WorksheetsVitamins, Minerals, Water Pre-PAC
Total questions: 41
Worksheet time: 21mins
Which list includes only fat-soluble vitamins?
C, biotin, pantothenic acid
Niacin, folic acid, B-12
B-1, B-2, C, biotin
A, D, E, K
Water-soluble vitamins are characterized by which feature?
Provide only night vision and blood clotting
Stored in body fat and risk toxicity with excess
Dissolve in water and require regular replenishment
Never excreted in urine or feces
Match each vitamin trait to the correct category.
Stored in body fat
Fat-soluble vitamins
Dissolve and circulate in water
Water-soluble vitamins
Higher risk of toxicity when excessive
Fat-soluble vitamins
Excreted readily in urine
Water-soluble vitamins
Which functions are associated with vitamin B-1 (thiamine)?
Releasing energy from carbohydrates
Supporting night vision
Helping normal nerve function
Forming blood clots in injuries
Which condition may result from low vitamin B-1 levels?
Improved night vision acuity
Excessive blood clot formation
Calcium loss from bones
Anemia with reduced red blood cells
Which function is primarily associated with vitamin B-2 (riboflavin)?
Forming DNA and replicating cells
Metabolizing energy and supporting vision
Maturing red blood cells in bone
Building collagen and maintaining gums
Match each vitamin with a key function.
Vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine)
Processing amino acids and hormone formation
Vitamin B-12
Normal cell activity and red cell maturation
Vitamin C
Antioxidant action and tissue formation
Niacin
Normal growth and energy metabolism
Low levels of vitamin B-12 most likely lead to which outcome?
Slow wound healing and weakness
Anemia and nervous system disorders
Skin cracks at mouth corners
Tingling in hands and feet
Which foods are emphasized as common sources of vitamin C?
Whole grains and enriched breads
Citrus fruits, broccoli, tomatoes
Meats, eggs, dairy products
Nuts, grains, and meats
Select all statements that correctly describe vitamin C.
Helps develop bones, cartilage, teeth, gums
Acts as an antioxidant against free radicals
Deficiency weakens immune function
Deficiency causes lesions at mouth corners
A student reports muscle spasms, irritability, and anemia. Which vitamin deficiency is most consistent with these symptoms?
Vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine) deficiency
Vitamin C deficiency
Niacin deficiency
Pantothenic acid deficiency
Which statement best explains niacin’s role in the body?
Enables vision in dim light and skin moisture
Builds collagen and prevents gum infections
Supports normal growth and helps metabolize energy
Assists DNA construction and cell replication
Which symptoms are most associated with pantothenic acid deficiency?
Irritability and muscle spasms
Cracks around the mouth corners
Dementia-like symptoms in elderly
Fatigue, numbness, tingling in extremities
Which vitamin is primarily concerned with night vision and also promotes healthy skin?
Vitamin E found in nuts and vegetable oils
Vitamin K present in green vegetables and tea
Vitamin D produced in skin with sunlight
Vitamin A from dark green or orange foods
Low levels of which vitamin can lead to rickets in children and bone softening in adults due to poor calcium and phosphorus use?
Vitamin D affecting bone growth and absorption
Vitamin A causing dry, scaly skin issues
Vitamin E reducing oxidative cell damage
Vitamin K impairing blood clot formation
Which vitamin functions mainly as an antioxidant in the body?
Biotin in meats, legumes, many vegetables
Vitamin A in dairy and orange vegetables
Vitamin K in green vegetables and tea
Vitamin E in nuts, seeds, vegetable oils
A deficiency of vitamin K most directly increases the risk of which problem?
Slowed metabolism of proteins and fats
Defective blood clotting and prolonged bleeding
Night blindness and dry scaly skin
Bone deformities and softening bones
Biotin primarily aids in which physiological process?
Metabolizing proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Forming clots through coagulation factors
Absorbing calcium and phosphorus efficiently
Neutralizing free radicals as antioxidants
Classify each mineral as major or trace.
Calcium
Major mineral
Magnesium
Major mineral
Sodium
Major mineral
Iron
Trace mineral
Zinc
Trace mineral
Which statements about minerals are correct? Select all that apply.
Choose 4
They are inorganic compounds needed in small amounts
Major minerals are required in relatively large amounts
Trace minerals must be obtained only from supplements
Examples include electrolytes such as sodium and potassium
They exclude elements like carbon and hydrogen
Which mineral primarily supports bone and tooth formation while balancing acids and bases in the body?
Phosphorus from dairy, meats, and grains
Zinc from seafood, meats, and grains
Manganese from nuts, grains, leafy greens
Sodium from table salt and processed foods
A deficiency of sodium is most likely to cause which outcome?
Paralysis with severe nerve failure
Stunted growth and poor immunity
Brittle nails and hair loss
Muscle cramps and reduced appetite
Which mineral aids nerve function while helping balance water and acid–base levels, and deficiency can lead to muscular weakness or paralysis?
Potassium supporting fluid and nerve balance
Fluoride maintaining acid–base equilibrium
Sulfur preserving healthy skin and nails
Iron forming hemoglobin for transport
Fluoride’s role in this unit is BEST described as which of the following?
Synthesizing proteins and DNA enzymes
Delivering oxygen by forming hemoglobin
Building collagen and connective tissues
Assisting energy metabolism and acid–base balance
Match each mineral to a key function.
Phosphorus
Bone and tooth formation; acid–base balance
Iron
Oxygen transport via hemoglobin component
Zinc
Enzymatic reactions; protein and DNA synthesis
Sulfur
Healthy hair, nails, skin; brain function
Sodium
Water balance and nerve signal support
Which food pattern most directly helps prevent sulfur deficiency symptoms like brittle nails and low energy?
Low-sodium snacks and herbal teas
High-protein foods such as fish and eggs
Calcium-fortified juices and cereals
Refined grains with added sugars
Multiple minerals in this unit participate in energy metabolism. Which are they?
Choose 3
Fluoride assisting energy use and balance
Zinc enabling numerous enzymatic steps
Sodium exclusively regulating water only
Manganese aiding metabolism of energy
Iron deficiency most likely presents as which cluster of signs?
Skin rash, hair depigmentation, goiter
Weakness, anemia, lowered immunity
Bone pain, calcium loss, tooth decay
Edema, high blood pressure spikes
Which trace mineral directly supports hemoglobin formation and also acts as an antioxidant?
Chromium supports hemoglobin and antioxidant roles
Copper supports hemoglobin and antioxidant roles
Fluorine supports hemoglobin and antioxidant roles
Iodine supports hemoglobin and antioxidant roles
Fluorine’s primary role in human health is best described as which function?
Producing thyroid gland hormones
Regulating insulin and blood sugar levels
Maintaining tooth and bone structure integrity
Forming red blood cell hemoglobin
Match each trace mineral to its key function.
Copper
Hemoglobin formation and antioxidant action
Iodine
Thyroid hormone production and goiter prevention
Chromium
Insulin support and blood sugar regulation
Selenium
Antioxidant protecting cells and thyroid support
A deficiency of iodine most likely leads to which condition?
Goiter or enlarged thyroid gland
Tooth decay and weak enamel
High blood pressure only
Anemia and low blood oxygen
Which foods generally provide fluorine to help protect teeth?
Legumes, seeds, fortified cereals
Seafood, tea, and drinking water
Citrus fruit, leafy greens, berries
Lean poultry, yogurt, olive oil
Multiple effects can result from low chromium intake. Which are supported effects?
Choose 3
Severe tooth enamel erosion
Infertility and diabetes risk
Impaired growth in children
Elevated blood cholesterol
Molybdenum is needed for normal cell function. Which additional outcome is associated with inadequate intake?
Gum disease and premature aging signs
Severe dehydration and heat stroke
Night blindness and dry eyes
Rickets and bowed leg bones
Choose the best description of nutrient-rich foods.
Foods high in nutrients but lower in calories
Foods high in calories but low in nutrients
Foods only from animal sources exclusively
Foods with no vitamins and no minerals
Match each water topic with the correct description.
Polarity
Uneven charge with negative oxygen pole
Hydrogen bond
Attraction between different water molecules
Dehydration
Water loss exceeds water intake
Lubrication
Reduces friction in joints and tissues
Which signs most strongly suggest progressing dehydration in a healthy adult?
Lower back pain and headache
Frequent urination with clear urine
Chronic muscle and joint pain
Increased thirst and dry mouth
Improved digestion and appetite
Water’s chemical structure can be summarized as which of the following?
Two hydrogens bonded to one oxygen
Two oxygens bonded to one hydrogen
Three hydrogens bonded to one oxygen
One hydrogen bonded to two nitrogens
Why do different water molecules stick together to form droplets on a cool surface?
Identical charges repel causing cohesion
Nonpolar forces exclude all other molecules
Opposite charges create hydrogen bonds
Covalent bonds link separate molecules
A student with fever and heavy sweating asks about fluid needs. Which advice aligns with recommended intake guidelines?
Replace water only with soft drinks
Drink more than 8–12 cups per day
Avoid fluids except with meals
Limit to 4–6 cups per day
