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Worksheets8th Social Studies Review
Total questions: 141
Worksheet time: 2hrs 35mins
Define the Gilded Age.
A time of superficial glitter of new wealth
A period of widespread poverty and agrarian collapse
An era dominated by foreign wars and imperial conquest
A time of scientific revolution and space exploration
Who coined the name "The Gilded Age" and in what year from his book The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today?
Mark Twain in 1873
Upton Sinclair in 1906
Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893
Andrew Carnegie in 1889
Which characteristics describe the Gilded Age period noted on the worksheet? Select all that apply.
New wealth
Corruption
Rapid growth
Isolation from global trade
Universal voting rights
What was true of presidents during the Gilded Age, according to the worksheet?
None served two consecutive terms
Most were military dictators
All were third-party candidates
They all expanded the Supreme Court
During the Gilded Age, what did the two major political parties do regarding the problems emerging from the rapid growth of cities and industry?
Ignored the problems
Solved the problems through bipartisan reform
Banned immigration to stop urban growth
Nationalized all industries
In the election politics of the Gilded Age, who were the two Republican factions that fought constantly?
Stalwarts and Half-Breeds
Progressives and Populists
Federalists and Anti-Federalists
Know-Nothings and Free-Soilers
What did the Stalwarts do with the Civil Service according to the worksheet?
Controlled government jobs and used them for spoils
Eliminated political machines
Supported merit-based exams
Advocated campaign finance limits
What did the Half-Breeds say they wanted and what did they really seek?
They talked about reform but really wanted to have the spoils for themselves
They demanded higher tariffs but secretly opposed protectionism
They favored isolationism but pursued imperial expansion
They promoted gold currency but quietly backed silver
Identify the leader described in the speech bubble: "As a Half-Breed, I oppose the spoils system and I want civil service reform." Who is this?
Senator Blaine, leader of the Half-Breeds
Roscoe Conkling, leader of the Stalwarts
James Garfield
Chester Arthur
Who won the election of 1880?
James Garfield
Winfield Hancock
Chester Arthur
Roscoe Conkling
What happened almost immediately after James Garfield became President in 1881?
About 100,000 Republicans asked Garfield for jobs in the Civil Service
Congress passed the Pendleton Act
Garfield resigned from office
The Supreme Court invalidated civil service exams
Who assassinated President James Garfield on September 19, 1881?
Charles Guiteau
Leon Czolgosz
John Wilkes Booth
Henry Clay
During Chester Arthur’s presidency (1881–1885), which reform law did he urge Congress to pass?
The Pendleton Act
The Homestead Act
The Sherman Silver Purchase Act
The Interstate Commerce Act
Which provisions are identified as parts of the Pendleton Act? Select all that apply.
Created exams for Civil Service jobs
Prevented government workers from being forced to kick back part of their salary to a political party
Prevented the President from hiring or firing Civil Service workers
Abolished all political parties
Required states to set their own civil service rules
The Republicans did not choose the incumbent ____ as their presidential candidate.
Chester Arthur
James Blaine
Grover Cleveland
Benjamin Harrison
Cleveland won thanks to the ____ (Republicans who voted Democrat).
mugwumps
stalwarts
carpetbaggers
progressives
According to the quote about corruption, what defined an "honest politician"?
Someone who refused all bribes
Someone who, when bought, stayed bought
Someone who always told the truth regardless of cost
Someone who donated all earnings to charity
What portion of building funds was diverted into Boss Tweed’s pocket?
35%
50%
65%
80%
Who was Thomas Nast in relation to Boss Tweed?
A city engineer who designed tenements
A political cartoonist who helped bring down Boss Tweed through his cartoons
A police commissioner who arrested Tweed
A judge who presided over Tweed’s trial
Urban life was described as exciting and modern during this time period. What were some innovations that occurred?
Electric streetcars, skyscrapers, subways
Horse-drawn carriages, wooden bridges, canals
Rural roads, windmills, barns
Interstate highways, airplanes, satellites
Which problem is associated with dumbbell tenements?
Ample green space for families
Private bathrooms for each apartment
Poor ventilation and shared bathrooms that helped diseases like cholera and typhus spread quickly
Strict fireproof construction standards
Which major disaster is noted for the year 1871?
San Francisco earthquake
Chicago fire
Galveston hurricane
Johnstown flood
A law passed in New York City in 1879 required which of the following in tenement apartments?
Indoor plumbing in every unit
Each bedroom to have a window
Fire escapes on every floor
Private kitchens for each family
Which statements describe most tenements? Select all that apply.
No indoor plumbing
Many were poorly built
Extremely vulnerable to fire
Strict building codes ensured safety
Push factors are reasons people leave their native country. Which list matches examples provided?
Better economy, jobs, peace
Famine, unemployment, religion, war
Warm climate, mountain scenery, beaches
Low taxes, free college, universal healthcare
Pull factors are reasons people are attracted to another country. Which list matches examples provided?
Famine and civil war
Religious persecution and drought
Things like a better economy, jobs, peace
Mandatory military service and high rent
Between 1850 and 1870, approximately how many immigrants arrived from the British Isles and Western Europe?
1 million
4 million
5 million
8 million
Around 1880, which regions supplied about 5 million immigrants to the United States?
Northern Africa and the Middle East
Southern and Eastern Europe, including Italians, Greeks, Polish, Slovaks, Croats, and Jews
East Asia and Oceania
Scandinavia and the Baltic states only
Which statement about New York City’s demographics in this period is highlighted?
NYC had fewer Irish than Dublin, Ireland
NYC had more Irish than Dublin, Ireland
NYC had fewer Jews than any major city
NYC had the world’s largest German population
Which group also moved to the cities during this era, alongside immigrants?
Farmers from Canada
African Americans
Retired military officers
American diplomats
Rapid urban growth meant cities could not adequately care for immigrants. What consequence does the worksheet note?
Increased federal welfare programs
Political machines like Tammany Hall could take over and get rich
Complete elimination of corruption
Decline in urban populations
Between 1892 and 1954, approximately 12 million immigrants entered the United States through which gateway in Upper New York Bay?
Angel Island
Ellis Island
Castle Garden
Liberty Island
At the peak between 1905 and 1914, about how many immigrants entered through Ellis Island each year on average?
100,000
500,000
1 million
2 million
Between 1910 and 1940, immigrants arriving on the U.S. West Coast were processed mainly at which facility outside San Francisco?
Ellis Island
Angel Island
Alcatraz
Pier 39
In 1889, who founded Hull House in Chicago, and what profession did this work help establish?
Florence Kelley; nursing
Jane Addams; social work
Lillian Wald; teaching
Dorothea Dix; occupational therapy
Which jobs are noted for many immigrant men during this period? Select all that apply.
Factories
Building canals
Railroads
Bank management
Which jobs are noted for many immigrant women during this period? Select all that apply.
Factories
Domestic servants
Work at home
Military service
Nativism is identified as which kind of movement?
By native-born American citizens against immigrants
By recent immigrants opposing labor unions
By political machines against reformers
By rural communities against urbanization
Which fear is listed as a cause of nativism?
Fear of higher taxes
Fear of being outbred and out voted
Fear of drought
Fear of foreign cuisine
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 had which effect on immigration?
Encouraged Chinese immigration to fill labor shortages
Ended Chinese immigration for almost 100 years
Established bilingual schools for Chinese children
Granted automatic citizenship to Chinese immigrants
The South lagged behind in public education.
behind
ahead
equal to the North
unaffected by education policy
Booker T. Washington—taught useful trades so that blacks could gain self-respect and economic equality (social equality would eventually follow economic equality).
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. DuBois
Frederick Douglass
Ida B. Wells
George Washington Carver—discovered hundreds of uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, and soybeans, which helped Southern agriculture.
George Washington Carver
Garrett Morgan
Lewis Latimer
Benjamin Banneker
Newspapers increased circulation and competition due to increased education/literacy.
increased education/literacy
declining urban populations
stricter censorship
lack of advertising
Sensationalism became known as yellow journalism because of a cartoon called the "Yellow Kid."
yellow journalism
muckraking
gonzo journalism
photojournalism
Joseph Pulitzer—Owner of the New York World (first newspaper to exceed one million in circulation, used color, and the Yellow Kid).
Joseph Pulitzer
William Randolph Hearst
Edward R. Murrow
Horace Greeley
Recreation activities included circus, baseball, basketball, football, boxing, bicycles (new clothing styles, offered freedom), and roller skating.
circus
baseball
telegraphy
roller skating
POPULISM — Period of deflation after the Civil War ______.
helped the farmers
hurt the farmers
ended Reconstruction
expanded international trade
POPULISM — Deflation is good for the ______ because they can ______.
producers; raise prices
consumers; buy more with their money
bankers; collect higher interest
workers; demand higher wages
POPULISM — Deflation meant that a farmer's goods weren't ______. Their loans still had to be repaid, but with money that ______.
worth as much; was worth more than when they had taken out the loan
selling abroad; was backed by silver
taxed; was easier to obtain
profitable; had no interest
FARMER ALLIANCES — Soon realized that the only way to accomplish what the farmers wanted was to ______.
create a political party
seek help from monopolies
abandon silver coinage
reduce voter turnout
POPULIST PARTY PLATFORM — Create ______.
inflation by printing more paper money or coining silver
a national sales tax
a gold-only currency
a standing army
POPULIST PARTY PLATFORM — ______ (tax the rich more than the poor).
flat income tax
graduated income tax
sales tax
export tax
POPULIST PARTY PLATFORM — Government should own and operate ______.
the railroads, telephone, and telegraph
private banks
factories
all farms
POPULIST PARTY PLATFORM — 8 hour ______.
work day
school day
voting window
banking day
CLEVELAND'S 2ND TERM (1893–1897) — ______ helped the Populist cause.
Spanish–American War
Depression of 1893
Homestead Act
Sherman Antitrust Act
After the election of 1896, US money would only be based on ______.
gold standard; gold
bimetallism; silver
free trade; exports
national bank; paper
In 1890, which organization was created to advance women’s voting rights?
National American Women’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
Anti‑Saloon League
American Federation of Labor
What did the Supreme Court decide regarding women and voting when suffragists tested the 14th Amendment?
Women were citizens, but states could keep them from voting
Women were not citizens and could not vote
The federal government must grant women the vote nationwide
Women could vote only in federal elections
Which phrase reflects a common reason given against women voting?
“Not a woman’s place”
“Taxation without representation”
“Equal work, equal pay”
“Liberty and union”
Factory owners feared women voters would support which reforms?
Shorter hours and better working conditions
Higher tariffs and more exports
Military conscription and larger armies
Elimination of labor unions
The liquor industry feared women voters would promote which movement?
Temperance
Isolationism
Free silver
Child labor
Which organization, formed in 1893, used the slogan “the lips that touch liquor will never touch mine”?
Anti‑Saloon League
Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Knights of Labor
Populist Party
All of the following was part of the "Anaconda Plan" EXCEPT:
Block all southern ports to cut off shipping
Divide the north into sections
Control the Mississippi River
Capture the Confederate capital, Richmond
What was the purpose of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
to admit Kansas as a free state and Nebraska as a slave state
to allow the citizens to decide if a state would be a free state or a slave state
to allow border ruffians to vote in Kansas elections to promote slavery
to negotiate a deal for territory with Native Americans in Oklahoma
What is the main effect of Eli Whitney's cotton gin?
It reduced global demand for cotton and le US farmers to grow other crops
It made it possible to produce clothing by machine and led to the building of textile factories throughout the southern US
It allowed people to grow cotton in the western territories
It allowed cotton to be processed more quickly and profitably and led to the expansion of slavery in the southern US
What was the official name of the south during the Civil War?
Confederate States of America
Rebel States of America
Southern States of America
Confederate States of the South
What battle was the single, bloodiest day in the Civil War?
Bull Run
Antietam
Gettysburg
Manassas
This 1857 ruling declared slaves are property and not citizens therefore they had no rights.
Which statement below is the best description of the South in the aftermath of the Civil War?
Plantation owners were arrested and charged with crimes associated with owning slaves
Plantation owners lost everything because of the destruction caused by the Civil War
Under northern control plantations recovered and thrived in their economy.
Plantations were closed, owners kept half of their farms and the other half was given to slaves and indentured servants.
Disadvantages of the South during the Civil War included having a small navy, fewer railroads, and ______________.
Lack of agricultural land
larger population
Inexperienced military leaders
Lack of industries
What was the purpose of General William T. Sherman's "March to the Sea"?
to free all remaining slaves held by Southern plantation owners
to punish the South for daring to secede from the Union
to weaken Southern morale and bring an end to the war
to allow his hungry and tired troops to acquire necessary supplies
Which of the following were causes of the Civil War?
Debate over Slavery
Election of Abraham Lincoln
Different lifestyles in the north and south
All of the above
Arkansas was a:
slave state
free state
border state
None of the above
After the Civil War, Congress passed a series of amendments called the Reconstruction Amendments. The (a) amendment stated slavery was illegal.
13th
14th
15th
12th
Which amendment to the US Constitution granted full citizenship to all people born in the United States?
(a)
Which amendment to the US Constitution prohibited the state and federal governments from denying the right to vote to any male citizen because of "race?"
(a)
12th
13th
14th
15th
Which of the following best describes the impact of the cotton gin on the South?
It decreased the demand for slave labor
It made cotton cleaning more labor-intensive
It increased the efficiency of cotton production and revitalized slavery
It led to the decline of the cotton industry
Which term was used to refer to the wealthy landowners who held the majority of slaves?
Planters
Slavers
Aristocrats
Magnates
(a) and immigrants would move into cities during the Gilded Age. (b) would NOT move to the cities because the (c) were the only thing they've known and they had no (d) . The US was becoming more (e) based because of new farming technology.
What is best described as "survival of the fittest"?
Sherman antitrust act
monopolies
horizontal integration
social Darwinism
putting the interests of a region/state above the country as a whole
nationalism
sectionalism
patriotism
pacifism
What year was the Missouri Compromise?
1820
1825
1850
1860
The Fugitive Slave Law was passed under which law?
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Tariff of 1828
loyalty to one part of the country
sectionalism
state's rights
abolitionism
draft
What is the Second Industrial Revolution?
A period of rapid growth in U.S manufacturing in the late 1800's
A period of slow growth in U.S manufacturing in the late 1800's
A recession
A period of rapid growth in European manufacturing in the late 1900's
What is the Bessemer Process?
A cheap and efficient process for making steel, developed around 1850
a critical source of light and power
ownership of businesses involved in each step of a manufacturing process.
A way to convert crude or unprocessed oil into a fuel called kerosene.
What did Henry Ford do for the car industry?
He became the richest man in America.
He patented the telephone in March 1876.
He created the first automobile.
He used the assembly line in the production of automobiles and it led directly to a decrease in the cost of automobiles.
What is the Sherman Anti Trust Act?
a law that made it illegal to create monopolies or trust that restrained trade
a legal arrangement grouping together a number of companies under a single board of directors
businesses that sell portions of ownership called stock shares
Social darwinism
What is horizontal integration?
owning all businesses in a certain field
ownership of businesses involved in each step of a manufacturing process
total ownership of a product or service
A view of society based on scientist Charles Darwin's Theory of natural selection.
What is a trust?
social darwinism
total ownership of a product or service
businesses that sell portions of ownership called stock shares.
A group of corporations run by a single board of directors
What is vertical integration?
owning all businesses in a certain field
ownership of businesses involved in each step of a manufacturing process
total ownership of a product or service
a trust
What is a monopoly?
owning all businesses in a certain field
total ownership of a product or service
ownership of businesses involved in each step of the manufacturing process.
exclusive rights to make or sell inventions
Match the Robber Baron to the industry they dominated.
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Railroads and Shipping
Andrew Carnegie
Steelrobber baron
John D. Rockefeller
Oil
J.P. Morgan
Banking
Madam C.J. Walker
Makeup and Haircare products
A term used frequently in the 19th century during America's Gilded Age to describe successful industrialists whose business practices were often considered ruthless or unethical.
Industrial
Robber Baron
Political Machine
Political Boss
Click the urban image
Click the rural image
What is industrialization?
Countries changing from agriculture to industry
A point in time when humans began to live in factories
A historical term about tools used through human history
A cool name
This invention of the (a) allowed businesses to stay open later at night, increase production, and improve safety.
Tenements were...
multifamily apartments with poor conditions.
luxury, top floor, penthouse apartments.
factories that children worked in.
government buildings run by political bosses.
One of the reasons businesses boomed during this time period is because...
War was going on in Europe and the U.S. was selling weapons
The government had increased regulations on businesses
There was a large immigrant work force coming into America
Match the following definitions.
Urban
Large populated cities
Rural
Out in the country, small towns
Agriculture
The science of farming
Industry
Manufacturing goods in factories
An arrangement of machines, equipment, and workers in which work passes from operation to operation in direct line until the product is assembled,
Assembly Line
Mass Production
Hard Work
Labor Unions
What was a common way for slaves to rebel
they slowed their work and broke things
they tried to murder their owners
they tried to run away
they tried to fight their masters physically
Common food among soldiers at camp were which of the following?
Hard tack
Steak
Beans
Fruit
During the Civil War, Southern women
were forced to do work they had never done before.
opposed the draft during a major riot in 1863.
formed a new proslavery party to oppose the war.
urged state governors to rejoin the Union.
Which side had an advantage in transportation?
Union
Confederacy
Neither
Missouri was a:
slave state
free state
border state
None of the above
California was a:
slave state
free state
border state
None of the above
Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired?
Nowhere, the Civil War never happened
Fort Oklahoma
Fort Sumter, North Carolina
Fort Sumter, South Carolina
The system that helped slaves escape was called
Overland Railroad
Union Railroad
Underground Railroad
None of these
Tennessee was th site of what famous battle
Bull Run
Pea Ridge
New Orleans
Shiloh
North Carolina and Mississippi were
Union State
Confederate
States
Border States
None of these
The Battle of Gettysburg took place in what state?
Tennessee
Maryland
Pennsylvania
New York
The battle of Antietam took place in
Georgia
Illinois
Virginia
Maryland
