WorksheetsNutrition final
Total questions: 37
Worksheet time: 19mins
Which of the following best describes vitamins?
Nutrients required by the body in gram quantities to provide energy
Organic micronutrients that regulate physiological processes and prevent deficiency diseases
Inorganic minerals that the body produces in sufficient amounts
Compounds needed in large quantities and mainly used for structural functions
Nutrients found only in supplements and not naturally present in foods
Which statement accurately reflects a key physiological difference between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins?
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and fat, while fat-soluble vitamins are rapidly excreted in urine.
Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed directly into the bloodstream without the need for bile or dietary fat, unlike water-soluble vitamins.
Both water- and fat-soluble vitamins are equally stored in the body and excreted at the same rate.
Water-soluble vitamins generally require regular dietary intake due to limited storage, whereas fat-soluble vitamins can accumulate in tissues and pose a risk of toxicity.
Water-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are more likely to cause toxicity than fat-soluble vitamins (B-complex,
Which of the following vitamins primarily function as antioxidants in the human body?
Vitamins B1, B2, and B6
Vitamins D and K
Vitamins A, C, and E
Vitamins B12 and folate
Vitamins A, D, and K
Which of the following correctly describes a primary function of Vitamin D and a common consequence of its deficiency?
Helps blood clot; deficiency causes easy bruising and bleeding
Supports vision; deficiency causes night blindness
Functions as a coenzyme in energy metabolism; deficiency causes pellagra
Acts as an antioxidant; deficiency causes scurvy
Regulates calcium and phosphorus absorption; deficiency causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults
Which combination of vitamins and minerals is most important for bone formation and strength?
Vitamin D, Calcium, Phosphorus, Zine, and Vitamin C
Vitamin K, Magnesium, Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D
Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Copper, Calcium, and Vitamin B12
Magnesium, Calcium, Vitamin E, Phosphorus, and Selenium
Vitamin D, Vitamin K, Calcium, Iron, and Folate
A healthy I9-year-old student wants to improve her diet to prevent vitamin E deficiency. Which food is the best source of this vitamin?
White rice
Olive oil
Chicken breast
Yogurt
Apples
Which of the following correctly matches a fat-soluble vitamin with both a primary function and a major dietary source?
Vitamin D - acts as a powerful antioxidant; abundant in citrus fruits and berries
Vitamin E - essential for blood clotting; found in kale and spinach
Vitamin A - regulates calcium and phosphorus absorption; found in eggs and sunlight exposure
Vitamin K - supports bone mineralization; obtained mainly from oily fish and fortified dairy
Vitamin A - maintains normal vision; found in liver, carrots, and leafy green vegetables
Long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can increase the risk of deficiency of which vitamin, and why?
Vitamin K - because antibiotics block its absorption from the gut
Vitamin D - because antibiotics reduce sunlight activation
Vitamin K - because antibiotics disrupt gut bacteria that synthesize it
Vitamin B12 - because antibiotics destroy dietary sources in the gut
Vitamin K - because antibiotics increase urinary excretion
Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of which vitamin, and which of the following represents its classic "4 Ds"?
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) - Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Dizziness
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) - Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Depression
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) - Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) - Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Depression
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) - Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Delayed wound healing
A 42-year-old woman, 18 months after sleeve gastrectomy, has fatigue, tingling in her hands and feet, and a smooth red tongue. Blood tests show low Vitamin B12. What is the most likely reason for her deficiency?
She eats too little meat and dairy
Her stomach makes less acid and intrin ic factor after surgery
Her kidneys are losing too much Vitamin B12
She takes too much folate
Vitamin C and iron should never be consumed together because they inhibit each other's absorption
True
False
Which of the following correctly distinguishes a major mineral from a trace mineral based on the amount required by the body?
Major minerals are needed in milligrams (mg) per day; trace minerals are needed in grams (g) per day.
Both major and trace minerals are required in grams (g) per day.
Trace minerals are only obtained from supplements, not food.
Major minerals are required in grams (g) per day; trace minerals are required in milligrams (mg) or micrograms (Hg) per day.
Major minerals are only used for enzymatic reactions, while trace minerals are structural.
Which combination of vitamin and mineral deficiencies can lead to the development of anemia?
Vitamin S, Vitamin D, and Calcium
Copper, Iron, Vitamin B12, Folate (Vitamin B), and Vitamin E
Iron, Vitamin B12, and Folate (Vitamin Bg)
Zinc, Magnesium, and Vitamin K
Vitamin A, Vitamin D, and Iodine
Which mineral assists in immune function?
Potassium
Sulfate
Zinc
Phosphorus
Iodine
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between sodium, potassium, and blood pressure regulation?
High sodium intake and low potassium intake can contribute to increased blood pressure.
High potassium intake and high sodium intake both increase blood pressure equally.
Sodium and potassium intake have no significant effect on blood pressure.
Low sodium intake increases blood pressure, while low potassium intake decreases it.
Only potassium intake affects blood pressure; sodium has no effect.
Nutrients and oxygen travel to the developing fetus via the:
Amniotic sac
Umbilical artery
Umbilical vein
Placental vili
Cervical canal
How many additional calories does a pregnant woman need during the first trimester?
340
0
200
450
150
Which of the following is NOT a reason for increased fluid needs during pregnancy
increase in mother's blood volume
regulating body temperature
production of amniotic fluid
increased thirst
prevent urinary tract infections
A deficiency in which vitamin during pregnancy can result in neural tube defects?
Folate
Vitamin D
Vitamin A
Choline
Calcium
Women who enter pregnancy with iron-deficiency anemia have a greater risk of:
Excessive weight gain
Inadequate weight gain
Preterm delivery
Gestational diabetes
High blood pressure
A physician has recommended that a pregnant mother take a daily multivitamin-mineral supplement to support nutrient intake during pregnancy. What are commonly supplemented prenatal nutrients?
vitamins A, D, and E
Magnesium, zinc, and vitamin C
Potassium, zinc, and iodine
Folate, vitamin C, and potassium
Folate, vitamin D, and iron
Which of the following is not a nutrition-related concern during pregnancy?
morning sickness
heartburn
gestational diabetes
pre-eclampsia
dementia
The warning signs of preeclampsia include:
low hematocrit, high blood glucose, and ketones in the urine.
high blood glucose, glucose in the urine, and agitation.
hypertension, edema, and protein in the urine.
high blood glucose and blood in the urine.
chest pain and numbness and tingling in the extremities.
In the first year after birth, babies typically grow__ inches in length and __their weight
8; double
5; quadruple
10; triple
6; triple
10; quadruple
Breast milk provides all of the nutrition an infant needs for the first six months of life, with the possible exception of which nutrient?
Vitamin A
Niacin
Vitamin E
Calcium
Vitamin D
Which of the following correctly describes the roles of oxytocin and prolactin in lactation?
Oxytocin stimulates milk production, while prolactin triggers milk ejection.
Oxytocin inhibits milk release, while prolactin promotes breast enlargement only.
Prolactin stimulates milk production, while oxytocin triggers milk ejection during breastfeeding.
Prolactin and oxytocin both inhibit milk secretion after childbirth.
Oxytocin and prolactin perform the same function in lactation.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics support exclusive breastfeeding until an infant is months old.
One
Three
Six
Nine
Twelve
Which of the following is not a possible benefit of breast feeding for infants?
protects against a variety of infections and illnesses
may protect against some chronic diseases later in life
protects against food allergies
supports healthy weight
conserves iron stores
The only acceptable alternative to breast milk is:
goat's milk
cow's milk
low-iron infant formula
iron-fortified infant formula
10 percent dextrose water
What best describes why cow's milk is not recommended for infants under one year of age?
It is too high in iron
It reduces the bioavailability of vitamin D
It can cause intestinal bleeding
It is too low in calcium
It has a flavor infants do not tolerate well
Which of the following is a sign that a baby is physically ready for solid foods?
they reach for solid foods on the table
they start talking or making more noises with their mouth
they continue to have the extrusion reflux
they can sit up with some back support
they start rolling over
The adolescent growth spurt:
begins earlier in girls than in boys.
affects every organ except the brain.
decreases total nutrient needs.
causes a greater weight gain in girls.
begins earlier in boys than in girls.
Which of the following correctly represents the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) for adults?
Carbohydrates 40-55%, Protein 15-45%, Fat 15-30%
Carbohydrates 45-65%, Protein 10-35%, Fat 20-35%
Carbohydrates 55-75%, Protein 5-20%, Fat 10-25%
Carbohydrates 30-50%, Protein 20-40%, Fat 35-50%
Carbohydrates 50-70%, Protein 20-40%, Fat 5-15%
What is the primary risk factor for Alzheimer's disease?
lack of fruit and vegetable intake
age
sedentary lifestyle
overweight or obesity
genetics
By what estimated percentage do adult energy needs decline per decade?
5
10
8
12
20
Sarcopenia refers to:
loss of muscle mass
a vitamin deficiency
bone loss
malnutrition associated with aging
gradual loss of memory and reasoning ability
What is the minimum amount of water an older adult should drink daily to stay hydrated?
8 glasses
6 glasses
4 glasses
12 glasses
3 glasses
