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Endocrine System

Total questions: 59

Worksheet time: 31mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

communication in the body through endocrine system

a)

via hormones carried by body fluids

b)

via nerve impulse transmitted through neurons

c)

slower acting, longer lasting

d)

fast acting, short lasting

2.

communication in the body through endocrine system

a)

via hormones carried by body fluids

b)

via nerve impulse transmitted through neurons

c)

slower acting, longer lasting

d)

fast acting, short lasting

3.

secrete hormones directly into blood

a)
Nerve cells
b)
Lymphatic vessels
c)
Endocrine glands
d)
Exocrine glands
4.

small organs distributed throughout the body that produces hormones

highly vascularized

a)
Cells
b)
Glands
c)
Organs
d)
Tissues
5.

chemical messengers in blood

act of specific targets

affects metabolism of cells and tissues

a)
Hormones
b)
Antibodies
c)
Neurotransmitters
d)
Enzymes
6.

hormones can only affect those cells with

a)
non-specific receptors
b)
universal receptors
c)
specific receptors
d)
general receptors
7.

how many cells can a hormone target?

a)

2k to 100k

b)

3k to 100k

c)

2k to 200k

8.

most endocrine organs are surrounded by _____ allowing hormones easy access to blood

a)

fenestrated myothelium

b)

fenestrated epithelium

c)

fenestrated endothelium

9.

large water-soluble hormones require receptor mediated ____ to get out of circulation

a)
osmosis
b)

transcytosis

c)
diffusion
d)
exocytosis
10.

most hormones are regulated by a

a)
chemical reactions
b)
neural signals
c)

negative feedback mechanisms

d)
hormonal pathways
11.

which chemicals are lipid-soluble?

a)

Amino Acids

b)

Protein Hormones

c)

Steroid Hormones

12.

which chemicals are water-soluble?

a)

Amino Acids

b)

Protein Hormones

c)

Steroid Hormones

13.

enter cells, and change gene expression

new proteins alter cell's activity

protein bound

a)

Amino Acids

b)

Protein Hormones

c)

Steroid Hormones

14.

bind cell membrane receptors, and use second messengers inside produce all the effects.

a)

Amino Acids

b)

Protein Hormones

c)

Steroid Hormones

15.

which is the "releasing hormones" that directs anterior pituitary

a)

Hypothalamus

b)

Pituitary Gland

c)

Adrenal Cortex

16.

controlled via hypophyseal portal system

two capillary networks attached by portal veins

a)

anterior pituitary

b)

posterior pituitary

c)

hypothalamus

17.

"master gland"

releases "tropic hormones"

a)

anterior pituitary

b)

posterior pituitary

c)

hypothalamus

18.

blood vessel system that directly connects hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

allows sending of hormones DIRECTLY

a)
hypothalamic-neurovascular network
b)
anterior pituitary vascular loop
c)
hypothalamic-endocrine pathway
d)

hypophyseal portal system

19.

what are tropic hormones?

a)
Tropic hormones are produced only in the pancreas.
b)
Tropic hormones directly affect muscle contractions.
c)
Tropic hormones are responsible for digestion and metabolism.
d)
Tropic hormones are hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to release their hormones.
20.

target ovaries & testes

for follicle growth (estrogen release)

for sperm production

a)

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

b)

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

c)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

d)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

e)

Growth Hormone
(GH)

21.

target ovaries & testes

stimulates ovulation & testosterone

a)

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

b)

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

c)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

d)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

e)

Growth Hormone
(GH)

22.

target adrenal cortex

to stimulate cortisol & estrogen/testosterone secretion

a)

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

b)

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

c)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

d)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

e)

Growth Hormone
(GH)

23.

target thyroid gland

to stimulate T3 & T4

a)

Prolactin

b)

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

c)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

d)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

e)

Growth Hormone
(GH)

24.

target most body cells

to stimulate growth & division

a)

Prolactin

b)

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

c)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

d)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

e)

Growth Hormone
(GH)

25.

not a tropic hormone

target breast

stimulates breast development and milk production

a)

Prolactin

b)

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

c)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

d)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

e)

Growth Hormone
(GH)

26.

GH is most abundant in which part of the body

a)
adrenal cortex
b)
posterior pituitary gland
c)
thyroid gland
d)
anterior pituitary gland
27.

does not synthesize (make) hormones

secretes hormones produced in hypothalamus via hypophyseal tracts

a)
Anterior pituitary gland
b)
Thyroid gland
c)
Adrenal cortex
d)
Posterior pituitary gland
28.

target uterus and breast

causes smooth muscle contraction during delivery

milk ejection

a)
progesterone
b)
estrogen
c)
oxytocin
d)
prolactin
29.

target kidney

stimulates reabsorption of water

low urine production and sweating

increased BP

a)
Renin
b)
Aldosterone
c)
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
d)
Natriuretic Peptide
30.

when does osmoreceptors in hypothalamus gets triggered to release ADH

a)
Osmoreceptors respond to decreased plasma volume.
b)

Osmoreceptors are triggered by high osmotic pressure

c)
Osmoreceptors are activated by low blood pressure.
d)
Osmoreceptors release ADH during dehydration.
31.

why do we experience excessive urination and rapid dehydration when drinking alcohol?

a)
Excessive urination results from alcohol's effect on liver function.
b)
Dehydration is caused by the high sugar content in alcoholic drinks.
c)

Alcohol inhibit vasopressin, leading to increased water excretion by the kidneys.

d)
Alcohol increases vasopressin production, causing water retention.
32.

two lobes connected by an isthmus

produces thyroid hormones & calcitonin

a)

thyroid gland

b)

adrenal glands

c)

pancreas

d)

parathyroid gland

33.

surrounded follicles

produce T3 & T4

a)

follicular cells

b)

parafollicular cells

34.

found between follicles

produce calcitonin

a)

follicular cells

b)

parafollicular cells

35.

storage form of thyroid hormone precursors found in thyroid follicles produced by follicular cells

only released when need

a)

Colloid

b)
Thyroglobinase
c)
Thyrocyte
d)
Thyroidine
36.

a form of colloid

more abundant and longer-lasting

converted to T3 inside the cell

circulating

a)
Calcitonin
b)
Thyroxine (T4)
c)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
d)
Cortisol
37.

a form of colloid

4x more potent than T4

cell activating hormone

a)
Calcitonin
b)
Thyroxine (T4)
c)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
d)
Cortisol
38.

target most body cells

↑ metabolic rate

↑ body temp

↑ protein synthesis

a)
Adrenaline
b)
Insulin
c)

Thyroid hormones

d)
Cortisol
39.

hyperthyroidism causes

weight loss, muscle tremors, excessive perspiration (sweating), and nervousness

a)

due to excess thyroid hormones

b)

due to thyroid hormones deficiency

40.

produced by parafollicular cells

target bone

lowers blood calcium deposition in bone

antagonist to parathyroid hormone

a)
calcitonin
b)
parathyroid hormone
c)
calcitriol
d)
vitamin D
41.

4-8 pea sized glands embedded in the thyroid gland

a)
Parathyroid glands
b)
Pituitary glands
c)
Thyroid follicles
d)
Adrenal glands
42.

parathyroid hormone

a)

increase calcium reabsorption, stimulating bone resorption, and promoting vitamin D activation

b)

responsible for insulin production in the pancreas

c)

regulates sodium levels in the blood and affects blood pressure

d)

decreases calcium levels by promoting excretion in the kidneys

43.

superior pole of kidneys

role in body body metabolism, bp, and stress response

a)
Pancreas
b)
Adrenal glands
c)
Thyroid gland
d)
Liver
44.

target kidneys

stimulates Na and water reabsorption in the kidney

K secretion

a)
angiotensin II
b)
aldosterone
c)
vasopressin
d)
cortisol
45.

main stress hormone of the body

a)
angiotensin II
b)
aldosterone
c)
vasopressin
d)
cortisol
46.

what are the effects of cortisol?

a)

↑ blood glucose

b)

↑ BP due to vasoconstriction

c)

↑ connective tissue production

d)

↑ protein and lipid breakdown

47.

what is hypocortisolism?

manifestation: weakness in limbs, obesity, moon face, facial redness

a)

to an excess of adrenal hormones.

b)

condition of high cortisol levels.

c)

type of adrenal gland tumor.

d)

condition of low cortisol levels.

48.

sex hormones produced by adrenal cortex

usually have little significance

a)

aldosterone

b)

gonadocorticoids

c)

cortisol

d)

Progestin

49.

hormones produced by adrenal cortex

a)
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Prolactin
b)
Cortisol, Aldosterone, Androgens
c)
Insulin, Glucagon, Thyroxine
d)
Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone
50.

10% of mass of adrenal gland

released in times of stress to enhance and prolong SNS

a)

adrenal medulla

b)

adrenal cortex

51.

which cells in adrenal medulla produce catecholamines such as norepinephrine and epinephrine?

a)
Chromaffin cells
b)
Pheochromocytes
c)
Adrenal cortex cells
d)
Medullary cells
52.

posterior to stomach

mixed gland

99% exocrine acini

a)
Liver
b)
Spleen
c)
Gallbladder
d)
Pancreas
53.

where is endocrine cells of pancreas found?

a)

islets of Langerhans

b)

acini

c)

ducts of the pancreas

d)

stomach lining adjacent to the pancreas

54.

acts on almost all cells of body

increased glucose uptake

a)

insulin

b)

glucagon

55.

what are the roles of insulin in fat, protein, and glucose?

a)

reduces glycogen production

b)

glucose uptake

c)

promotes fat storage

d)

enhances protein synthesis

e)

promotes gluconeogenesis

56.

primarily affects the liver

antagonist of insulin

a)
insulin
b)
glucagon
57.

why is glucagon considered an antagonist of insulin?

a)

promotes glycogen conversion back to glucose and release to blood

b)

both raise blood glucose levels equally

c)

promotes fat storage, while insulin promotes fat breakdown

d)

decreases blood glucose levels, while insulin increases them.

58.

Type 1 Diabetes means

a)

lack of insulin

b)

state of insulin resistance

c)

insulin is overproduced

59.

Type 2 Diabetes means

a)

lack of insulin

b)

state of insulin resistance

c)

insulin is overproduced

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