A(n) ______________ variable places an individual into one of several groups or categories.

A(n) ______________ variable takes numerical values for which it makes sense to find an average.

Data from categorical variables are displayed with ______________ or ______________ charts.

Data from quantitative variables are displayed with ________________, ________ plots, or ________ plots.

When describing a quantitative distribution, you should always include ______________, ______________, ______________, ______________, and ______________.

Choose the correct comparison of the mean and median for each shape given.

A(n) ____________________ is an individual value that falls outside the overall pattern of the distribution.

The ________________ is the average value, calculated by summing all values and dividing by the count. It is ________________ to outliers.

The ____________________ is the midpoint of the distribution, with half the observations smaller and half larger. It is _______________ to outliers.

The ____________________ describes the variation of the data set. It is the average distance from the mean. It is ________________ to outliers.

The Interquartile Range (________) is the distance between the first quartile (________) and the third quartile (________). It is ____________________ to outliers.

The ____________________ summarizes a distribution using the Minimum, ________, Median, ________, and Maximum. These values create a boxplot.

A rule for identifying outliers is any value falling outside the interval ________________ to ________________.

A ________________ measures how many standard deviations a value is from the mean.

Adding a constant, c, to every observation __________ the measures of center (mean, median, quartiles) by c but ________________ the measures of spread (range, IQR, standard deviation).

Multiplying every observation by a positive constant, b, ________________ both the measures of center and measures of spread by b.

The empirical rule states that _______% of data is within 1 standard deviation of the mean in a normal distribution, _______% is within 2 standard deviations, and _______% is within 3 standard deviations.

To find the percent of data lying within set boundaries in a normal curve, use ________________________ on the calculator.

To find the value that lies at a certain percentage in a normal curve, use ________________________ on the calculator.

A ________________ displays the relationship between two ________________ variables.

When describing a scatterplot, you should discuss ____________, ________________, ________________, and ________________.

The ________ variable is plotted on the horizontal (x) axis, and the ________ variable is plotted on the vertical (y) axis.

The ________________, denoted by r, measures the ____________ and ____________ of the linear relationship between two quantitative variables.

The value of r must be between ________ and ________. A value close to 0 indicates a ________ linear relationship.

____________________ does not imply ____________________.

The ________________ regression line is the line that minimizes the sum of the ________________ of the ________________ (vertical distances) from the data points to the line.

The general form of the least-squares regression line is ________________, where ŷ is the ________________ value of the response variable.

The ________ of the line represents the ____________ change in the ________ variable for every one-unit increase in the ____________ variable.

The ________ is the ________________ value of the ________ variable when the ________ variable is zero.

In a computer output, the values needed for an LSRL are in the __________ column of numbers. The slope of the line is _______ and the y-intercept is _______.

______________ is the use of a regression line to make ________ for x values that are far outside the range of the ____________ data. These predictions are often _____________.

A ________ is the difference between an observed value and the value predicted by the regression line.

A(n) _______ plot is a scatterplot of the _______ against the _______ variable.

A good fit for a linear model is indicated by a residual plot that shows ________ pattern.

The ________________, denoted by r² is the percent of the variation in the ________ variable that is accounted for by the ____________ with the ________ variable.

A(n) ________________ is an observation that lies outside the overall pattern of the other observations.

A(n) _____________ point is an observation that, if removed, would significantly change the ____________ or ____________ of the regression line.

Points that are ____________ in the x direction relative to the rest of the data are ____________________ points.

The standard deviation of the residuals is ______. It measures the typical _______________________________.

A(n) ________________ attempts to collect data from every individual in the population.

A(n) ________________ is a value from a sample to used to estimate a population ___________________.

A(n) ________________ imposes a treatment on individuals to measure their responses.

A(n) ____________________________ observes individuals and measures variables without attempting to influence the responses.

A(n) ________ is a method of choosing a sample where every individual and every possible group of size n has an equal chance of being selected.

In _____________ sampling, the population is first divided into similar groups called ______________, and then a SRS is chosen from each group.

In _____________ sampling, the population is first divided into representative groups called __________, and then all individuals from a randomly chosen subset of these groups are selected.

____________ sampling selects individuals who are easiest to reach. This method often leads to ________________ bias, because not all of the population was eligible to be chosen.

______________ sampling allows individuals to choose to be in the sample by responding to a general invitation (e.g., an online poll). This often leads to ______________ bias.

__________________ is the difference between the results of multiple samples taken from a population.

______________ is a systematic error in the design of the study that tends to favor certain outcomes.

__________________ bias occurs when an individual chosen for the sample cannot be contacted or refuses to cooperate.

__________________ bias occurs when respondents lie or give inaccurate answers, often due to the wording of the question or the identity of the interviewer.

The four key principles of experimental design are ________________, ________________, ________________, and ________________.

There are three steps needed to describe the random assignment of treatments in an experiment: ________________, ________________, ________________.

The individuals to whom the treatments are applied are called ______________ units. When they are human, they are called ______________.

A(n) ______________ is a condition applied to the experimental units. The treatments are formed by combining different levels of the ______________ variables (or factors).

In a(n) ______________ experiment, neither the subjects nor the people who interact with them and measure the response variable know which treatment a subject received.

In a(n) ______________ experiment, either the subjects or the people who interact with them know the treatment a subject received, but not both.

The ______________ effect occurs when subjects not receiving an active treatment show a response simply because they believe they are receiving a treatment.

In a(n) _____________________ experimental design, experimental units are randomly assigned to treatments.

In a(n) __________________ experimental design, experimental units are assigned to groups based on a common characteristic, then treatments are assigned within each group.

In a(n) ____________ experimental design, experimental units are either matched up with one other unit or matched with themselves. Then treatments are randomly assigned.

Random assignment of treatments is important to show __________________.

Random sampling is important for _____________ results to a __________________.

The set of all possible outcomes of a chance process is called the _____________.

A(n) ______________ is any collection of outcomes from some chance process.

The ______________ of any event must be a number between 0 and 1.

The __________________________ states that if we observe more and more repetitions of a chance process, the proportion of times that a specific outcome occurs approaches a single value.

If two events have no outcomes in common, they are ____________________ (or disjoint). This means P(A ∩ B) = __________.

The probability that event B occurs given that event A has already occurred is called ________ ________ and is written as ___________.

Two events A and B are ________________ if the occurrence of one event does not affect the probability that the other event occurs. This means P(A ∩ B) = ____________

A ________________, or a ____________________ can be helpful tools for organizing and solving probability problems.

A ____________________ is a variable whose value is a numerical outcome of a chance process.

A ____________ random variable X takes a fixed set of possible values with gaps between them.

A ____________ random variable Y takes all values in an interval of numbers.

The __________ value of a random variable is the mean of the outcomes, calculated as ______________

When adding or subtracting two random variables, X and Y, the new ________ is always the sum or difference of the individual means.

When adding or subtracting two independent random variables, the new ________ is the square root of the sum of the______________.

The conditions for a ________________ distribution are ____________________, ____________________, ____________________, and ______________________________.

In a ____________ distribution, the variable of interest is the number of ______________ needed to get the ______________ success.

The mean (expected value) of a Binomial random variable is __________. The standard deviation of a Binomial random variable is ____________.

The mean (expected value) of a Geometric random variable is ____________. The standard deviation of a Geometric random variable is ____________.

When calculating a binomial probability of an exact value, use binom _______. When calculating a binomial geometric probability of a ≤, use binom_______.

What is the meaning of the term 'Categorical'?

What does 'Standard Deviation' measure?

Which term refers to the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables?