WorksheetsOral Motor Patterns and Reflexes Quiz
Total questions: 98
Worksheet time: 49mins
What is the normal movement of the jaw during oral motor patterns?
Flexion, extension, lateral excursion, diagonal, and rotary movements
Only flexion and extension
Lateral excursion and diagonal movements only
Rotary movements only
What is the phasic bite reflex?
The jaw opens and closes in response to oral stimulation with no abnormal tone
The jaw clamps shut involuntarily in response to oral stimulation
The jaw moves up and down during drinking
The jaw retracts toward the throat
At what age does jaw stabilization typically occur during drinking?
9-12 months
15-24 months
18-26 months
24-36 months
What is the characteristic of the bite reflex or tonic bite reflex?
The jaw opens and closes in response to oral stimulation
The jaw clamps shut involuntarily when an object is placed in the mouth
The jaw moves up and down during drinking
The jaw retracts toward the throat
What is jaw clenching associated with?
Normal oral motor patterns
Overall flexor patterns or self-stimulation
Tongue lateralization
Jaw stabilization
What is tongue elevation?
Tongue tips move to either side of the mouth to get food positioned
Tongue is able to move up to the roof of the mouth independent of jaw or lip movement
Tongue is able to extend past both lips
Tongue is pulled back toward the throat
At what age does tongue tip elevation typically begin to develop?
6-9 months
9-12 months
12-18 months
18-24 months
What is tongue lateralization?
Tongue tips move to either side of the mouth to get food positioned
Tongue is able to move up to the roof of the mouth
Tongue is able to extend past both lips
Tongue is pulled back toward the throat
What is tongue thrust characterized by?
The tongue remains inside the mouth longer than a few seconds.
The tongue is often thick and bunched during the thrust.
The tongue tip is forward and even with the gums.
The tongue retracts toward the middle of the hard palate.
What can severe tongue retraction lead to?
Improved swallowing ability.
Increased respiratory distress.
Enhanced tongue elevation.
Normal tongue movement.
What is a possible cause of lack of lip closure?
Hypertonicity, where the lips are pulled into a thin, compressed line.
The lips open and close smoothly and easily.
The lips remain closed at rest.
The lips move in response to stimulation.
At what age does munching typically develop?
Around 3 months.
Around 5 months.
Around 7 months.
Around 9 months.
What is the primary function of forming a bolus during chewing?
To spread the tongue for swallowing.
To assist in swallowing all of the food at the same time.
To elevate the tongue tip.
To pulverize solid pieces of food.
What is the rhythmic action involved in suckling?
Flattening and spreading of the tongue.
Rhythmic licking action of the tongue combined with jaw opening and closing.
Using the teeth and/or tongue to break up food.
Tongue lateralization and tip elevation.
What does tongue lateralization involve?
Flattening and spreading of the tongue.
Using the tongue to move food between the teeth.
Elevating the tongue tip.
Retracting the tongue toward the hard palate.
What is the primary difference between nutritive sucking and nonnutritive sucking in infants?
Nutritive sucking involves receiving nutrition, while nonnutritive sucking does not.
Nonnutritive sucking involves receiving nutrition, while nutritive sucking does not.
Nutritive sucking involves sucking on a pacifier, while nonnutritive sucking involves receiving nutrition.
Nonnutritive sucking involves sucking on a bottle, while nutritive sucking involves sucking on a pacifier.
At what age does sucking with tongue-tip elevation and negative pressure typically develop in infants?
Between 0 and 3 months
Between 3 and 6 months
Between 6 and 9 months
Between 9 and 12 months
What reflexive movement persists in individuals with abnormal oral motor skills, preventing normal drinking and swallowing?
Nutritive sucking
Suck-swallow reflex
Weak sucking
Inefficient sucking
Which condition is characterized by a lack of rhythm in sucking and excessive up-and-down movements?
Weak sucking
Inefficient sucking
Poor action of intrinsic muscles
Suck-swallow reflex persists
What is the recommended treatment for sucking issues involving the use of thicker liquids?
Use thinner liquids intermittently for sucking instruction.
Encourage sucking from a cup by tipping liquid just to the lower lip.
Use thicker liquids intermittently for sucking instruction.
Avoid using any liquids for sucking instruction.
What is the role of intrinsic muscles of the tongue during sucking?
To create a bowl-shaped configuration for efficient movement of liquid or food.
To flatten the tongue and prevent sucking.
To increase the speed of sucking rhythm.
To reduce the amount of liquid intake.
What is the correct procedure for controlling the flow and placement of food during feeding?
Pour food directly into the mouth.
Begin feeding slowly and improve speed as the person gains control of food in the mouth.
Use inappropriate equipment and food consistency.
Put too much food on the spoon and in the mouth.
What does frequent gagging indicate in terms of swallowing difficulties?
Normal swallowing reflex.
Abnormal hypersensitivity of the gag or swallowing difficulties.
Proper coordination of breathing and swallowing.
Efficient movement of food into the pharynx.
What is the treatment for hyperactive gag reflex?
Avoid stimulating the tongue.
Use a tongue depressor constructed of non-splintering material or toothbrush handle.
Brush the uvula lightly without eliciting a gag.
Apply pressure to the back of the tongue only.
What is the characteristic of a hypoactive gag reflex?
The gag reflex is overly sensitive and easily triggered.
The gag reflex is desensitized and cannot be elicited on the main portion of the tongue.
The gag reflex is normal and protective.
The gag reflex is triggered by light touch.
What is a common characteristic of very slow swallowing?
Food is efficiently moved into the pharynx for swallowing.
Food may pool or be stored in the front or back of the mouth.
The child swallows liquid actively using muscle action.
The gag reflex is overly sensitive.
What is a key feature of passive or inactive swallowing?
The child actively swallows liquid using muscle action.
The head is often extended, and the child is frequently 'bird-fed.'
The gag reflex is overly sensitive.
Food is efficiently moved into the pharynx for swallowing.
What is nasal regurgitation?
Loss of liquid or food through the nose during sucking and swallowing
Difficulty in chewing due to lack of jaw movement
Regurgitation of food from the stomach back into the mouth
Eating inedibles
Which of the following is a characteristic of lack of chewing skills?
Jaw thrust and bite reflex issues
Regurgitation of food from the stomach back into the mouth
Eating inedibles
Loss of liquid or food through the nose during swallowing
What does "rumination" refer to in the context of feeding issues?
Eating inedibles
Regurgitation of food from the stomach back into the mouth
Loss of liquid or food through the nose during swallowing
Difficulty in chewing due to lack of jaw movement
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for oral feeding?
Respiratory distress
Controlled seizure activity
Frequent vomiting around feeding or active reflux
Depressed respiratory and heart rates during feeding
Which tube method involves insertion through the abdomen directly into the stomach?
NG Tube
PEG Tube
NJ Tube
OG Tube
What is "pica"?
Eating inedibles
Regurgitation of food from the stomach back into the mouth
Loss of liquid or food through the nose during swallowing
Difficulty in chewing due to lack of jaw movement
Which of the following is a component of general nutrition?
Formula
Regurgitation
Jaw thrust
PEG Tube
Which of the following is a criterion for considering tube feeding a child that has been an oral feeder?
Weight/height ratio less than 5th percentile
Weight/height ratio greater than 95th percentile
Total feeding time less than 2 hours per day
No weight gain for 1 week
What is a symptom that requires thorough evaluation for potential aspiration during feeding?
Choking on the second or third bite and continuing throughout the meal
Increased appetite during feeding
Reduced swallowing reflex during feeding
Increased thirst after feeding
Which of the following is a complication of tube feeding?
Nausea/vomiting and diarrhea
Increased appetite
Weight gain
Improved digestion
What does "pureed" diet consistency mean?
No texture, very smooth
Food cut into small pieces
Course texture, all food is put through a grinder
Food does not need to be cut up
Which sensory aspect of food is related to its physical feel?
Taste
Temperature
Texture
Smell
What is a characteristic of "regular" diet consistency?
Food does not need to be cut up, implies that person can cut own food
Food is put through a grinder
Food is cut into small (1/2 inch) pieces
Food is blended into a smooth texture
Which of the following is a symptom of Tube Feeding Syndrome?
Dehydration and excess of urea in the blood
Increased appetite and weight gain
Improved digestion and reduced thirst
Reduced sodium levels and increased energy
What is a potential issue caused by bleeding around the stoma during tube feeding?
Irritation from movement
Increased appetite
Reduced digestion
Improved feeding efficiency
At what age does a child typically bring their hands to their mouth when prone or supine?
3 months
2 months
4 months
5 months
Which skill is typically developed by a child at 4½ months?
Pats bottle or breast with hand(s)
Holds onto bottle with both hands with assistance
Brings hands to mouth when holding an object
Gums hard foods such as zwieback crackers
At what age does a child begin to imitate stirring with a spoon?
9½ months
12 months
7 months
15 months
What skill is typically developed by a child at 24 months?
Drinks from cup; able to give up bottle
Brings spoon or fork to mouth while supinating
Uses fork to stab food
Feeds self with few spills
At what age can a child pour liquids from small containers (1 quart size)?
30 months
24 months
31-32 months
20-22 months
Which skill is typically developed by a child at 4 years?
Makes sandwich
Fixes dry cereal and snacks
Cooks simple meal
Uses fork to stab food
At what age does a child typically start cooking simple meals?
4 years
5 years
7-9 years
3 years
What skill is typically developed by a child at 15-18 months?
Scoops food and brings to mouth with some spilling
Drinks from cup; able to give up bottle
Holds small cup in one hand to drink
Brings full spoon to mouth but turns spoon over, losing food
At what age does a child typically use a fork to stab food?
24 months
30-36 months
20-22 months
15-18 months
Which skill is typically developed by a child at 5 years?
Fixes dry cereal and snacks
Makes sandwich
Cooks simple meal
Uses fork to stab food
Which of the following is a characteristic of a child with spasticity in oral motor problems?
Facial grimacing
Lips are tense with reduced mobility in the upper lip
Mouth breathing
Tongue is clumsy in moving vertically and laterally
What is emphasized in the treatment of oral motor problems for a child with spasticity?
Facilitation of graded jaw movement
Chewing for jaw control and dissociation of tongue
Improve trunk control for respiration/phonation
Soft food is sucked with tongue in forward position
Which of the following is a characteristic of a child with athetosis in oral motor problems?
Poor dissociation of tongue/jaw during walking
Lips are floppy and tongue is clumsy
Swallowing occurs without mouth closure
Drooling is frequently present
What is one of the treatments for oral motor problems in a child with athetosis?
Improve oral-motor facial tone for feeding and speech
Facilitation of graded jaw movement for stability of lips and tongue during feeding
Lip closure for spoon feeding, swallowing, and speech
Chewing for jaw control and dissociation of tongue
Which of the following is a characteristic of a child with floppy tone in oral motor problems?
Facial grimacing
Mouth breathing
Tongue movements vertically and laterally are often not possible
Velum is tense
What is emphasized in the treatment of oral motor problems for a child with floppy tone?
Facilitation of more rhythmical respiration for sustained phonation and speech
Improve trunk control for respiration/phonation
Lip closure for spoon feeding, swallowing, and speech
Facilitation of graded jaw movement
Which of the following is an example of a blowing exercise?
Blow a Kleenex across the table
Pucker the lips
Stretch neck up with chin as high as possible
Chew gum for 5 minutes
What is the correct way to perform lip exercises with ice around lips and drying with a towel?
Bite lips between teeth then grin broadly
Pucker lips - twist to left and then to right
Smile broadly and then pucker lips
Push tongue into cheeks
Which of the following is a jaw and neck exercise?
Open and close jaw slowly
Push tongue up against spoon handle
Blow out a match
Chew gum for 5 minutes
What is the purpose of Beckman’s Pressure to the Tongue Base?
To assist with swallowing
To improve jaw flexibility
To strengthen neck muscles
To enhance lip puckering
Which exercise involves licking the upper lip, lower lip, and corners of the mouth?
Tongue exercises
Sucking exercises
Lip exercises
Jaw exercises
What is the correct way to perform the chewing and swallowing exercise?
Chew gum for 5 minutes
Blow a small whistle
Stretch neck up with chin as high as possible
Push tongue into cheeks
Which of the following is NOT part of Beckman’s Pressure to the Tongue Base?
Place open hand with forefinger against the bottom of the chin
Press up in light, rapid strokes so the chin “jiggles”
Push tongue up against spoon handle
Move the hand from side to side, maintaining upward pressure
What is the recommended posture for a child during passive swallowing treatment?
Sitting upright with head tilted slightly forward
Slightly flexed posture as tilting head will passively assist swallowing
Lying flat on their back
Standing upright with head tilted backward
Where should food be placed to assist swallowing in passive swallowing treatment?
Between the upper and lower back teeth
Between the cheek and gums
On the tongue directly
At the roof of the mouth
What should be done if a child allows food to accumulate and sit in the mouth during swallowing treatment?
Use a spoon to remove the food
Use thumb pad to press firmly up under the chin at the base of the tongue
Tilt the child’s head backward
Encourage the child to spit the food out
What is the correct technique for applying Beckman’s lateral pressure to the tongue?
Place the brush at the side of the tongue and move it back and forth quickly
Place the brush at the side of the middle of the tongue at the level of the first molar and press firmly into the middle of the mouth
Place the brush at the tip of the tongue and press gently
Place the brush at the back of the tongue and move it side to side
What is the recommended count for holding the brush during Beckman’s lateral pressure to the tongue?
2
3
5
7
What activity is described as the “law of opposites” in tongue exercises?
Quick stretch
Slow stretch
Tongue depressor movement
Tongue resistance exercise
What should the tongue attempt to push against during Beckman’s exercises?
Spoon
Brush
Cheek
Teeth
What is the correct technique for applying pressure to the gum ridge behind the upper teeth?
Place the brush pointing to the hard palate behind the front teeth and move slowly side to side
Place the brush pointing to the lower teeth and move quickly side to side
Place the brush pointing to the cheek and move in circular motions
Place the brush pointing to the tongue and press firmly
What is the correct technique for applying pressure to the gum ridge behind the lower teeth?
Place the brush pointing down to behind the lower teeth and move slowly side to side
Place the brush pointing up to behind the upper teeth and move quickly side to side
Place the brush pointing to the cheek and press firmly
Place the brush pointing to the tongue and move in circular motions
What is the correct procedure for Beckman’s Palatal and Tongue Sweep?
Move the brush across the middle of the hard palate with firm pressure from left to right molars, then reverse direction and repeat 3 times.
Use the brush to press down on the middle of the tongue and repeat up/down movement 3 times.
Place food between the cheek and gums to encourage tongue movement.
Use the spoon to gently push the tongue tip further back into the mouth.
What is the purpose of using sticky food (e.g., peanut butter) in tongue elevation treatment?
To encourage the tongue to move forward passively.
To provide verbal directions for removing the substance.
To place peanut butter on the roof of the mouth to encourage tongue elevation.
To assist in lip control exercises.
Which tool is recommended for Beckman’s Stimulation to the Middle of Tongue?
Spoon or toothbrush.
NUK brush with bristles pointed toward the palate.
Sticky food like peanut butter.
Finger placed on the mandible.
What is the “law of opposites” in tongue thrust treatment?
Using firm pressure to push the tongue tip further back into the mouth.
Stroking the tongue along either side or in the midline to flex the tongue back into the mouth.
Placing food between the cheek and gums to encourage tongue movement.
Using verbal directions to remove food from the roof of the mouth.
What is the correct procedure for Beckman’s Upper Lip Stretch?
Place thumb and forefinger at the top of smile lines and press firmly, moving fingers down to just above the upper lip.
Use the spoon to gently push the tongue tip further back into the mouth.
Place food between the cheek and gums to encourage tongue movement.
Use the brush to press down on the middle of the tongue.
What is the recommended action if physical assistance is necessary during tongue elevation treatment?
Use the spoon to gently push the tongue tip further back into the mouth.
Use the tongue depressor to give needed assistance.
Place food between the cheek and gums to encourage tongue movement.
Use the “law of opposites” to flex the tongue back into the mouth.
During feeding, how should the spoon be placed to assist in tongue thrust treatment?
Place the spoon on the middle or toward the front of the tongue with gentle, firm pressure for a few seconds.
Place the spoon at the back of the tongue and press firmly.
Use the spoon to gently push the tongue tip further back into the mouth.
Place food between the cheek and gums to encourage tongue movement.
What is the correct procedure for Beckman’s Side to Side Upper Lip Stretch?
Place forefinger against upper lip, pressing down and in, then move lip slowly and firmly from side to side
Place thumb and forefinger beneath center of the bottom lip, then move fingers apart so lip stretches out
Align first knuckles of both forefingers at corner of mouth, then press in and move in opposite directions
Place finger on lip, thumb of same hand under the lip, then roll thumb back and finger forward in horizontal direction
Which lip stretch involves aligning the first knuckles of both forefingers at the corner of the mouth?
Beckman’s Side to Side Lower Lip Stretch
Beckman’s Corner Lip Stretch
Beckman’s Lip Curl and Stretch
Beckman’s Resistive Lip Stretch
What is the difference between Beckman’s Lip Curl and Stretch and Beckman’s Lip Fold and Stretch?
Lip Curl and Stretch focuses on stretching the lips, while Lip Fold and Stretch focuses on stretching the muscles around the mouth
Lip Curl and Stretch uses a toothbrush, while Lip Fold and Stretch uses fingers
Lip Curl and Stretch involves rolling the thumb, while Lip Fold and Stretch involves lifting the inner edges of the upper lip
Lip Curl and Stretch is performed on the lower lip only, while Lip Fold and Stretch is performed on the upper lip only
What tool is used in Beckman’s Resistive Lip Stretch?
Forefinger and thumb
NUK toothbrush #2
Lip roller
Knuckles
Which lip stretch involves sliding both fingers forward 1/4 inch and repeating steps?
Beckman’s Lip Curl and Stretch
Beckman’s Horizontal Lip Roll
Beckman’s Side to Side Lower Lip Stretch
Beckman’s Corner Lip Stretch
What is the correct procedure for Beckman’s Lip Fold and Stretch?
Place finger on lip and thumb under lip, then pull lip out and curl it up over finger
With forefinger, lift the inner edges of the upper lip out and up, then firmly press the folded lip in and down, hold 1 second
Place forefinger against lower lip, pressing in and up, then move lip slowly and firmly side to side
Place thumb and forefinger beneath center of the bottom lip, then move fingers apart so lip stretches out
What is the purpose of vibrating the lips during the 'Lip Closure' exercise?
To encourage lip closure
To stretch the lower cheek muscles
To relax the jaw
To improve gum health
In Beckman’s Lower Cheek Stretch, where should you begin the stretch?
At the lower corner of the lip
At the upper corner of the mouth
At the base of the nose
At the center of the chin
What is the intent of Beckman’s Lower Cheek Stretch?
To stretch the lower cheek muscles
To relax the jaw
To improve lip closure
To massage the gums
In Beckman’s Mini 'C' Stretch, how many times should the stretch be performed on each side of the face?
2 times
3 times
4 times
5 times
What is the correct technique for Beckman’s Upper-Cheek Stretch?
Press firmly at both sides of the base of the nose and move fingers in small circular directions
Begin at the upper corner of the mouth and move fingers toward the chin
Place vibrator on lips to encourage closure
Hold for a count of 3 and repeat 3 times
What is the purpose of Beckman’s Gum Massage?
To relax tonic bite
To stretch cheek muscles
To encourage lip closure
To improve tongue movement
What is the correct procedure for moving a finger across the lower jaw during oral motor exercises?
Move the finger to the upper molar and back to the starting point.
Move the finger across the center of the lower jaw to the opposite side of the mouth to the last molar.
Move the finger to the gums behind the last lower molar.
Move the finger across the upper jaw to the opposite side of the mouth.
Which utensil is recommended for Tonic Bite Reflex Treatment?
Large metal spoon.
Small plastic covered metal baby spoon or Mothercare spoon.
Wooden spoon.
Any available utensil.
What should be avoided during Tonic Bite Reflex Treatment to prevent worsening the bite reflex?
Pressing on the utensil firmly.
Pulling on the utensil.
Stroking down the smile lines.
Massaging the gums from front to back.
What is the purpose of using a chew-bag in Resistive Chewing exercises?
To stimulate the bite reflex.
To prevent gagging by holding the chew bag at right angles to the jaw.
To massage the gums.
To open the mouth quickly.
What is the recommended rate for pressing up into the upper molar during Resistive Chewing exercises?
One press every two seconds.
One press per second.
Two presses per second.
Five presses per second.
