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Philosophy Questions 1-150

Total questions: 152

Worksheet time: 1hrs 16mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

1.Arabic Philosophy:

a)

а)Denies entirely Greek philosophy

b)

b) Not familiar with Aristotle's teaching

c)

c)Based on Aristotle's Teaching

d)

d)Not familiar with the Greek philosophy

2.

2.Philosopher who was the first to create the difference between Culture and Civilization:

a)

a)J.J. Rousseau

b)

b)A. Toynbee

c)

c)O.Spengler

d)

d)N. Berdyaev

3.

3.Which branch of philosophy studies the objective, driving force and direction of the historical process?

a)

a)Social philosophy and philosophy of history

b)

b)Gnoseology (Theory of Knowledge)

c)

c) Ontology

d)

d) Methodology and philosophy of science

4.

4.Who is the author of the concept "Noble man" in Ancient China?

a)

à)Laozi

b)

b) Lu-zi

c)

C)Han Fei

d)

D) Confucius

5.

5.The ancient Greek philosopher who said: "Human, know yourself!"

a)

à) Plato

b)

b) Socrates

c)

c) Heraclitus

d)

D)Empedocles

6.

6.To what trend does Plato's philosophy belong?

a)

à)Monotheism

b)

B)Creationism

c)

c)Theocentrism

d)

D) Objective idealism

7.

7.Theology:

a)

à)Teaching on God

b)

b)Teaching on morals

c)

c)Teaching on being

d)

d)Teaching on a human

8.

8.Teaching on the transformation of a human soul:

a)

à)Nirvana

b)

b)Brahman

c)

c)Reincarnation

d)

d)Karma

9.

9.How is the method of movement from particular to the general called?

a)

A) Synthesis

b)

b)Analysis

c)

A) Induction

d)

D)Deduction

10.

10.How is the method of movement from general to the particular called?


a)

a)Deduction

b)

b)Induction

c)

c)Logics

d)

d)Synthesis

11.

11. Who of the below mentioned philosophers belongs to the French Enlightenment?

a)

a)Locke

b)

b)Kant

c)

c)Rousseau

d)

d)Hume

12.

12.Who is the Author of «Criticism of Pure Reason»?

a)

a)Kant

b)

b)Spengler

c)

c)Sorokin

d)

d)Toynbee

13.

13.Prominent Kazakh Enlightener, Academic-Geographer, Traveler, Member of the Russian Geographic Society:

a)

à) Dzhambul

b)

b)altynsarin

c)

C)Abai

d)

D)Valikhanov

14.

14.Who created the Philosophic term 'Categorical Imperative'?

a)

à)Hegel

b)

b) Kant

c)

c) Fichte

d)

d) Galileo

15.

15.Who is the Author of the book «Decline of Europe»?

a)

à)Zwingli

b)

b) Toynbee

c)

c) Bruno

d)

d) Spengler

16.

16.One of the pioneering Marxists in Russia:

a)

à) Plekhanov

b)

b)Solovyov

c)

C)Berdyaev

d)

d) Gumilev

17.

17.Who is the creator of the definition on the matter as objective reality reflected in our senses.

a)

a) Hegel

b)

b) K. Marx

c)

c) F. Engels

d)

d)V.Lenin

18.

18.Teaching on Values:

a)

à) Theology

b)

b) Ontology

c)

c) Axiology

d)

d) Anthropology

19.

19.The area of human activity that works out and creates the theoretical schemes of the objective knowledge on reality

a)

à) Nature

b)

b) culture

c)

c)science

d)

D) Technology

20.

20.Philosophic teaching accepting intuition as the only true knowledge:

a)

A)intuitivism

b)

b)Neopositivism

c)

c)Positivism

d)

d) idealism

21.

21.The area of knowledge, studying contemporary global problems:

a)

a) Philosophy

b)

b) Globalistics

c)

c)Sociology

d)

d) Politology

22.

22.The founder of Science on Politics:

a)

a) Kautiliya

b)

b) Aristotle

c)

c) Sun-Tzu

d)

d)Mozi

23.

23.The key of Schopenhauer's Philosophy:

a)

a) World as will and representation

b)

b) World is the set of my senses

c)

c) My treatment of my environment is my consciousness

d)

d) Everything is for the best in this world

24.

24.The Author of the "Book of Words":

a)

A) Al.Farabi

b)

b) Sh. Kudaibergenov

c)

c) A.Kunanbaev

d)

d)J. Balasaguni

25.

25.Philosophic approach to a human provides for:

a)

a) Analysis of his behavior

b)

b) Measurement of his height and volume

c)

c) Getting to his essence

d)

d) Description of his appearance

26.

26.Philosophic teaching accepting the single origin and substance of the whole thing:

a)

a)Dualism

b)

b)Monism

c)

c)Rationalism

d)

d) Empiricism

27.

27.Philosophic trend opposite to materialism:

a)

a)Idealism

b)

b)Rationalism

c)

c)Skepticism

d)

d)Empiricism

28.

28.The key stage of Medieval Philosophy:

a)

a)Sophistic

b)

b)Materialism

c)

c)Scholastics

d)

d)Stoicism

29.

29.Philosophic system of Hegel:

a)

A)Dialectical Idealism

b)

b)Monistic Materialism

c)

c)Dualistic

d)

d)Metaphysical

30.

30.Empiricism is:

a)

à)Knowledge deduced from experience.

b)

b)Knowledge deduced from reason.

c)

c)Knowledge deduced from revelation.

d)

D) Knowledge deduced from tradition.

31.

31.The doctor who singled out the area of unconsciousness and undertook it under professional analysis:

a)

a) Jung

b)

b)Kant

c)

C)Socrates

d)

d)Freud

32.

32.Who of the below mentioned philosophers belongs to the representatives of the "naive dialectics"?

a)

à)Bacon

b)

b)Plato

c)

c)Heraclitus

d)

d)Hume

33.

33.The extreme sides of the spiritual life of society -

a)

a)Social consciousness and social being.

b)

b)Being of the world spirit.

c)

c)Social Institutions.

d)

d)Spiritual production and spiritual interaction.

34.

34.The view that supposes the essence of being through the culture:

a)

a) Theo centrism

b)

b) Social centrism

c)

c) Culture centrism

d)

d)anthropocentrism

35.

35.Philosophic teaching on being:

a)

a) Natural Philosophy

b)

b)Gnoseology

c)

c)Anthropology

d)

d)Ontology

36.

36.Motion as the philosophic notion:

a)

a)Transference of objects in space

b)

b) The way of the matter's existence

c)

c) Change of physical states

d)

d) Change of external parameters

37.

37.What is Philosophy?

a)

a)Science on the general regulations and essence of the world.

b)

b)Science on society.

c)

c)Science on nature.

d)

d)Acquisition of nature.

38.

38.The key issue of philosophy:

a)

À)How is the Universe composed?

b)

b) On the interrelation of thinking to being.

c)

c)What is the essence of Life?

d)

D)Are there any outs

39.

39.Two main trends in Philosophy:

a)

a)Realism and Nominalism

b)

b)Skepticism and Stoicism.

c)

c)Apologetics and Patristic.

d)

d)Materialism and idealism.

40.

40.Ancient Philosophy:

a)

Philosophy of the Ancient India.

b)

Philosophy of the Middle Ages.

c)

The philosophy of the Ancient Greeks and Romans

d)

The teaching of the ancient Egyptians.

41.

41.Name the key branches of the Philosophic Cognition

a)

Ontology, Gnoseology, Logic, Axiology.

b)

Study of Arts, Linguistics, Oriental studies.

c)

Sophistic, eclectics, dogmatism.

d)

Sociology, Cultural studies, political science.

42.

42.What is the historical sequence of the types of the world-outlook?

a)

Philosophy, Religion, Myth.

b)

Philosophy, Myth, Religion.

c)

Myth, Philosophy, Religion.

d)

Myth,religion,Philosophy

43.

43.Two polar opposite trends in Philosophy:

a)

Apologetic and Patristic.

b)

Skepticism and Stoicism.

c)

Materialism and Idealism.

d)

Pythagorism and Neoplatonism.

44.

44.Who is the author of the statement: «Everything flows and changes, "One can never enter the same water twice"»?

a)

Heraclitus.

b)

Thales.

c)

Parmenides.

d)

Zeno.

45.

45.Philosophy was "house maiden of Theology". What was that period of History?

a)

Renaissance

b)

Antiquity.

c)

Middle Ages

d)

New Modern Times.

46.

46.Scholastics:

a)

Antireligious perception of the world.

b)

Branch of the Ancient Oriental Philosophy.

c)

Philosophic teaching of the Middle Ages.

d)

Teaching on Method

47.

47.Who of the Arab-Muslim philosophers created the "Book of Healing"?

a)

Ibn-Sina (Avicenna)

b)

Al-Farabi;

c)

Al-Ghazali;

d)

Ibn-Rushd (Averroes);

48.

48.Philosophic teaching accepting two basic substances:

a)

Relativism.

b)

Dualism

c)

Monism.

d)

Pluralism.

49.

49.Gnoseology is:

a)

A disease.

b)

A Greek goddess.

c)

A branch of Philosophy.

d)

A political doctrine.

50.

  1. 50.One of the main philosophic trends of Ancient China is:

a)

Peripatetics

b)

Buddhism

c)

Sufism

d)

Confucianism

51.

51.The teaching which postulates the reality of general notions is called:

a)

Realism

b)

Sensualism

c)

Rationalism

d)

Relativism

52.

52.What is society?

a)

A group of people residing in one country.

b)

A large group speaking the same language

c)

A group united by interaction to satisfy demands

d)

A group united by common interests

53.

53.Define the subject matter of philosophy:

a)

physical reality

b)

Wise sayings of all peoples and periods of history

c)

Principal dimensions and essence of the world, human attitude to nature, society, and spiritual life

d)

Matter

54.

54.The most ancient form of spiritual culture of humanity is:

a)

Science

b)

Mythology

c)

Religion

d)

Philosophy

55.

55.Kant denies the possibility of cognition of:

a)

À Human

b)

World of phenomena

c)

Society

d)

Noumena (Things-in-Themselves)

56.

56.The method in Hegel’s philosophy is:

a)

Dogmatism

b)

Sophistic

c)

Dialectics

d)

Scholastic

57.

57.Who is the creator of Capital?

a)

K. Marx

b)

M. Weber

c)

V. Lenin

d)

L. Feuerbach

58.

58. Who of the below mentioned thinkers come from Otrar?

a)

Balasaguni

b)

Jassavi

c)

Al-Farabi

d)

Dulati

59.

59.Single out the key idea of XVIIIc. Enlightenment:


a)

Idea of universal unity

b)

Divine revelation as knowledge source

c)

Cult of Reason and Progress.

d)

Tradition over rational inquiry

60.

60.Outstanding Russian writer and thinker, personal friend of Ch. Valikhanov - creator of "Crime and Punishment".

a)

N. Chernyshevsky

b)

N. Dobrolyubov.

c)

L. Tolstoy

d)

F. Dostoevsky.

61.

61.The term «religion» in Latin means:

a)

piety, reverence (re-ligare).

b)

politics.

c)

law.

d)

science.

62.

62.For O. Spengler civilization is -?

a)

Progress of Culture

b)

Rioting of Masses.

c)

Decline of Culture.

d)

Stabilization of Culture.

63.

63.Humanism of the Epoch of Renaissance means:

a)

Human creation by God

b)

Human dependence on circumstances.

c)

Predetermination of a human fate by God.

d)

Self-value of a human.

64.

64.Marxist's understanding of the human's essence?

a)

Cosmo-Universal.

b)

Theological.

c)

The totality of social relations.

d)

Spiritual & Ideal.

65.

65.The supporter of the social division with "super caste"?

a)

Nietzsche.

b)

Schopenhauer.

c)

Hegel.

d)

Freud.

66.

66.The notion worked out by Z. Freud's psychoanalysis generating sexual attraction?

a)

ego

b)

Super-Ego.

c)

Id.

d)

Libido.

67.

67.Philosophy emerged:

a)

In Europe

b)

Practically at the same time in Ancient India, China and Greece.

c)

In ancient China.

d)

In ancient India.

68.

68.Philosophy of "human existence" in XX c.

a)

Neopositivism

b)

Phenomenology.

c)

Existentialism.

d)

Postpositivism.

69.

69.What philosophic trend did come out to replace neopositivism after the break-off of its program?

a)

Structuralism

b)

Postpositivism

c)

Hermeneutics;

d)

Phenomenology;

70.

70.What is the essence of the spiritual production?

a)

The spiritual production is necessary for the multidimensional person

b)

The spiritual life of the society is independent of the norms of the social life.

c)

Spiritual production produces the ideal types of people.

d)

The production of ideas, conceptions, and spiritual values.

71.

71.Which of the below categories denote the general base and inner integrity of the essence?

a)

Substance.

b)

Object.

c)

Subject.

d)

Phenomenon.

72.

72.What is the super form of matter's motion?

a)

Mechanical

b)

Biological.

c)

Social.

d)

Chemical

73.

73.What makes up the world's integrity?

a)

In God

b)

In its absence.

c)

In its material unity and interconnection.

d)

In spiritual commencement.

74.

74.Dialectics is the philosophic teaching:

a)

On cognition of the Being

b)

On emergence of the Solar system.

c)

On universal stability.

d)

On the universal regulations of development and interconnection.

75.

75.Point to the method opposite Dialectics:

a)

Analysis.

b)

Induction.

c)

Metaphysics.

d)

Deduction.

76.

76.Teaching on universal causality of the involved phenomena:

a)

Indeterminism.

b)

Determinism.

c)

Fatalism

d)

Conventionalism.

77.

77.The definition of scientific Ethics:

a)

The system of proofs on authenticity of the true knowledge

b)

The system of scientific facts

c)

The system of scientific discoveries

d)

The system of moral principles regulating the activity of the scientific community.

78.

78.Which of the mentioned categories denote the interaction of quality and quantity:

a)

Measure.

b)

Essence.

c)

Form.

79.

79.Philosophy of the New Modern Times relied on authority of:

a)

Church

b)

Science

c)

Philosophy

d)

State

80.

80.What is the principal problem of existentialism?

a)

Problems of ontology/ Teaching on being

b)

Methodology and Logics of scientific cognition

c)

The issue of uniqueness, liberty and responsibility of a human.

d)

Problems of scientific cognition

81.

81.What is nature?

a)

Nature - The noosphere of the Earth

b)

Nature - the geographic reality for the human's existence

c)

Nature - the entire material reality

d)

Nature - part of the world selected as the area of the humans' activity

82.

82.Development is - ?

a)

Any interaction.

b)

Cyclical movement

c)

Progressive changes only

d)

Irreversible, directed qualitative changes

83.

83.Something that makes the difference of humans' and animals' psychics and converts into the state of consciousness:

a)

Abstract Thinking

b)

Imagination

c)

Language

d)

Self-consciousness

84.

84.Which is of the below mentioned features gives the sense to the world religions?

a)

Religious Institutions

b)

Divine books

c)

Monotheism

d)

Belief in the Life after Death

85.

85.What is the way of thinking by means of polar categories?

a)

Eclecticism

b)

Dialectics

c)

Metaphysics

d)

Synergetics

86.

86.In whose teaching Culture turns into the subject matter of Philosophy.

a)

Aristotle

b)

Feuerbach

c)

Hegel

d)

Cusanus

87.

87.The elements of the naïve dialectics have worked out by:

a)

Plato

b)

Aristotle

c)

Heraclitus

d)

Anaximander

88.

88. The Philosophy of the New Modern Times relies on the authority of:

a)

Philosophy

b)

Science

c)

State

d)

Chruch

89.

89.The sphere of consciousness including abstract thinking, memory, logic, and attention is:

a)

Emotional

b)

Aesthetical

c)

Cognitive

d)

Mythological

90.

90.Who among the following thinkers belong to the Kazakh enlighteners?

a)

Kashgari, Jassavi

b)

Balasaguni, Nizami, Saadi

c)

A. Kunanbaev, Ch. Valikhanov, I. Altynsarin

d)

Avicenna, Averroes

91.

91.The complex of interacting elements is called:

a)

System

b)

Self-organization

c)

Attribute

d)

Structure

92.

92.The branch of philosophy focused on cognition is:

a)

Axiology

b)

Anthropology

c)

Theology

d)

Gnoseology

93.

93.Does not belong to any kinds of Arts

a)

Painting

b)

Language

c)

Theatre

d)

Architecture

94.

94.The author of the book Existentialism is Humanism is:

a)

J.-P. Sartre

b)

V. Frankl

c)

G. Marcel

d)

F. Nietzsche

95.

95.Objective criteria of the historical process in Marxist Philosophy:

a)

The state of democracy in the State

b)

Law-abiding of all members

c)

Mode of production

d)

Development of science

96.

96. The solution of the problem of God by Nietzsche:

a)

The God is dead

b)

Everything is integral in God

c)

God is a superman

d)

God and a human are the same

97.

97.For identifying human qualities, the appropriate notions are:

a)

Specie

b)

A human

c)

Individual

d)

Personality

98.

98.The main forms of sensual cognition:

a)

à)Sensation, perception, representation

b)

b) Notion, judgment, deduction

c)

c) Observation, analysis, synthesis

d)

D) Problem, hypothesis, theory

99.

99. What is consciousness?

a)

Psychic notion in general.

b)

Sphere of thinking.

c)

 Subjective reality as the reflection of the reality, related to the language and human mind.

d)

Sphere of sensitivity

100.

100. The form of consciousness with belief in God and related miracles, accepting the existence of Gods ;

a)

Science.

b)

Philosophy.

c)

Arts

d)

Religion

101.

101. Give the definition of Agnosticism:

a)

Human cognition is always relative.

b)

Cognition of the world is impossible.

c)

Cognition is quite doubtful.

d)

Cognition is possible.

102.

  1. 102.What is truth?

a)

Adequacy of knowledge to reality.

b)

Knowledge which is handy and useful.

c)

Objective state of the things by themselves

d)

The result of the speculative arrangement of the scientists

103.

103. What is the fundamental criteria of the truth?

a)

Usefulness.

b)

Acknowledgement.

c)

Practice.

d)

Beauty

104.

104. Which of the below mentioned problems are of the global caliber?

a)

Ecological.

b)

Problem of the elementary particles.

c)

Problems of the mathematical theory of Stability

d)

Problem of the composition of the Universe

105.

105.Study of the Future

a)

  1. Monadology

b)

  1. Cosmology

c)

  1. Psychology

d)

  1. Futurology

106.

106. Which of the below mentioned forms of consciousness is studied by ethics?


a)

  1. Political

b)

  1. Legal

c)

  1. Religious

d)

  1. Moral

107.

  1. 107.To what area of consciousness does the category «beautiful» belong?

a)

  1. Legal

b)

  1. Scientific

c)

  1. Moral

d)

  1. Esthetical

108.

108.

  1. What are the global problems of Mankind?

a)

  1. Problems related to the organized delinquency

b)

  1. The critical problems of Science and Technology

c)

  1. Problems related to the survival of the Mankind and human civilization

d)

  1. The most vital problems of science

109.

109.Consciousness is immaterial as:

a)

  1. It has no extension in space

b)

  1. It is a reflection, not a material object itself

c)

  1. It depends on the will and desire of the subject

d)

  1. It does not consist of the material particles, atoms, electrons etc.

110.

  1. 110.Philosophic theory of cognition:

a)

  1. Sociology

b)

  1. Ontology

c)

  1. Axiology

d)

  1. Gnoseology

111.

111. The main forms of the rational cognition:

a)

  1. Intuition, Memory, Imagination

b)

  1. Sensation, Perception, Representation

c)

  1. Reason, Intellect, Spirit

d)

  1. Concept, Judgment, Inference

112.

112. Disclose the essence of the term "social psychology":


a)

Views and ideas existing as part of the systemized concepts.

b)

Traditions, customs, religious and moral views, emotions existing at the everyday level.

c)

  1. Emotions of an individual

d)

  1. The system of views, theories and ideas created by the politicians

113.


113. Point to the correct statement on Culture and how it is divided

a)

  1. Material and Political

b)

  1. Material and Spiritual

c)

  1. Spiritual and Individual

d)

  1. Spiritual and Political

114.

114. Social Philosophy:

a)

Science on relations among the people

b)

Science on the technological progress.

 

c)

Science on the regulations of the society development

d)

Science dealing with the relations of nature and a Human

115.

115. Intuition is - ?

a)

Divine discovery

b)

Direct acquisition of the essences of things

c)

А special way of getting to the truth not based on logical reasoning.

d)

Logical and self-evident knowledge

116.

116. Civilization is ?:

a)

The set of the material and spiritual achievements of the society

b)

A summary of people united by homogeneous Culture.

c)

The level of Cultural development in a certain state.

d)

The stage of culture ensuing the barbarian type.

117.

117. Scientific supposition which is to be proved is - ?

a)

Principle

b)

Hypothesis

c)

Problem

d)

Theory

118.

118. Teaching that denies the possibility of objective world cognition:

a)

  1. Mechanicism

b)

  1. Pragmatism

c)

  1. Rationalism

d)

  1. Agnosticism

119.

119. The key problem of Anthropology:

a)

The Problem of a Human

b)

The Problem of God

c)

The Problem of Technology

d)

The Problem of Business

120.

120. State is - ? (In the Political Sense)

a)

Territory

b)

The System of Institutions with the supreme Authority on the authorized territory.

c)

Population

d)

Authority


121.

121. Republic of Kazakhstan by its form of governing:

a)

Republic of the mixed type

b)

Presidential Republic

c)

Monarchy

d)

Parliamentary Republic

122.

122. What did Philosophy mean at the moment of its emergence?


a)

Love of Cognition


b)

Love of Nature

c)

Love of Wisdom

d)

Love of animals

123.

121. Republic of Kazakhstan by its form of governing:

a)

Parliamentary Republic

b)

Presidential Republic

c)

Republic of the mixed type

d)

Monarchy

124.

122. What did Philosophy mean at the moment of its emergence?

a)

Love of Nature

b)

Love of Wisdom

c)

Love of animals

d)

Love of Cognition

125.

123. Who of the ancient philosophers was the creator of Atomism

a)

Democritus

b)

Socrates

c)

Thales

d)

Heraclitus

126.

124. Who did invent "maieutics" as the way of carrying the dialogues?

a)

Aristotle

b)

Plato

c)

Socrates

d)

Zenon

127.

125. Who of the ancient philosophers did open up the world of ideas?

a)

Aristotle

b)

Democritus

c)

Fales

d)

Plato

128.

126. Who of the ancient philosophers did set up the typology of knowledge?

a)

Plato

b)

Pythagoras

c)

Aristotle

d)

Zeno

129.

127. Who of the ancient philosophers was the first to introduce the term "Philosophy"

a)

Pythagoras

b)

Plato

c)

Zenon

d)

Fales

130.

128. What was the epoch of Medieval Philosophy?

a)

Slavery

b)

Capitalism

c)

Feudalism

d)

Ancient Times

131.

129. When did the statement "True philosophy and true religion - the same stuff" come out?

a)

Ancient times

b)

Renaissance times

c)

Enlightenment times

d)

Medieval times

132.

130. Scholastics and Patristic were the teaching of the Philosophy?

a)

Renaissance times

b)

Newly Modern times

c)

Medieval

d)

Enlightenment

133.

131. Who was the Hero of Medieval philosophy with five arguments?

a)

Nicola Machiavelli

b)

Thomas Aquinas

c)

Rene Descartes

d)

Nicola Machiavelli

134.

132. Who was the founder of the Arabic Muslim Philosophy?

a)

Al-Kindi

b)

Al-Farabi

c)

Ibn-Rushd (Averroes)

d)

Ibn-Sina (Avicenna)

135.

133. Who of the great Arabic Muslim philosophers was granted to the title of the "second teacher" (after Aristotle)?

a)

Ibn-Rushd (Averroes)

b)

Ibn-Khaldun

c)

Al-Farabi

d)

Al-Kindi

136.

134. Who of the great Arabic Muslim philosophers was an ethnic Tajik?

a)

Averroes

b)

Ibn-Khaldun

c)

Ibn-Sina

d)

Al-Kindi

137.

135. Who of the Arabic Muslim philosophers was a great medical doctor?

a)

Al-Kindi

b)

Averroes

c)

Ibn-Sina

d)

Al-Farabi

138.

136. Who of the Arabic Muslim philosopher did come up with the concept of the double way to the truth?

a)

Al-Farabi

b)

Al-Kindi

c)

Ibn-Sina

d)

Ibn-Rushd

139.

137. What was the teaching of the Arabic philosophers combined with apart from Aristotle's teaching?

a)

Belief in God

b)

Reason

c)

Convention

d)

Lucky chance

140.

138. What does the Renaissance notion mean?

a)

Circulation

b)

Motion

c)

Retreat

d)

Revival

141.

139. What was the idea of the Philosophy of the Renaissance Time?

a)

Consolidation of theology.

b)

The return to the humanistic and naturalistic views of antiquity.

c)

Return to the Scholastics.

d)

Rehabilitation of the religion.

142.

140. Who of the philosophers of the Renaissance Time worked out the coincidence of opposites?

a)

Averroes

b)

Al-Farabi

c)

Nicola Cusanus

d)

Plato

143.

141. Where did the idea of Renaissance come out?

a)

Germany

b)

Great Britain

c)

Italy

d)

USA

144.

142. What is pantheism in the philosophic sense?

a)

God is the dominating force.

b)

God is helpless.

c)

The role of religion is dying off

d)

God and Nature are identical.

145.

143. Why did N. Machiavelli put forward the idea of statehood?

a)

To erect the city dwellings

b)

To develop infrastructure

c)

To unify Italy and keep the people under control.

d)

To set up good roads.

146.

144. What was the driving force of the Newly Modern Times?


a)

The arms race.

b)

Devaluation of the Religion.

c)

Development of Capitalism.

d)

Ecological issues

147.

145. What is the primary and primitive form of motion?

a)

Physical

b)

Biological

c)

Mechanical

d)

Social

148.

146. Who of the below mentioned philosophers did come up with the idea of the "idols" or "phantoms"?

a)

Al-Farabi

b)

G. Berkeley

c)

F. Bacon

d)

Plato

149.

147. What is the idea of the inductive method?

a)

Transition from much to less.

b)

Transition from top to the bottom.

 

c)

Transition from particular to the general.

d)

Transition from bad to worse.

150.

148. What was the basic tendency of the philosophy of the Newly Modern Times?

a)

Shift from the whole to the details.

b)

Shift from ontology to gnoseology

c)

Shift from reason to mind.

d)

Shift from the sky to earth.

151.

149. What is the empirical stage of cognition?

a)

Knowledge outcoming from some theory.

b)

Knowledge gained with the help of the senses.

c)

Knowledge received from the religious dogmas.

d)

Knowledge based on some sporadic facts.

152.

150. Who was the creator of the deductive method (as a foundational ideal)?

a)

B. Spinoza

b)

Rene Descartes

c)

N. Cuzano

d)

N. Machiavelli

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