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DNA, RNA, & Mutations Review

Total questions: 36

Worksheet time: 2hrs 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

When DNA replication occurs before meiosis, the original DNA strand CAG TGT TTA TAG is copied into complementary strand GTC ACA GGC ATC. What type of mutation has occurred?

a)
  • deletion

b)
  • inversion

c)
  • substitution

2.

When DNA replication occurs before meiosis, the original DNA strand GTC ACA GGC ATC is copied into complementary strand CAG CCG TAG. What type of mutation has occurred??

a)
  • deletion

b)
  • inversion

c)
  • inversion

d)
  • substitution

3.

A gene on a strand of DNA has the following nucleotide sequence:
CCC-AAG-TGG

What are the mRNA triplets coded for from this gene?

Hint - DNA to mRNA


a)
  • GGG UUC ACC

b)
  • CCC AAG TGG

c)
  • GGG TTC ACC

d)
  • UUU CCC AGA

4.

What is the sequence of amino acids formed from

GGG UUC ACC ?

a)
  • Glycine - Leucine - Serine

b)
  • Valine - Glycine - Arginine

c)
  • Valine - Lysine - Tryptophan

d)
  • Glycine - Phenylalanine - Threonine

5.

What is the amino acids AAA?

a)
  • Leucine

b)
  • Glycine

c)
  • Lysine

d)
  • Threonine

6.

What is the amino acids UCU?

a)
  • Leucine

b)
  • Glycine

c)
  • Lysine

d)

Serine

7.

What is the amino acids GGG?

a)
  • Leucine

b)
  • Glycine

c)
  • Lysine

d)

Serine

8.

What is the amino acids CCU?

a)

Proline

b)
  • Glycine

c)
  • Lysine

d)

Serine

9.

Ribose Sugar

a)

DNA

b)

Both

c)

RNA

10.

Deoxyribose Sugar

a)

DNA

b)

Both

c)

RNA

11.

Throughout the Cell

a)

DNA

b)

Both

c)

RNA

12.

In the Nucleus

a)

DNA

b)

Both

c)

RNA

13.

Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen Base

a)

DNA

b)

Both

c)

RNA

14.

How might this model be revised to show a more accurate depiction of protein synthesis?

a)

Between processes 1 and 2, the mRNA must leave the nucleus.

b)

Prior to process 1, DNA should copy itself to allow the cell to divide.

c)

After process 2, the completed protein should travel back to the nucleus.

d)


During process 2, the ribosome should remove any mutated nucleotides from the mRNA.

15.

Which statement best explains the process of transcription as it relates to protein synthesis and gene expression?

a)
  • A ribosome is used to create a polypeptide.

b)
  • A tRNA molecule is used to carry an amino acid to the ribosome.

c)
  • A portion of a DNA molecule is read to produce an mRNA molecule.

d)
  • A portion of an mRNA molecule is used to produce a chain of amino acids.

16.

Consider the model of translation. Which statement could you use to best explain the purpose of translation to your lab partner?

a)

In translation, tRNA carries the genetic code copied from DNA to the ribosome where mRNA is used to place amino acids in the correct sequence to form a protein.

b)

In translation, DNA carries the genetic code to the ribosome where it is read and mRNA is used to place amino acids in the correct sequence to form a protein.

c)

In translation, mRNA carries the genetic code copied from DNA to the ribosome where it is read and tRNA is used to place amino acids in the correct sequence to form a protein.

d)

In translation, mRNA carries the genetic code copied from DNA to the nucleus where it is read and tRNA is used to place amino acids in the correct sequence to form a protein.

17.

This is a genetic mutation caused by the replacement of a single base nucleotide with another nucleotide.

a)
  • Point mutation

b)
  • Deletion

c)
  • Inversion

d)
  • Frameshift mutation

18.

A genetic mutation caused by the loss of a chromosomal segment.

a)
  • Point mutation

b)
  • Deletion

c)
  • Inversion

d)
  • Frameshift mutation

19.

This reverses a segment within a chromosome.

a)
  • Point mutation

b)
  • Deletion

c)
  • Inversion

d)
  • Frameshift mutation

20.

This is a genetic mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides that changes the amino acid sequence from the site of the mutation forward.

a)
  • Point mutation

b)
  • Deletion

c)
  • Inversion

d)
  • Frameshift mutation

21.

The central dogma of molecular biology is an explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It is a framework for understanding the transfer of genetic information between sequential information-carrying biopolymers. It traces the one-way flow from the nucleus out to the cell proper and the ribosome.

a)

b)

c)

d)

22.

Josh is assigned a project in class to make a strand of m-RNA from DNA.The DNA code that he has been assigned is CGG TCG AGT GAT. What would be the correct code for Josh to use in his transcription?

a)
  • GCC AGC TCA CTA

b)
  • GCC AGG TGA CTA

c)
  • GCC UGC TCA CTU

d)
  • GCC AGC UCA CUA

23.

A single strand of DNA contains the following nine nucleotides in this order: ACT TAT GGA. What sequence of bases will be present on the complementary strand of DNA?

a)
  • UGA AUA CCT

b)
  • ACU UAU GGA

c)
  • ACU UAU GGA

d)
  • TGA ATA CCT

24.

A DNA molecule has the sequence GCATCCGA. What is the mRNA sequence resulting for this DNA code?

a)
  • CCTAGGCT

b)
  • CGTAGGCT

c)
  • CGUAGGCU

d)
  • GCATCCGA

25.

Given the sequence of DNA nucleotide bases TAGTAGTAG, give the complementary strand of mRNA produced during transcription.


a)
  • AAGGUAGUA

b)
  • AAUCGGAAC

c)
  • AUCAUCAUC

d)
  • GAGGAGGAG

26.

The codon chart shown here uses the three base sequence found on the mRNA molecule after the information is copied from DNA during transcription. Imagine that a protein is being assembled at the ribosome. What is the amino acid sequence for the codons GUU AAA?

a)

valine - lysine

b)

leucine - lysine

c)

valine - arginine

d)


leucine - arginine

27.

The central dogma of molecular biology is centered upon the process of protein synthesis, in which the information from DNA is transcribed and translated, resulting in multiple amino acids being joined to form _______________.

a)

lipids

b)

proteins

c)

carbohydrates

d)

nucleic acids

28.

During replication, the DNA segment in a somatic cell undergoes the mutation seen here.
What type of mutation has occurred? If this DNA molecule proceeds to transcription and translation, explain the impact of this mutation on the production of a protein?

a)

This is a point mutation, resulting from the addition of one nitrogen base. This strand can no longer be used for transcription or translation due to its mutation.

b)

This is a frameshift mutation, resulting from the substitution of one nitrogen base. If this strand of DNA is used for transcription, it will result in all of the amino acids being placed incorrectly in the protein.

c)

This is a frameshift mutation, resulting from the addition of one nitrogen base. This strand can no longer be used for transcription or translation due to its mutation. If this strand of DNA is used for transcription, it will affect the coding of multiple amino acids, causing an incorrect protein to be assembled.

d)

This is a point mutation, resulting from the substitution of one nitrogen base. If this strand of DNA is used for transcription, it will affect the coding of ONE amino acid, resulting in placing the correct amino acid in the protein, placing the wrong amino acid in the protein, or coding for the protein to stop building.

29.

This bonds to thymine (T) in DNA.

a)
  • Adenine

b)
  • Guanine

c)
  • Uracil

d)
  • Cytosine

30.

This bonds to cytosine (C) in DNA.

a)
  • Adenine

b)
  • Guanine

c)
  • Uracil

d)
  • Cytosine

31.

This is the nitrogenous base only found in RNA.

a)
  • Adenine

b)
  • Guanine

c)
  • Uracil

d)
  • Cytosine

32.

A single stranded nucleic acid that plays a role in protein synthesis.

a)
  • RNA

b)
  • DNA

c)
  • Replication

d)
  • Transcription

33.

This is the copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA.

a)
  • RNA

b)
  • DNA

c)
  • Replication

d)
  • Transcription

34.

This holds an organism's hereditary information.

a)
  • RNA

b)
  • DNA

c)
  • Replication

d)
  • Transcription

35.

This is the process of copying DNA to RNA.

a)
  • RNA

b)
  • DNA

c)
  • Replication

d)
  • Transcription

36.

Is this comparison of DNA replication, transcription, and translation

  • True or False 

Replication  -  Purpose The process of synthesizing new strands of DNA 

Transcription - The process of using DNA as a template to synthesize RNA.

Translation -  The process of using mRNA to synthesize proteins.

a)

True

b)

False