WorksheetsMOD 8 Overview
Total questions: 169
Worksheet time: 46hrs 9mins
How many channels are present in DS3/T3, and what is the maximum data rate?
44.736/672
6.312/40,567
430/39,300
650/44,730
What is the maximum data rate for DS2/T2?
1.544 Mbps
64 kbps
6.312 Mbps
274.176 Mbps
What is the max data rate for CAT 5e?
1 Gbps
25 Gbps
10 Gbps
40 Gbps
What is the bandwidth of a CAT 5e cable?
20 Mhz
100 Mhz
250 Mhz
500 Mhz
Kbps stands for?
Kilohertz per second
Kilobits per minute
Kilobytes per second
Kilobits per second
___ ensure enough bandwidth is set aside for a specific date and time of the day on a priority basis
Time-of day restrictions
Demand assigned protocols
Convention allocations
Dynamic bandwidth settings
Twisted pair is an example of a ____ transmission media
Shielded
Unbalanced
Optical
Balanced
Coax cable is one of the most ___ types of cabling you will see in the RF career field
Popular
Experimental
Rare
Obsolete
What type of bandwidth allocation wastes bandwidth when users are inactive?
Dynamic
Demand Assigned
Conventional
Time-of-Day
Network bandwidth management does not consider cables, connectors, or protocols
What is the fastest type of transmission media
fiber
coax
twisted pair
wireless
Fiber optics is immune to EMI
Satellite and Troposcatter (TROPO) transmissions are both ______ wireless
Omnidirectional
Directional
Omnidirectional and directional
Line of site
Conventional bandwidth allocation is the most predictable but least efficient method
Biggest limitation of Demand Assigned Bandwidth?
it has fixed channels
Users always get the maximum bandwidth
Available bandwidth may not be enough for the next user.
It only works with fiber optic cables.
Dynamic bandwidth allocation becomes active when…
One user exceeds their bandwidth
Combined data rates exceed the available system bandwidth
The system is offline.
All cables are balanced
What organization defines communication standards such as EIA- 232 and EIA-530
Nasa
DoD
IEEE
Electronics Industries Association (EIA)
EIA-232C allows up to 50 ft at what maximum data rate?
2 Mbps
56 Kbps
9.6 Kbps
100 Mbps
What is the maximum direct-wire distance for EIA-232C at 56 Kbps
100 Feet
300 Feet
5,000 Feet
50 Feet
Demand Assigned manages the bandwidth more efficiently than conventional?
What does possessing a valid SDB number guarantee?
Access to satellite resources, but not guaranteed immediate service
Permission to operate on any frequency
Unlimited satellite bandwidth
Immediate access to satellite services
Which of the following is NOT required information for a SAR?
Desired frequency band
Bandwidth/data rate requirements
Beacon frequency
Terminal location
What document gives terminal operators approval to access a satellite?
GAR
SAA
SDB certificate
GAR
What is typically submitted along with a SAR to request DISN access?
STEP Request
Gateway Access Request (GAR)
Frequency Clearance Request
Terminal Power Certification
Planning cells that provide GMF access to the unified and specified commands on defense & commercial satellite services
RSSC
GMFA
SDB
SAR
What does the SAA Provide?
Trouble Shooting
Authorized parameters
Terminal hardware requirements
IP addressing for DSN
Firewall and whitelist specifications are required components when submitting a GAR.
Because Satellites are shared between many entities, services must be carefully allocated and managed.
The GAR provides access to the ____ housed in the ____
DOD, NSA
Air Force, Command
DISN, DoDIN
DSN, DOD
What must be obtained in addition to an SAA before transmitting?
AEHF clearance
Local Frequency authorization
DISA access code
GPS timing lock
The SAA tells operators exactly what satellite, frequencies, bandwidth, and time window they are authorized use
What is one of the following information requirements for SAR?
Element 115
Agarthan Gateway
Terminal declassification
Location of terminal
How many RSSC locations are there
6
5
4
3
The SDB is the centralized database containing all DOD official satellite requirements for _________ entities.
military, civil, industrial and international
territorial, NATO, terrestrial, and extraterrestrial
internal, external, and commercial
military, commercial, civil and allied
All military branches that operate on a satellite’s resources must have a valid SAB number
What does Unit missions planning element send to the RSSC
satellite access request / gateway access request
satellite access authorization
Terminal order approval
control order wire
Who is responsible for reviewing a SAR submission and compare it with available resources?
SAA
SATLAN
RSSC
TCC&C
What is the communication line between terminal operators & ground mobile forces operators
satellite access authorization
control order wire
satellite access request / gateway access request
Terminal order approval
At 9.6 Kbps, what is the EIA-232C direct wire-distance?
10-20 Feet
100 Miles
Unlimited
500 to 5,000 Feet
What is EIA-232C also known as ?
RS-449
RS-232C
EIA-530
Mil-STD-232
Which method of Bandwidth allocation is the most efficient?
Conventional
Demand Assigned
Dynamic
Time-of-day
If a Dynamic Bandwidth system faces a surge of users what would most likely happen?
The system would evenly distribute its bandwidth across all users
The system would prioritize users who paid for a better package
The system would exceed its actual bandwidth slowing speeds
The system would kick off random users
How many users are required to make a network?
Three
Two
Ten
One
What does DSU stand for?
Diagnostic Service Unit
Digital Service Unit
Dynamic Standard Unit
Differentiated Signal Uplink
What does CSU stand for?
Channel Service Unit
Cesium Secondary Unit
Channel Side Unit
Chase Service Unit
What are the differences between twisted pair categories?
speed/signal
Maximum data rate/bandwidth
material/color
Fiber optic, or Copper
What is the max data rate and bandwidth of a CAT6 cable?
10Gbps/1Ghz
500Mhz/5Gbps
250Mhz/1Gbps
10Gbps/10Ghz
How many channels does DS4/T4 have?
2,016
8,064
16,128
4,032
CDMA uses what to separate users?
Time slots
Guard bands
Pseudorandom noise coders
satellite numbers
What do FDMA systems use to minimize crosstalk between users?
Time Slots
Encryption Keys
PN Codes
Guard Bands
Which access method separates users by frequency?
TDMA
FDMA
CDMA
DAMA
WCDMA is ______, allowing more flexibility
Synchronous
Asynchronous
Expensive
Wired
What is a major advantage of WCDMA over CDMA?
Allows higher throughput due to wider bandwidth
Uses guard bands
Has smaller dish requirements
Uses Fixed frequency only
Which multiple-access method returns the frequency to a pool after a user finishes transmitting?
TDMA
CDMA
FDMA
DAMA
This Access type operates on a ‘First come first served’ basis
DAMA
CDMA
TDMA
FDMA
In CDMA the receiving terminal actively looks for a specific coded waveform from the desired transmitter.
in DAMA, once finished, the frequency is returned to the frequency pool for the next user.
CDMA allows users to transmit at the same time without any inefficient spectrum usage that would otherwise occur in FDMA
What kind of carrier does WCDMA use?
5 Mhz- wide
1Ghz-wide
5 Ghz-wide
1 Mhz-wide
Can be spectrally inefficient for the satellite’s total capacity
TDMA
CDMA
FTPMA
FDMA
____ functions by assigning terminals dedicated time slots on a channel’s bandwidth.
TCPMA
FDMA
TDMA
PDMA
When using the TDMA method, time separates each slot that acts as _____
Broad Band
Wide Band
Guard Band
Spectrum Band
TDMA functions by assigning terminals dedicated codes on a channel’s bandwidth, as opposed to time to each user
X-band is most commonly used for which purpose?
Military applications
Commercial Internet
Weather forecasting
TV broadcasting
Which frequency range does X- band use?
4-8GHz
8-12GHz
12-18 GHz
27-40 GHz
Ku-Band is highly resistant to rain fade and rarely experiences weather-related issues
Which Band uses the 4-8 GHz range and is highly resistant to rain fade?
Ku-Band
Ka-Band
C-band
X-band
What is a main advantage of C-band
Highest throughput
Resistant to rain
Not used for satellites
Small antennas
Ka Band has the highest throughput of all bands discussed, but is highly affected by weather.
Ka-Band operates at what frequency?
27-40 GHz
4-8 GHz
12-18 GHz
18-27 MHz
What range of frequency does k-band utilize?
4-8 MHz
18-27 MHz
18-27 GHz
12-18 GHz
k-band is useful for long distance communication.
C-Band was one of the first and original range of frequencies and is used in satellites such as
DOMSAT, INTELSAT, EUTELSAT, and PANAMSAT
INTELSAT, EUTELSAT, OSISAT, TCPSAT
PANAMSAT, DOMSAT, UCLASAT, INTELSAT
EUTELSAT, DOMESTICSAT, PANAMASAT, INTELSAT
The metal or composite structure of the satellite spacecraft is the ___?
Bass
train
Bus
Body
What does the propulsion subsystem do?
Sends commands to ground stations
Re-transmits radio signals
corrects launch errors and performs positions changes
Provides satellite power
What Subsystem generates and regulates a satellite's electrical power?.
Propulsion subsystem
TT&C subsystem
Beacon subsystem
Power subsystem
What equipment on a communications satellite receives a signal and retransmits it?
Transponder
Repeater
Receiver
Transformer
The bus must be strong enough to withstand launch, and heavy enough to restrict payload weight.
What are we as Radio and Satellite technicians classified as that utilize the capabilities of the satellite payload?
Space Segment
Terminal Segment
Command Segment
Control Segment
The Terminal Segment consists of ___________-based equipment that are used for transmitting and receiving signals
Ground, Airborne, and Sea
Ground, Airborne, and Space
Ground and Airborne
Airborne, and Subaquatic
The ____ subsystem manages spacecraft control, payload control, and communications network control.
TCCC
TT&C
T&CC
T&C
The most common type of THIS subsystem today is a combination of large solar panels and rechargeable batteries.
propulsion subsystem
TT&C
Power Subsystem
Electron subsystem
What is the space segment?
It consists of ground stations that manage satellite data.
It consists of the (satellites) that carry communications payloads.
It includes the software systems that control satellite functions.
It comprises the antennas and receivers used for satellite communication.
_____ involves operation and control of the payload on the spacecraft.
Propulsion Control
Power Control
Propulsion Subsystem
Payload Control
The TT&C subsystem allows satellites to communicate only with other satellites, not with ground stations.
False
True
Which subsystem provides electrical power to the satellite?
Beacon subsystem
Propulsion subsystem
Power subsystem
TT&C subsystem
Terminal Segment includes personnel, equipment, and facilities that utilizes the ability of the satellite payload.
The TT&C subsystem is responsible for
Communications with other satellites
Telemetry, tracking, and control
Power regulation
Satellite propulsion
The command and control segment consists of?
Ground Systems NOT Responsible for Control
The ISS
Ground Systems Responsible for Control
Propulsion Subsystems
Where is the network control operations main base?
Wright Patterson AFB
Keesler AFB
Anderson AFB
Schriever AFB
Why is the uplink frequency typically higher than the downlink frequency?
Satellites are louder than ground stations
Uplink needs less power
Ground Stations must use higher frequencies to penetrate the atmosphere
Downlink needs more power due to noise
Network control remote stations are _.
Diego Garcia, Guam, England, Greenland, Hawaii, New Hampshire, California.
Luxembourg, England, France, Hawaii, New Mexico, Washington
Canada, Guam, Diego Garcia, Iceland, Philippines Agartha,
United States, Canada, Mexico, Panama
Haiti, Jamaica, Peru
Republic Dominican, Cuba, Caribbean
Greenland, El Salvador too
If the AF using the a commercial satellite disrupts a TV broadcast, then the AF could be fined.
False
True
What is the primary role of the DSCS?
High capacity, high availability military communications
Commercial broadcasting
Civilian internet service
weather forecasting
How many transponders does each DSCS satellite have?
4
6
8
10
Which satellite system provides the DoD’s highest capacity communications?
DSCS
MILSTAR
STARLINK
WGS
WGS satellites can
Only operate in UHF
Only transmit voice traffic
Only support DSN Traffic
Cross-band between X and KA
MILSTAR satellites offer jam-resistant, survivable communications and use crosslinks for worldwide coverage
Who owns the GPS system?
NASA
U.S. Navy
United States government
NATO
GPS provides which type of information to a receiver?
Weather and climate data
Satellite maintenance data
Internet connectivity
Geolocation and time information
A GPS receiver must have an unobstructed line of sight to how many satellites for accurate positioning?
2 or more
4 or less
4 or more
6 or more
Which statement about GPS is true?
It requires the user to transmit data back to satellites
It operates independently from telephonic or Internet reception
It is only available for military use
It works only with Internet access
What frequency band/s do DSCS satellites operate in?
in both the X and Ka frequency bands
operate mainly in the X-band
Operate mainly in the C-band
Operate mainly in the K-band
How many satellites are in the AEHF constellation?
There are six military communication satellites in the AEHF constellation
Six satellites launched, with five currently operational
There are eight military communication satellites in the AEHF constellation
There are four military communication satellites in the AEHF constellation
What is the primary function of MILSTAR satellites?
To prevent interference between channels
protection from EMP effects of a nuclear explosion
To provide reliable, high capacity comms in support of various operations.
To provide secure, jam-resistant communications
What type of system is GPS classified as?
Local navigation system
Global navigation satellite system
Terrestrial radio mapping system
Orbital radar network
What is anti-scintillation in the context of MILSTAR
To provide survivable, jam resistant communications
Continuous coverage between latitudes 65 south 65 north
Protection from EMP effects of a nuclear explosion
The beacon frequency is 7,600 MHz
What is the purpose of the mobile user objective system (MUOS)
To facilitate communication and data transfer at specified rates
To hop, permute, and spread communications data over usable bandwidth
To prevent interference between channels
To revolutionize secure UHF SATCOM for mobile forces
Who developed MUOS for the U.S. Navy?
DARPA
NASA
Lockheed Martin
Northrop Grumman
What frequency range does MUOS utilize?
HF
UHF
VHF
SHF
The AEHF provides ______ communications for high-priority military ground, sea and air assets
Survivable, global, secure, protected and jam-resistant
Survivable, international, secure, protected and self-correcting
Local, secure, insured, jam-resistant and survivable
Global, secure, insured, jam-resistant and survivable
The Advanced Extremely High Frequency System is a joint service satellite communications system.
This Satellite System is the follow-on to the MILSTAR system, augmenting and improving on its abilities
MILSTAR
GPS
AEHF
Commercial
This Satellite System expands the MILSATCOM architecture
MILSTAR
AEHF
WGS
MUOS
Provides support for the operation, control, & maintenance of a variety of US DoD, & Commercial Satellites
MUOS
MILSTAR
AFSCN
DSCN
provides prelaunch checkout and simulation, launch support, and early orbit support.
DSCS
AFSCN
GPS
Commercial
provides tracking data to help maintain the catalog of space objects
MILSTAR
Commercial
AFSCN
AEHF
_________communications operate in the C-band and Ku-band
AFSCN
MILSTAR
Commercial
WGS
What is one of the new capabilities of MUOS?
Simultaneous Crystal Clear Voice
Instant Send/Receive messaging to Agartha
Asynchronous Telecommunications
Able to automatically remove noise from any signal from a MILSTAR satellite
Your unit pays for access time when using a commercial satellite.
False
True
One way to distinguish between military and commercial satellites is
Operating inside military space zone
By Name
Military Insignia
Connection to Hyperborean sine waves
What major risk exists when the military uses commercial SATCOM?
Possibility of fines if military transmissions disrupt TV broadcasts
Loss of onboard encryption
Loss of UHF coverage
GPS interference
This device is used to measure time based on the position of the sun
Sun Dial
magnifying glass
watch
telescope
Mutual synchronization provides a highly stable clock at each station
What technique requires one node to be the master station
master slave
mutual
Master clock
Plesiochronous
What do atomic oscillators take advantage of?
Crystals
Atoms
The Sun
Tritium
most stable synchronization technique
master clock
mutual
master slave
Plesiochronous
Apparent Solar Time is based off?
The sun
Electron flow
The revolution of the earth
The moon
GPS constellation was designed to provide four-satellite visibility from anywhere in the world
The ___ effect is the process of resonating a tuned voltage through a crystal used for timing
Master clock
Plesiochronous
Piezoelectric
Cesium Beam
These oscillators are widely used in everything from wrist watches to laboratory equipment
Mutual
Atomic
Rubidium
Quartz
This synchronization technique provides a highly stable clock at each station
Plesiochronous
Master Clock
Master-Slave
Mutual
Operates at 9 billion clocks per second (9.192 GHz) drifts 200 nanoseconds in 24 hours.
Cesium beam
Rubidium Standard
Master slave
Master clock
Two of the most common types of THESE oscillators are the cesium beam oscillators and the rubidium gas cell oscillator
Mutual
Atomic
Piezoelectric
Plesiochronous
What makes atomic oscillators more stable than quartz?
They use radio waves
They are cooled with nitrogen
They are larger in size
They ignore temperature and aging effects
Why is cesium considered a primary frequency standard?
It is the cheapest
It has the highest power output
It has extremely high stability and low drift
It is used in wristwatches
GPS timing becomes more accurate when the antenna sees
One satellite
More satellites at once
Two satellites
Three satellites
What Multiplexing technique is used by most civilian and military communications today?
Time Division Multiplexing
Frequency Division Multiplexing
Conventional Multiplexing
Assigned Multiplexing
Multiplexing that utilizes modulation to create analog signals for each user
TDM
Conventional Multiplexing
FDM
Assigned Multiplexing
What is used extensively in telephone systems, LOS, tropospheric scatter links, and relay networks?
Multiplexing
FDM
Assigned Multiplexing
TDM
Combines two or more digital signals onto the same transmission path by assigning each channel to a different time slot
Assigned Multiplexing
Frequency Division Multiplexing
Conventional Multiplexing
Time Division Multiplexing
What process is used by the distant end multiplexer to sort signals into their own respective outputs/channels?
Demultiplexing
Reverse Multiplexing
Time Division Multiplexing
Frequency Dividing Multiplexing
What are the two types of multiplexing?
DPS/PCM
FDM/TDM
FDM/QAM
LDM/RDM
What is used in frequency division multiplexing in order to create analog signals for each user?
Oscillators
Heterodyning
Modulation
Tuning
In FDM, which type of filter is used on the distant end to return a signal to its original range?
Low pass
Band pass
High pass
Band reject
In frequency division multiplexing, when are the modulated signals combined?
Prior to transmission
During transmission
When the signal passes through the band pass filter
At a time specified by the user
In the digital network hierarchy, what is the maximum data rate of a DS0?
1.544 Mbps
64 kbps
6.312 Mbps
274.176 Mbps
How many users (channels) can a DS1/T1 support?
1
48
90
24
What is the maximum data rate of a DS2/T2 level?
6.312 Mbps
44.736 Mbps
1.544 Mbps
374.176 Mbps
How many users (channels) can a DS3/T3 support ?
24
4032
672
96
How many voice channels can a DS4/T4 carry?
24
4032
96
672
How many users (channels) can a DS2/T2 carry?
672
96
4032
24
What is the maximum data rate at the DS4/T4 hierarchy level?
6.312 Mbps
64 kbps
274.176 Mbps
1.544 Mbps
Why can a single DS1/T1 only support 24 telephone inputs?
Because its maximum data rate is only 1.544
Because of cooling limitations
Because it uses fiber optics
Because it connects only wireless signals
As demand grows, the digital hierarchy increases bandwidth ____.
Randomly
Non-linearly
Proportionally
Only at the highest levels
The CSU is also the digital equivalent of what device?
Satellite radio
Analog modem
Virtual machine
Network switch
What level in the digital network hierarchy has a maximum data rate of 44.736 Mbps and 672 Number of users (channels) ?
DS4/T4
DS0
DS2/T2
DS3/T3
When does positive control take place?
Before any communication link attempted
After a successful communication link is established
Only during ASIs
Only when a terminal losses power
The Uplink is the signal we are _______.
sending from our transmitter
receiving from the satellite
redirecting to another terminal
Receiving from our transmitter
What is the technician's job when communication links go down without notice?
Troubleshoot and restore the links
Report it and wait
Shut down the terminal
Contact the user
In order to prevent a Downlink’s receiver from being under over powered we use.
Battery Thresholds
67 Watts
9 Volts
Power Balancing
To ensure that our Uplink is ideal, output power must be heavily controlled.
What is the first step in establishing a link?
uplink
Satellite tracking
downlink
side-to-side link
What two things can you use to verify you are on the correct satellite?
Cross-link, Cross-band
Uplink, downlink
Beacon, Spectrum analyzer
computer, cable
Who ensures each terminal is operating according to the satellite access authorization ?
The satellite network controllers
The RF technician
Sierra Nevada Corporation
The STEP site manager
A nominal uplink and downlink happens when you get SAA
False
True
What are Authorized Service Interruptions? (ASIs)
Random outages caused by users
Errors caused by poor satellite positioning
Scheduled link outages for maintenance or updates
Unapproved downtime
A downlink receiver’s distant end also needs to be power balanced.
What principals do we use to achieve communication between satellite and terminal?
Upstream and Downstream
Transmit and Receive
Agarthan Transceiver
GAR and UAE
