Consider the real number $$-2 + \sqrt{7}$$ . What is the additive inverse of this number?

This compound is produced by its namesake neurons in an area of the midbrain called the substantia nigra. This neurotransmitter is created through the decarboxylation of tyrosine, and its deficiency causes Parkinson’s disease. What neurotransmitter plays a crucial role in the body’s reward system?

Article 5 of this organization’s charter states that an attack against one member is an attack against all. During the Kosovo War, this organization bombed Serbia. Russia claims that its invasion of Ukraine is in response to the expansion of what military alliance between the U.S. and much of Europe that opposed the Warsaw Pact in the Cold War?

This character’s namesake work was originally contained on twelve clay tablets. After witnessing his friend’s death, he seeks the Herb of Immortality, only to see it eaten by a serpent. Who is this titular king of the oldest known epic poem in history, comrade of Enkidu?

One individual of this phylum named Ming was found to be 507 years old—that individual was a marine quahog and determined to be the longest-lived individual animal. Some members of this phylum use a rasp-like tongue called a radula and all members of this phylum move through the use of a muscular foot. Name this invertebrate phylum that includes the bivalves, snails, and cephalopods.

Animals including a Hippo and Crocodile are painted by this artist in a series of “hunts.” Marie de Medici commissioned a series of works by this artist that includes his The Disembarkation at Marseilles. Stages of Jesus’ crucifixion were painted in the Antwerp Cathedral by what Flemish artist of The Descent From the Cross?

This Greek writer was notably born in the colony of Halicarnassus. His nine-volume work recounts such events in warfare as the invasion of Xerxes and the Battle of Marathon. Whose chronicling of the Greco-Persian war earned him the title “the father of history”?

The Supreme Court compelled states to comply with this decision “with all deliberate speed.” Future justice Thurgood Marshall argued for this case’s plaintiff, whose daughter was not allowed to attend her closest elementary school. Plessy v. Ferguson was overturned by what landmark Supreme Court case that determined school segregation was unconstitutional?

A point in polar coordinates is represented by 8, comma, negative pi over 2. If this point were to be graphed on a rectangular plane, what would be the coordinate of the point?

At this novel’s end, an American tourist says, “I didn’t know sharks had such handsome, beautifully formed tails.” The young boy, Manolin, helps the titular fisherman who dreams of baseball and lions throughout the novella. What is this Pulitzer-winning tale of Santiago and the marlin by Ernest Hemingway?

This explorer disappeared after his crew mutinied and cast him out in James Bay. While searching for the Northwest Passage, this man sailed up his namesake river under Dutch employment. Name this English explorer, the namesake of a large Canadian Bay and the longest river in New York.

Brenda is making a playlist and has chosen 6 songs to include. In how many ways can Brenda arrange these 6 songs into a playlist?

This phenomenon occurs when the phase difference is an odd multiple of pi. This phenomenon can be seen at the dark fringes during Young’s double slit experiment. What is this phenomenon that creates nodes where two waves meet in a standing wave, the opposite of constructive interference?

A late-summer festival celebrating this deity has clay depictions of him tossed into a river. To defeat his brother Karthikeya in a race around the world, this deity walked around his parents three times. Name this Hindu deity and “remover of obstacles” who is depicted with an elephant head.

This author began writing in English rather than Russian halfway through his career, producing works like Ada and Pale Fire. His most famous work is titled for its character Dolores Haze, the underage muse of its protagonist. What author featured the pedophilic narrator Humbert Humbert in Lolita?

This force was the only army allowed in the pomerium, Rome’s legal boundaries. After the death of Pertinax, this force auctioned the empire to its highest bidder, Didius Julianus. New rulers often gave generous bonuses to what force, the bodyguard of Roman emperors?

In the score for this musical work, a character is represented by “The Star-Spangled Banner,” and ignores warnings offered by Sharpless. “Un Bel Di” is sung by a character in this opera awaiting the return of Lieutenant Pinkerton. Cio-Cio San commits suicide at the end of what Giacomo Puccini opera?

This property is reduced through the common ion effect applied by water softeners and decreases as temperature increases according to Henry’s law. Most silver compounds are famous for their lack of this property, which is why they form precipitates in solution. Name this property that allows a solute to dissolve into a solvent.

Triangle ABC is similar to triangle LMN. Points A and L are both at the origin. Point B is at (8, 0), and point M is at (12, 0). If point C is at (4, 10), what is the coordinate for point N?

This literary technique was first identified in a 1955 essay named for it, citing Borges as its chief proponent. Originating in Latin America, it seeks to intersect the worldly and the supernatural through elements like abundance and political critique. What style of fiction is associated with works like Allende’s The House of the Spirits and García Márquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude?

The Treaty of Berwick was signed to overthrow this country’s regency by its Lords of the Congregation, a group of Protestant nobles. Calvinism inspired the theology of John Knox, who led this country’s reformation. Presbyterianism originated in what constituent country of the United Kingdom?

An isosceles right triangle has a leg with a length of 8 units. What is the perimeter, in units, of the triangle?

Be specific. One of these structures is made of four pear-shaped lobes, while another has the same pear-shaped lobes with a torus at the center. These structures have an azimuthal quantum number of two and a principal quantum number of three. What structures contain 10 electrons and are contrasted with the S, P, and F varieties?

Carlo Blasis credited the Vestris family for inventing this technique. This ballet technique generally starts in fourth position and translates as “whirling” from French. In what ballet move does the dancer spin on one leg while the other is raised?

An early test piece for this program was called Little Joe II. In this program’s first mission Edward White, Roger Chaffee, and Gus Grissom died in a fire in January 1967. One mission in this program spawned the line, “Houston, we’ve had a problem here.” Name the NASA program whose mission 11 saw man first walk on the moon.

The U.S. forcibly moved many of these people to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma, including a leader captured near Skeleton Canyon by Nelson Miles. That man led these people’s resistance and launched raids across the southwest. Cochise and Geronimo were leaders of what tribe?

A confidence interval for a population proportion ranges from 0.42 to 0.68. As a decimal, what is the sample proportion being used to estimate the population proportion?

This literary technique appears in the Dickinson quotation, “Because I could not stop for Death— / He kindly stopped for me.” While common examples may reference howling wind or winking stars, it may also be applied to living things like animals. What do we call the characterization of non-human things with human action or emotion?

These plays are divided into two types: those which focus on historical events are called jidai-mono, while those concerning current events are considered sewa-mono. Kumadori make-up is worn by performers of this type of theatre, where actors enter on “flower paths.” Stylized costumes and singing make up what type of Japanese theater?

Later in his career, this man published the play The Mandrake and reimagined Apuleius’s The Golden Ass. A skilled philosopher and diplomat, he labeled his opus a “token of my devotion” to the then-ruler of Florence. Who wrote that it is “better to be feared than loved” in his treatise for Lorenzo de’ Medici, The Prince?

These molecules are governed by the Michaelis–Menten equation. They are regulated by allosteric sites and can be inhibited noncompetitively or competitively. Name these proteins that act as biological catalysts.

If $$A_n = 3(n - 1) + 8$$ , what is the value of $$A_{27}$$ ?

A “shop sign” painted during this movement shows a monarch’s portrait in a box. In another painting from this movement, a cupid puts his finger to his lips as a woman kicks off her shoe on the title device. Madame du Pompadour commissioned many paintings during what French movement, which included Honoré Fragonard’s The Swing?

There are between five to seven thousand modern ones of these, with Papua New Guinea home to the highest diversity of them. These systems are grouped into families like Indo-European and can be divided into dialects. Linguistics studies what form of communication, such as Spanish?

Suppose a probability distribution is normal. According to the empirical rule, what percent of a normal distribution is expected to be within one standard deviation of the mean?

Minor characters in this story include Bailey, Bobby Lee, and Red Sammy. In it, the Misfit shoots the Grandmother and her family after she recognizes him on the side of the road. What is this short story by Flannery O'Connor?

Primarily organized by Quakers like Lucretia Mott, this event’s only African-American attendee was Frederick Douglass. The Declaration of Independence inspired a list of grievances in this event’s Declaration of Sentiments, the first of which is the denial of suffrage. Name this first Women’s Rights Convention in 1848.

This interaction is described by the SU(3) symmetry group created by eight matrices named for Murray Gell-Mann. Quantum chromodynamics explains how this force is mediated by the gluon. What is this force that binds quarks together in the nucleus and is the strongest fundamental force?

A series by this photographer depicts grass and a burned stump in the Sierra Nevadas. His “Born Free and Equal” exhibition showed photos of Japanese-American internees at the Manzanar facility during World War II. The zone system was co-created with Fred Archer. What photographer captured Moon and Half Dome in Yosemite National Park?

The mathematical description of this quantity was derived by Christiaan Huygens and this quantity is always perpendicular to the direction of motion. The acceleration caused by this quantity can be calculated using the formula v squared over the radius. What is this force that always points inward and is responsible for causing circular motion?

This philosopher describes the Molyneux Problem, where one immediately recovers from blindness, in his work that claims there are “No Innate Principles.” Non-unanimous jury decisions were allowed in a governing document this philosopher helped formulate for the Carolina colony. What philosopher, who posited the idea of the “tabula rasa”, wrote Two Treatises of Government?

Fear is sparked early in this dramatic work when the Barbadian slave, Tituba, is discovered dancing naked in the forest. Giles Corey is pressed to death after repeating, “more weight,” while John Proctor is ultimately hanged. What is this Salem-set allegory of McCarthyism by Arthur Miller?

In 1906, this royal planned to federalize his multiethnic empire, reducing the influence of one of its namesake countries. The July Crisis began when this man was assassinated by Black Hand member Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo. Austria declared war on Serbia after what archduke’s death, starting World War I?

A cylinder has a base with a radius of 6 units, and a height of 20 units. In terms of pi, what is the volume, in cubic units, of the cylinder?

Consider the rational inequality that the quantity x minus 2, close quantity, divided by x is less than 0. As a compound inequality, what values of x satisfy this inequality?

A member of the Scriblerus Club, this author satirized the "Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns" in The Battle of the Books and occasionally wrote under the nom de plume Isaac Bickerstaff. What Irish satirist put forward a suggestion to sell fat children as food in A Modest Proposal?

This body's size has not changed since 1869, despite a failed Franklin Roosevelt plan to pack it above nine members. This body has appellate jurisdiction over all federal court cases. Article Three of the Constitution established what body, led by a Chief Justice, as the highest court in the judicial branch?

A species of the namesake genus for this morphology produces the Cry protein that is toxic to many insect pests; that species is thuringiensis. This general type of bacteria include E. coli and the pathogen that causes anthrax. Identify these rod-shaped bacteria, as opposed to cocci and spirilla.

One of these buildings houses the Rain Vortex, the world’s largest indoor waterfall. Due to its eight glass planes, Renzo Piano’s design for one of these buildings in Osaka stretches 1.1 miles and changes appearance with the time of day. Eero Saarinen’s design for the TWA Flight Center is in what kind of building?

Line L is perpendicular to line M. If line M goes through the points $$(-3,5)$$ and $$(9,9)$$ , what is the slope of line L?

Two balls of clay both have a mass of 3 kg and are thrown at each other such that after a head-on collision, they stick together. If the first clay ball was thrown at 5 meters per second to the right and the second was thrown at negative 2 meters per second to the left, what was the final velocity of the combined balls in meters per second?

This poet was the first in history to speak at a presidential inauguration, reciting "The Gift Outright" for John F. Kennedy in 1961. He wrote that "Good fences make good neighbors" in "Mending Wall," and that "Nature’s first green is gold" in "Nothing Gold Can Stay." What winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry is best-remembered for works like "The Road Not Taken" and "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"?

Louisiana’s Watson Brake is the oldest known one of these structures. Home to over 15,000 people, the largest pre-Columbian settlement north of Mexico was a city named Cahokia built of these structures. The Mississippian culture built massive examples of what earthen structures?

In this holiday, a chicken may be swung over one’s head before its sacrifice in the Kapporot. The Kol Nidre is read on this holiday that occurs ten days after Rosh Hashanah. Identify this Jewish day of atonement.

This writer was jailed in France following his criticism of Louis XVI’s execution. He proclaimed his Deist views in The Age of Reason, while one of his works famously opens, "These are the times that try men’s souls." What patriot and pamphleteer penned The American Crisis and Common Sense?

A flurry of these notes begin Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov’s Flight of the Bumblebee. Two top-bound bars depict four of these notes used in tandem, and these notes, when depicted alone, feature two bars along their stems. Name these notes which are played for half the duration of an eighth note.

This quantity is the horizontal asymptote on a logistic growth curve, and r-strategist species can overshoot this quantity, represented by the letter K, then undergo scramble competition and experience a dieback. Identify this quantity that represents the maximum population an ecosystem can sustainably support.

The Aleutian Islands are in a separate one of these regions from Alaska and grouped with Hawai'i instead. The contiguous U.S. is divided roughly by longitude into four of these regions, such as Mountain and Central. UTC−5 is followed in the Eastern one of what regions, meaning that New York and Louisville are five hours behind London time?

When $$\frac{3X}{8}$$ is added to $$\frac{5X}{12}$$ , the simplified result has a denominator of $$24$$ . What is the numerator of the simplified result?

A convex 3-dimensional solid has 12 faces and 8 vertices. How many edges does this solid have?

This ballet’s small barn and entryway are part of its bare set that features a fencepost towards its front. Erick Hawkins debuted as this ballet’s Husbandman, and the Shaker hymn “Simple Gifts” is adapted in the seventh scene of this ballet. Isamu Noguchi designed the set for what ballet choreographed by Martha Graham?

The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved after this leader crushed Austria and Russia at the Battle of Austerlitz. This leader escaped from his exile in Elba but was defeated by the Duke of Wellington’s forces at Waterloo. Name this Emperor of France who conquered most of Europe.

This author set many of his novels in his native California, though he documented his time spent outside of the state with his poodle in the travelogue Travels with Charley. His Cannery Row follows the kind marine biologist Doc, while East of Eden details the histories of the Hamilton and Trask families. Which Nobel Prize in Literature winner is perhaps best remembered for his story of the migrant workers George and Lenny, Of Mice and Men?

All members of this category of molecule are synthesized from a precursor molecule known as squalene. This class of molecules holds important roles in cell signaling pathways and maintaining the fluid mosaic of the cell membrane. Identify this type of lipid, often categorized by its "four fused ring" structure, an example of which is cholesterol.

This man wrote that an “injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere” in his Letter from Birmingham Jail urging civil disobedience. The first president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, he organized two of the Selma-to-Montgomery marches. Name this Civil Rights leader, who gave the “I Have a Dream” speech at the 1963 March on Washington.

In one of this playwright’s works, Paul and Corie struggle to adjust to marriage before singing an Albanian folk song. A weekly poker game involving the characters Vinnie and Speed highlights a work by this playwright of Barefoot in the Park in which Felix struggles to move in with Oscar. Name this playwright of The Odd Couple.

Values on the Volcanic Explosivity Index range based on the amount of this material produced in a volcanic eruption. This fragmental material is classified based on its size. Give this term for the rocky material expelled during volcanic eruptions, which may include volcanic bombs and lapilli.

Suppose $$F(x)=\tan(3x)$$ . What is the derivative of $$F$$ evaluated at $$x=2\pi$$ ?

What is the following sentence’s sentence structure? The guitar hanging on the wall belongs to my father.

This composer depicted Cupid melting the Cold Genius in the “Frost Scene” of one of his works. The recitative “Thy Hand, Belinda” precedes a character’s namesake “Lament” in an opera by this composer of King Arthur. The aria “When I am Laid in Earth” appears in what British composer’s opera Dido and Aeneas?

Suppose that $$F(G(x))=\sin^2 x+5$$ . If $$F(x)=x^2+5$$ , what is $$G(x)$$ ?

The slope of this equation equals the negative change in enthalpy divided by the ideal gas constant. Derived from the Gibbs–Helmholtz relationship by relating the change in Gibbs free energy to the equilibrium constant, what equation describes how a reaction’s equilibrium constant changes with temperature and is named after a Dutch chemist?

Birobidzhan is the administrative center of an Autonomous Oblast in Siberia named for these people. Groups such as Beta Israel migrated to their homeland under a Law of Return, and their major ethnic divisions include Mizrahi, Sephardic, and Ashkenazi. What cultural and religious group is described?

A long novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky embeds the tale "The Grand Inquisitor," recited by Ivan during a conversation with Alexei. Alongside Dmitri, those characters comprise a trio accused of murdering their father at the novel’s end. What is this greatest and final work by Dostoevsky?

A sample of an unknown gas evaporates over water in a closed system. The total pressure is 1.14 atmospheres and the water vapor pressure is 1.00 atmosphere. What is the vapor pressure of the unknown gas?

Consider the function $$f(x) = (x + 3)(x − 4)(x^2 + 25)(x^2 − 12)$$ . Of the real zeros of $$f(x)$$ , which zero is the largest in value?

Berlin’s Pergamon Museum houses the Ishtar Gate of this ancient city. The phrase "an eye for an eye" originates from a law code issued by its ruler Hammurabi. The possibly nonexistent Hanging Gardens, attributed to Nebuchadnezzar II, are associated with what city?

Punching elbows appear in a dance associated with this country’s Dancehall genre. The narrator of a song from this country swears "it was in self-defense"; that song was produced alongside The Wailers by the musician behind "Three Little Birds." Bob Marley’s "I Shot the Sheriff" exemplifies reggae from what country?

Towards the end of this novel, the protagonist quietly watches his sister Phoebe ride a carousel at the Central Park Zoo. Expelled from Pencey Prep, he encounters the prostitute Sunny and his former English teacher Mr. Antolini, and decries the "phoniness" of the world. What book by J. D. Salinger is described?

This director first used the dolly zoom in a film where a nun rings a bell after a falling death. Another film by this director has Roger Thornhill framed for the murder of a U.N. agent. Cary Grant ducks from a crop duster in a scene from what director’s film North by Northwest?

This common foreign word has a cognate in almost every Romance language, such as the French adieu. Interpreted literally, it means "To God." What is this Spanish word for goodbye?

Suppose that the points (0, 8), (5, 12), and (10, 15) are on the graph of f of x. Using a right Riemann sum, with intervals of 5 equal units, what is an estimate of the area under the graph of f of x from 0 to 10?

Established in 1942 as part of the Manhattan Project, this laboratory also performed the first successful bone marrow transplant in mice. In 1946 this lab produced the first medical isotopes and was the only western source of californium-252 used in nuclear reactors and cancer treatment. Name this Tennessee facility that is also home of Frontier, the second fastest supercomputer in the world.

Two answers required. One of these two countries announced the "denazification" of the other in a “special military operation.” These two countries are fighting over the Donbas region, and in 2014 one of them invaded the other’s Crimean peninsula. The wartime leaders of what two Eastern European countries are Volodymyr Zelenskyy and Vladimir Putin?