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Psychology Final

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Psychology is best defined as the scientific study of:

a)

The brain only

b)

Behavior and mental processes

c)

Human anatomy

d)

Social interactions

2.

Who is known as the 'Father of Psychology'?

a)

Freud

b)

Wundt

c)

Watson

d)

Rogers

3.

Mary Whiton Calkins is known for:

a)

Discovering operant conditioning

b)

Being the first female APA president

c)

Creating the first intelligence test

d)

Founding behaviorism

4.

Francis Sumner was significant because he:

a)

Created humanistic psychology

b)

Was the first African American to earn a psychology PhD

c)

Invented the PET scan

d)

Developed classical conditioning

5.

Daniel Kahneman is known for research on:

a)

Memory errors

b)

Decision-making and judgment

c)

Personality

d)

Sleep stages

6.

The Behavioral perspective focuses on:

a)

Brain chemistry

b)

Culture

c)

Learned behavior

d)

Free will and growth

7.

The Cognitive perspective emphasizes:

a)

Reward and punishment

b)

Unconscious conflict

c)

Thinking and mental processes

d)

Group influence

8.

The Humanistic perspective emphasizes:

a)

Self-actualization

b)

Brain structure

c)

Reinforcement

d)

Culture

9.

The Neuroscience perspective focuses on:

a)

Memory

b)

Brain, body, genetics

c)

Childhood experiences

d)

Self-esteem

10.

The Socio-Cultural perspective argues behavior is shaped by:

a)

Rewards

b)

Thoughts

c)

Cultural norms and groups

d)

Memory structures

11.

The only research method that shows cause and effect is:

a)

Case study

b)

Survey

c)

Naturalistic observation

d)

Experiment

12.

The Independent Variable is:

a)

What is measured

b)

What is changed

c)

What interferes

d)

The comparison group

13.

The Dependent Variable is:

a)

What is measured

b)

What is changed

c)

The confound

d)

The control group

14.

APA ethics requires all EXCEPT:

a)

Confidentiality

b)

Informed consent

c)

Debriefing

d)

Guaranteed payment

15.

A psychologist who studies behavior in workplaces is a(n):

a)

Clinical psychologist

b)

Industrial/Organizational psychologist

c)

Psychiatrist

d)

School psychologist

16.

Nature refers to:

a)

Environment

b)

Parenting

c)

Genetics

d)

Culture

17.

The CNS includes the:

a)

Brain and spinal cord

b)

Nerves in limbs

c)

Heart and lungs

d)

Sensory organs

18.

The PNS includes:

a)

Brain only

b)

Spinal cord only

c)

All nerves outside CNS

d)

Neurotransmitters

19.

The Somatic nervous system controls:

a)

Heartbeat

b)

Digestion

c)

Voluntary movement

d)

Hormones

20.

The Autonomic nervous system controls:

a)

Running

b)

Jumping

c)

Involuntary processes

d)

Memory

21.

"Fight-or-flight" refers to:

a)

Parasympathetic

b)

Sympathetic

c)

Somatic

d)

Central

22.

"Rest-and-digest" refers to:

a)

Somatic

b)

Parasympathetic

c)

Sympathetic

d)

Endocrine

23.

Dendrites:

a)

Send signals

b)

Receive signals

c)

Release hormones

d)

Store memories

24.

The axon:

a)

Receives

b)

Sends messages

c)

Stores DNA

d)

Filters toxins

25.

The synapse is:

a)

A neurotransmitter

b)

A lobe of the brain

c)

The gap between neurons

d)

The spinal nerve

26.

Dopamine is associated with:

a)

Hunger

b)

Reward and movement

c)

Pain reduction

d)

Sleep cycles

27.

Serotonin is associated with:

a)

Memory

b)

Mood

c)

Speech

d)

Reflexes

28.

Low acetylcholine is linked to:

a)

Anxiety

b)

Hallucinations

c)

Alzheimer's

d)

Schizophrenia

29.

GABA’s function is:

a)

Excites the brain

b)

Calms the brain

c)

Controls language

d)

Drives hunger

30.

The frontal lobe controls:

a)

Vision

b)

Hearing

c)

Touch

d)

Decision-making

31.

The occipital lobe controls:

a)

Vision

b)

Movement

c)

Memory

d)

Emotion

32.

Sensation is:

a)

Interpretation of input

b)

Raw sensory input

c)

Emotional judgment

d)

Decision-making

33.

Perception is:

a)

Reflexes

b)

Raw data

c)

Interpretation of sensory input

d)

Muscle coordination

34.

A Gestalt principle that fills in gaps is:

a)

Proximity

b)

Closure

c)

Similarity

d)

Continuity

35.

The restorative theory of sleep argues:

a)

Sleep evolved from predators

b)

Sleep restores body and brain

c)

Dreams are meaningless

d)

Sleep saves energy only

36.

Classical conditioning is learning through:

a)

Consequences

b)

Observation

c)

Association

d)

Modeling

37.

In Pavlov’s experiment, the food is the:

a)

CS

b)

CR

c)

UCS

d)

UCR

38.

The bell after conditioning is the:

a)

UCS

b)

CS

c)

UCR

d)

CR

39.

The dog salivating to the bell is the:

a)

CR

b)

CS

c)

UCS

d)

Reinforcement

40.

Operant conditioning is learning through:

a)

Association

b)

Consequences

c)

Observation

d)

Memory

41.

Positive reinforcement means:

a)

Removing something bad

b)

Adding something good

c)

Adding something bad

d)

Removing something good

42.

Negative reinforcement means:

a)

Removing something bad

b)

Adding something bad

c)

Removing something good

d)

Adding something good

43.

Positive punishment means:

a)

Adding something unpleasant

b)

Removing something pleasant

c)

Adding something pleasant

d)

Removing something unpleasant

44.

The strongest reinforcement schedule is:

a)

Fixed ratio

b)

Variable ratio

c)

Fixed interval

d)

Variable interval

45.

Bandura’s Bobo Doll study proved:

a)

Classical conditioning

b)

Operant conditioning

c)

Observational learning

d)

Sensation vs. perception

46.

Short-term memory holds about:

a)

Unlimited items

b)

7 items

c)

20 items

d)

1 item

47.

Retrieval failure is when you:

a)

Never learned it

b)

Learned it but can’t access it

c)

Stored it incorrectly

d)

Confused it with other memories

48.

Elizabeth Loftus proved memory can be:

a)

Perfect

b)

Unchangeable

c)

Altered

d)

Measured only with IQ

49.

Algorithms are:

a)

Fast but inaccurate

b)

Step-by-step and always correct

c)

Random guesses

d)

Based on emotions

50.

Heuristics are:

a)

Long formulaic rules

b)

Mental shortcuts

c)

Memory errors

d)

Logical proofs

51.

Confirmation bias is:

a)

Rejecting all beliefs

b)

Seeking evidence that supports beliefs

c)

Ignoring first information

d)

Forgetting facts

52.

Spearman believed intelligence is:

a)

Many separate abilities

b)

One general factor

c)

Based on environment only

d)

Measured by emotions

53.

Gardner believed in:

a)

One intelligence

b)

No intelligence

c)

Multiple intelligences

d)

Only logical intelligence

54.

Sternberg’s Triarchic theory includes all EXCEPT:

a)

Analytical

b)

Creative

c)

Practical

d)

Emotional

55.

The Flynn Effect shows that:

a)

IQ scores drop each generation

b)

IQ scores rise over time

c)

IQ is fixed

d)

IQ is not measurable

56.

Reliability means a test:

a)

Measures what it claims

b)

Gives consistent results

c)

Is culturally fair

d)

Has no time limit

57.

Validity means a test:

a)

Gives consistent results

b)

Measures what it claims

c)

Is easy to administer

d)

Is unbiased

58.

Procedural memory involves:

a)

Facts

b)

Experiences

c)

Skills

d)

Emotions

59.

Schema influence means memory is:

a)

Unchanging

b)

Camera-like

c)

Reconstructed

d)

Random

60.

Chunking improves:

a)

Long-term memory

b)

Short-term memory capacity

c)

Sensation

d)

Neural firing

61.

Teens are in which Piaget stage?

a)

Sensorimotor

b)

Preoperational

c)

Concrete operational

d)

Formal operational

62.

Erikson’s teen conflict is:

a)

Intimacy vs. isolation

b)

Trust vs. mistrust

c)

Identity vs. role confusion

d)

Integrity vs. despair

63.

Kohlberg’s highest moral stage is:

a)

Preconventional

b)

Conventional

c)

Postconventional

d)

Obedience-only

64.

Carol Gilligan emphasized:

a)

Identity

b)

Care and relationships

c)

Intelligence

d)

Conditioning

65.

Psychodynamic theory says personality is shaped by:

a)

Genetics only

b)

Free will

c)

Unconscious conflicts

d)

Rewards

66.

Humanistic theory says humans strive for:

a)

Punishment

b)

Self-actualization

c)

Obedience

d)

Memory

67.

Trait theory suggests personality is:

a)

Ever-changing

b)

Based on instincts only

c)

Made of stable traits

d)

Unmeasurable

68.

The Big Five measures:

a)

Anxiety only

b)

Intelligence

c)

Personality traits

d)

Stress levels

69.

Drive theory says behavior is motivated by:

a)

Reducing discomfort

b)

Seeking punishment

c)

Social pressure

d)

Random choice

70.

Arousal theory says people seek:

a)

The highest arousal

b)

The lowest arousal

c)

The optimal arousal

d)

No stimulation

71.

Anger is often caused by:

a)

Curiosity

b)

Frustration

c)

Hunger

d)

Daydreaming

72.

The Four D's include all EXCEPT:

a)

Deviant

b)

Dysfunction

c)

Dangerous

d)

Delayed

73.

Anxiety disorders include:

a)

Schizophrenia

b)

Bipolar

c)

Panic disorder

d)

DID

74.

Mood disorders include:

a)

OCD

b)

Depression

c)

Phobias

d)

Personality disorders

75.

Schizophrenia involves:

a)

Low serotonin only

b)

Delusions and hallucinations

c)

Avoiding people

d)

Forgetting identity

76.

The biological model says disorders come from:

a)

Trauma only

b)

Brain chemistry and genetics

c)

Culture only

d)

Rewards

77.

Cognitive therapy focuses on:

a)

Unconscious

b)

Changing thoughts

c)

Medication

d)

Punishment

78.

Behavioral therapy uses:

a)

Conditioning

b)

Dream analysis

c)

Brain scans

d)

Hypnosis only

79.

Humanistic therapy focuses on:

a)

Diagnosing disorders

b)

Self-acceptance

c)

Reinforcement

d)

Medication

80.

Biomedical treatment includes:

a)

Rewards

b)

Medication

c)

Journaling

d)

Meditation only

81.

Wyatt v. Stickney established the right to:

a)

Segregated hospitals

b)

No treatment

c)

Humane treatment standards

d)

Mandatory medication

82.

Projective tests measure:

a)

IQ

b)

Memory

c)

Unconscious processes

d)

Reaction time

83.

The MMPI measures:

a)

Intelligence

b)

Personality disorders

c)

Short-term memory

d)

Sensation

84.

A psychologist (PhD) can:

a)

Prescribe meds

b)

Perform therapy

c)

Do surgery

d)

Diagnose medical illness

85.

A psychiatrist (MD) can:

a)

Only do therapy

b)

Only work in schools

c)

Prescribe medication

d)

Do no medical practice

86.

Conformity was shown in which study?

a)

Milgram

b)

Pavlov

c)

Asch

d)

Bandura

87.

Obedience was studied by:

a)

Milgram

b)

Asch

c)

Watson

d)

Gardner

88.

Social loafing means people:

a)

Work harder in groups

b)

Work less in groups

c)

Avoid groups

d)

Lead groups more

89.

Groupthink occurs when:

a)

Everyone votes independently

b)

The group values harmony over realism

c)

No one agrees

d)

A leader is absent

90.

The bystander effect is caused by:

a)

Personal courage

b)

Diffusion of responsibility

c)

Group bonding

d)

Punishment

91.

Actor-observer bias means:

a)

People judge others harshly but excuse themselves

b)

People treat themselves worse

c)

People ignore all behavior

d)

People always blame themselves

92.

Self-serving bias means:

a)

Success = ability; failure = external

b)

Success = luck; failure = skill

c)

Everything is random

d)

Everyone is treated equally

93.

Eustress is:

a)

Always harmful

b)

Negative stress

c)

Positive stress

d)

Trauma-based stress

94.

Which is a stress response?

a)

Slower heart rate

b)

Faster breathing

c)

Reduced adrenaline

d)

Lower muscle tension

95.

Healthy coping strategy:

a)

Isolation

b)

Exercise

c)

Substance use

d)

Avoidance

96.

Unhealthy coping strategy:

a)

Planning

b)

Journaling

c)

Substance abuse

d)

Talking to someone

97.

A school psychologist works with:

a)

Elderly patients

b)

Business hiring teams

c)

Student behavior/learning

d)

Only adults in therapy

98.

A counselor helps with:

a)

Mental disorders only

b)

Daily life issues and stress

99.

Treatment choice depends on:

a)

Evidence, severity, client needs

b)

Random selection

c)

Insurance only

d)

Doctor preference only

100.

Social psychology shows that behavior is influenced by:

a)

Individual traits only

b)

Groups, roles, and situations

c)

Biology only

d)

Memory

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