepreneurial city whose aim is to solely focus on attracting private sector investment to address urban challenges

Which of the following statements about the Urban Growth Machine is/are FALSE: