A pharmacist refuses to inflate medicine prices during a disaster despite losing profit. A Kantian would say the pharmacist acts morally because:

A city prioritizes police drones over mental health services. A Rawlsian critique would focus on:

A student cheats on one exam “just this once” to keep a scholarship for her family. A deontologist would say the act is wrong because:

A doctor may administer high-dose morphine to relieve extreme pain, foreseeing that it may speed death. Under the Principle of Double Effect, this is:

A CEO donates millions to charity only for favorable publicity. A virtue ethicist would argue the action is:

A bureaucrat denies welfare applications to reduce government expenses. A utilitarian evaluation depends on:

A government censors violent films, claiming it protects public morality. According to Mill’s Harm Principle, this is justified only if:

A journalist exposes a scandal that destabilizes the economy but reveals truth about government corruption. A Kantian would prioritize:

A scientist withholds a discovery that could save lives because she wants more time to perfect it. Natural law would condemn this because:

A teacher chooses student leaders based on beauty, not competence. A justice-as-fairness view sees this as unjust because:

A factory pollutes a river but provides thousands of jobs. A classic utilitarian might justify pollution if:

A priest lies to protect a refugee from violent captors. Kantian ethics holds that:

A pharmacy raises prices after a natural disaster. A virtue ethicist criticizes the decision because it lacks:

A public school distributes limited computers. Under Rawls, they should be given based on:

A military commander bombs a weapons factory, knowing civilians may die. Under Double Effect, this is permissible if:

A nurse treats a rude patient with equal care. Kant would call her action moral because:

A rich country refuses aid to the poor, claiming self-reliance is important. Utilitarianism would object if:

A taxi driver refuses to transport disabled passengers because it takes more time. According to virtue ethics, this violates:

A town replaces low-income housing with luxury condos. A Rawlsian critique says this harms justice because:

A doctor refuses to perform euthanasia even if the patient begs for it. Under natural law, this aligns with:

A manager fires an honest but unproductive worker to save the company. A Kantian critique would say:

A parent steals luxury food during famine rather than basic nourishment. Utilitarianism criticizes this because:

A city adds bike lanes but cuts disability services. A justice-as-fairness evaluation finds it unjust because:

A programmer builds an AI to prioritize the oldest patient in emergencies. A utilitarian would object because:

A man lies to a friend to avoid hurting feelings. Kant thinks the lie is:

A developer destroys wetlands to build affordable housing. Natural law stresses:

A president withholds economic data until after elections. Virtue ethics criticizes this because it lacks:

A police officer tortures a suspect to prevent a bombing. Kant says this is wrong because:

A wealthy donor funds hospitals but requires naming rights. A virtue ethicist judges the donor as:

A teacher flunks an entire class because most students failed to submit one assignment. Rawls would say this violates:

A woman speeds to take her father to the hospital and hits another car. Under Double Effect, the harm is:

A restaurant owner bans children to create a quiet environment. Utilitarianism evaluates this based on:

A student refuses to cheat despite pressure from friends. Kant would say the student acts from:

A hospital board uses lottery to allocate scarce kidneys. Rawls might object because:

A company replaces humans with robots. A virtue ethicist asks whether the decision demonstrates:

A mother lies to her child about a painful medical procedure to prevent anxiety. Kant says:

A village cuts education funding to build a resort. Utilitarians object because:

A wealthy employer pays workers below living wage because it is legal. Rawls would say the pay is unjust if:

A doctor chooses to treat the patient with the highest survival chance. Utilitarianism supports this because:

A girl steals her bully’s wallet to “teach a lesson.” Kant says:

A principal expels a student for breaking rules once. Virtue ethics would ask whether the punishment shows:

A physicist falsifies minor data to match theory. Natural law condemns this because it violates:

A city taxes the rich heavily to fund universal healthcare. Rawls supports this if:

A priest refuses to baptize a child of unmarried parents. Virtue ethics criticizes this for lacking:

A soldier risks his life to save comrades. A virtue ethicist would call this:

A judge sentences a poor thief more harshly than a wealthy fraudster. Rawls says justice is violated because:

A mother refuses life-saving surgery for religious reasons. Natural law critiques her because she violates:

A manager pressures workers to work overtime “voluntarily.” Kant calls this:

A school prioritizes sports over academics. Utilitarianism objects if:

A doctor refuses to give antibiotics for a viral infection though patients demand it. Kant says the doctor acts:

A government restricts speech to reduce misinformation. Mill’s Harm Principle opposes this if:

A community allows only wealthy families to vote in local elections. Rawls would say this violates:

A father gives his children full freedom even when harmful. Virtue ethics says he lacks:

A business lies about sustainability to gain customers. Kantian ethics says this is:

A scientist clones human organs to save lives. Natural law may object because:

A university admits students purely on exam scores. Rawls says this is unfair if:

A boss demotes a worker to motivate others. Virtue ethics says the act lacks:

A doctor withholds treatment from smokers to “teach them a lesson.” Kant says:

A town cuts arts funding for a military base. Utilitarianism supports the cut if:

A nurse lies to keep a patient calm before surgery. Kant says this is wrong because:

A student refuses to help a peer because “no one helped me.” Rawls objects because:

A company automates dangerous jobs. Natural law approves because:

A man lies to impress others. Virtue ethics condemns this because it lacks:

A company hires only men for leadership because “men lead better.” A Rawlsian says this violates:

An officer kills an attacker to protect civilians. According to Double Effect, the action is:

A teacher inflates grades to make her school look good. Kant says this is:

A city spends millions on statues while hospitals lack supplies. Utilitarians object because:

A father forces his child into a career. Virtue ethics objects because it lacks:

A landowner allows only wealthy families to rent rooms. Rawls objects because:

A medic treats enemy soldiers equally. Kant calls this:

A school suspends a student for questioning rules respectfully. Virtue ethics says the school lacks:

A doctor gives unnecessary tests to increase hospital revenue. Kant says this uses patients:

A government distributes vaccines first to high-income earners. A Rawlsian critique:

A nurse refuses to help a dying patient because it is “not her shift.” Virtue ethics says she lacks:

The Hedonistic Calculus includes all EXCEPT:

Bentham believed morality is determined by:

Mill distinguished between:

True or False: Mill believed higher pleasures require human rational capacities.

The first principle of natural law is:

True or False: Natural law is humans’ participation in eternal law.

According to Kant, the only thing good without qualification is:

The categorical imperative is:

True or False: Kant says an act has moral worth only when performed from duty.

Rawls’ veil of ignorance ensures principles are chosen:

True or False: In Rawls’ theory, liberty must be equal for all.

The Difference Principle requires inequalities to benefit:

Virtue ethics focuses primarily on:

True or False: For Aristotle, eudaimonia means momentary pleasure.

Natural inclinations include all EXCEPT:

Mill’s Harm Principle allows restricting liberty when actions:

True or False: Bentham believed all pleasures are equal.

Kant believed moral laws must be:

Rawls’ equal liberty principle guarantees:

Virtue is defined as a mean between:

True or False: Justice as fairness begins with the basic structure of society.

Double Effect requires all EXCEPT:

Kantian ethics emphasizes:

According to natural law, moral truths are objective.

Virtue ethics says virtue is cultivated by:

Rawls’ original position is:

In Mill, rights are grounded in utility.

Kant calls treating people merely as means a violation of:

Natural law rejects relativism because:

For Aristotle, virtue requires both right reason and right desire.

Mill believed society should intervene in actions that:

The categorical imperative demands:

Rawls allows inequality if it benefits everyone.

Bentham’s calculus measures pleasure in:

Virtue ethics claims that flourishing is:

Natural law includes inclinations toward social and political life.

Kant’s hypothetical imperative is based on:

Rawls’ theory is rooted in:

According to Aristotle, happiness is chosen for its own sake.

The Harm Principle protects:

Justice requires eliminating all economic inequality.

Double Effect forbids:

Mill defended liberty because:

Treating persons as ends requires respecting rational nature.

A primary criticism of virtue ethics is that it is:

Natural law holds morality is known through:

Rawls’ theory applies only to ideal societies.

According to Kant, moral autonomy means:

Virtue ethics says vice includes:

For natural law, morality comes from God’s arbitrary commands.

In utilitarianism, motives matter:

Rawls prefers the veil of ignorance because it:

Kant believes good will is good because of what it accomplishes.

Mill held that liberty can be restricted if:

Virtue ethics says moral education requires:

The Difference Principle requires equal outcomes.

Natural law says immoral acts violate:

Kant’s universal law test checks for:

Virtue ethics is self-centered because it focuses on the agent’s character.

Utilitarianism demands impartiality because:

Natural law assumes belief in God is necessary.

Rawls opposes utilitarianism because it:

Kant thinks moral laws come from:

Aristotle believed anyone can become virtuous by habit.

Virtue ethics says flourishing includes:

Rawls says everyone must have identical wealth.

Bentham is associated with: