a. Engaging in hobbies and personal interests can have a profound impact on overall well-being.

b. These activities provide a much-needed break from the routine of daily life.

c. Dear Sam, I've been reflecting on our discussion about balancing work and personal life.

d. Hobbies also allow for personal growth and skill development.

e. Gardening, painting, or playing a musical instrument can foster creativity and boost self-esteem.

a.  In my opinion, the benefits are greater, and people will find a way to adapt to the new lifestyle.

b. Smart cities are built on new technologies to improve people’s life.

c. Let’s start with the advantages. Living in a smart city can reduce the negative impact on the environment.

d. In conclusion, there are both advantages and disadvantages of living in a smart city.

e. What about the disadvantages? Smart cities can also affect people’s private life.

a. Shall we meet at 10 A.M?

b. I am so glad to come and try some recipes from the book with you.

c. Hi Gloria,

d. Please tell me if I need to buy something in advance.

e. Thank you for inviting me to your house this Sunday.

a. Due to the economic growth, more and more people moved from rural areas to cities over three decades since 1970.

b. By the early 2000s, urban and rural populations in Thailand were nearly the same.

c. Urbanisation in Thailand started in the mid-1900s with around 20% of people living in cities by the early 1970s.

d. From then on, the number of city dwellers has continued to grow steadily.

e. Today, Thailand is one of the most urbanised countries in Southeast Asia, with over 50% of its population living in urban centres.

Reading is an essential skill that enhances our cognitive abilities in many ways. Firstly, it improves our language skills. When we read, we learn new words and understand how they are used in context, (6)

            . This helps in expanding our vocabulary and improving our communication skills. Secondly, reading boosts our imagination and creativity.(7)  , it takes us to different worlds and

situations we might not experience in real life. This stimulates our creativity and helps us think outside the box. Thirdly, regular reading enhances our concentration and focus. It requires us to pay attention to details and follow complex narratives, (8)  . Additionally, reading provides us with knowledge about various subjects and cultures. It allows us to gain insights into (9)   . This broadens our perspective and helps us become more empathetic and understanding. Finally, reading is a great way to relax and de-stress. It can be a form of escapism, where we can lose ourselves in a story and forget about (10)                     , and provides a much-needed break. In conclusion, reading is not just a leisure activity. It plays a significant role in our cognitive development, helping us to (11) _________ .Therefore, it's important to cultivate a habit of reading from a young age.

(6)___________?

Reading is an essential skill that enhances our cognitive abilities in many ways. Firstly, it improves our language skills. When we read, we learn new words and understand how they are used in context, (6)

            . This helps in expanding our vocabulary and improving our communication skills. Secondly, reading boosts our imagination and creativity.(7)  , it takes us to different worlds and

situations we might not experience in real life. This stimulates our creativity and helps us think outside the box. Thirdly, regular reading enhances our concentration and focus. It requires us to pay attention to details and follow complex narratives, (8)  . Additionally, reading provides us with knowledge about various subjects and cultures. It allows us to gain insights into (9)   . This broadens our perspective and helps us become more empathetic and understanding. Finally, reading is a great way to relax and de-stress. It can be a form of escapism, where we can lose ourselves in a story and forget about (10)                     , and provides a much-needed break. In conclusion, reading is not just a leisure activity. It plays a significant role in our cognitive development, helping us to (11) _________ .Therefore, it's important to cultivate a habit of reading from a young age.

(7)_______?

Reading is an essential skill that enhances our cognitive abilities in many ways. Firstly, it improves our language skills. When we read, we learn new words and understand how they are used in context, (6)

            . This helps in expanding our vocabulary and improving our communication skills. Secondly, reading boosts our imagination and creativity.(7)  , it takes us to different worlds and

situations we might not experience in real life. This stimulates our creativity and helps us think outside the box. Thirdly, regular reading enhances our concentration and focus. It requires us to pay attention to details and follow complex narratives, (8)  . Additionally, reading provides us with knowledge about various subjects and cultures. It allows us to gain insights into (9)   . This broadens our perspective and helps us become more empathetic and understanding. Finally, reading is a great way to relax and de-stress. It can be a form of escapism, where we can lose ourselves in a story and forget about (10)                     , and provides a much-needed break. In conclusion, reading is not just a leisure activity. It plays a significant role in our cognitive development, helping us to (11) _________ .Therefore, it's important to cultivate a habit of reading from a young age.

(8)______?

Reading is an essential skill that enhances our cognitive abilities in many ways. Firstly, it improves our language skills. When we read, we learn new words and understand how they are used in context, (6)

            . This helps in expanding our vocabulary and improving our communication skills. Secondly, reading boosts our imagination and creativity.(7)  , it takes us to different worlds and

situations we might not experience in real life. This stimulates our creativity and helps us think outside the box. Thirdly, regular reading enhances our concentration and focus. It requires us to pay attention to details and follow complex narratives, (8)  . Additionally, reading provides us with knowledge about various subjects and cultures. It allows us to gain insights into (9)   . This broadens our perspective and helps us become more empathetic and understanding. Finally, reading is a great way to relax and de-stress. It can be a form of escapism, where we can lose ourselves in a story and forget about (10)                     , and provides a much-needed break. In conclusion, reading is not just a leisure activity. It plays a significant role in our cognitive development, helping us to (11) _________ .Therefore, it's important to cultivate a habit of reading from a young age.

(9)

Reading is an essential skill that enhances our cognitive abilities in many ways. Firstly, it improves our language skills. When we read, we learn new words and understand how they are used in context, (6)

            . This helps in expanding our vocabulary and improving our communication skills. Secondly, reading boosts our imagination and creativity.(7)  , it takes us to different worlds and

situations we might not experience in real life. This stimulates our creativity and helps us think outside the box. Thirdly, regular reading enhances our concentration and focus. It requires us to pay attention to details and follow complex narratives, (8)  . Additionally, reading provides us with knowledge about various subjects and cultures. It allows us to gain insights into (9)   . This broadens our perspective and helps us become more empathetic and understanding. Finally, reading is a great way to relax and de-stress. It can be a form of escapism, where we can lose ourselves in a story and forget about (10)                     , and provides a much-needed break. In conclusion, reading is not just a leisure activity. It plays a significant role in our cognitive development, helping us to (11) _________ .Therefore, it's important to cultivate a habit of reading from a young age.

(10)__________?

Reading is an essential skill that enhances our cognitive abilities in many ways. Firstly, it improves our language skills. When we read, we learn new words and understand how they are used in context, (6)

            . This helps in expanding our vocabulary and improving our communication skills. Secondly, reading boosts our imagination and creativity.(7)  , it takes us to different worlds and

situations we might not experience in real life. This stimulates our creativity and helps us think outside the box. Thirdly, regular reading enhances our concentration and focus. It requires us to pay attention to details and follow complex narratives, (8)  . Additionally, reading provides us with knowledge about various subjects and cultures. It allows us to gain insights into (9)   . This broadens our perspective and helps us become more empathetic and understanding. Finally, reading is a great way to relax and de-stress. It can be a form of escapism, where we can lose ourselves in a story and forget about (10)                     , and provides a much-needed break. In conclusion, reading is not just a leisure activity. It plays a significant role in our cognitive development, helping us to (11) _________ .Therefore, it's important to cultivate a habit of reading from a young age.

(11)_______?

The American city of Miami was (12)                                     in 1896 by Julia Tuttle, a wealthy Florida businesswoman. From a population then of just 300, it has become a vast urban area of 5.5 million (13)         , attracting visitors from all over the world. Its ( 14 )             mean it can easily be accessed by road, rail, air or sea. The city’s continuing growth as a tourist and financial centre has led to a construction boom. (15 )                          of new buildings are over 120 metres in height, giving Miami the most impressive skyline in the country after New York and Chicago. Its wide variety of ( 16 )              includes sandy beaches, nightclubs, music and dancing, as well as activities such as skateboarding and cycling in the world-famous, fashionable South Beach area. The city centre has a (17)             of delightful parks and gardens, and of course there is the wonderful weather: (18)      any other major cities in The USA, it has a genuinely tropical (19)             .

(12)__________?

The American city of Miami was (12)                                     in 1896 by Julia Tuttle, a wealthy Florida businesswoman. From a population then of just 300, it has become a vast urban area of 5.5 million (13)         , attracting visitors from all over the world. Its ( 14 )             mean it can easily be accessed by road, rail, air or sea. The city’s continuing growth as a tourist and financial centre has led to a construction boom. (15 )                          of new buildings are over 120 metres in height, giving Miami the most impressive skyline in the country after New York and Chicago. Its wide variety of ( 16 )              includes sandy beaches, nightclubs, music and dancing, as well as activities such as skateboarding and cycling in the world-famous, fashionable South Beach area. The city centre has a (17)             of delightful parks and gardens, and of course there is the wonderful weather: (18)      any other major cities in The USA, it has a genuinely tropical (19)             .

(13)__________?

The American city of Miami was (12)                                     in 1896 by Julia Tuttle, a wealthy Florida businesswoman. From a population then of just 300, it has become a vast urban area of 5.5 million (13)         , attracting visitors from all over the world. Its ( 14 )             mean it can easily be accessed by road, rail, air or sea. The city’s continuing growth as a tourist and financial centre has led to a construction boom. (15 )                          of new buildings are over 120 metres in height, giving Miami the most impressive skyline in the country after New York and Chicago. Its wide variety of ( 16 )              includes sandy beaches, nightclubs, music and dancing, as well as activities such as skateboarding and cycling in the world-famous, fashionable South Beach area. The city centre has a (17)             of delightful parks and gardens, and of course there is the wonderful weather: (18)      any other major cities in The USA, it has a genuinely tropical (19)             .

(14)________?

The American city of Miami was (12)                                     in 1896 by Julia Tuttle, a wealthy Florida businesswoman. From a population then of just 300, it has become a vast urban area of 5.5 million (13)         , attracting visitors from all over the world. Its ( 14 )             mean it can easily be accessed by road, rail, air or sea. The city’s continuing growth as a tourist and financial centre has led to a construction boom. (15 )                          of new buildings are over 120 metres in height, giving Miami the most impressive skyline in the country after New York and Chicago. Its wide variety of ( 16 )              includes sandy beaches, nightclubs, music and dancing, as well as activities such as skateboarding and cycling in the world-famous, fashionable South Beach area. The city centre has a (17)             of delightful parks and gardens, and of course there is the wonderful weather: (18)      any other major cities in The USA, it has a genuinely tropical (19)             .

(15)__________

The American city of Miami was (12)                                     in 1896 by Julia Tuttle, a wealthy Florida businesswoman. From a population then of just 300, it has become a vast urban area of 5.5 million (13)         , attracting visitors from all over the world. Its ( 14 )             mean it can easily be accessed by road, rail, air or sea. The city’s continuing growth as a tourist and financial centre has led to a construction boom. (15 )                          of new buildings are over 120 metres in height, giving Miami the most impressive skyline in the country after New York and Chicago. Its wide variety of ( 16 )              includes sandy beaches, nightclubs, music and dancing, as well as activities such as skateboarding and cycling in the world-famous, fashionable South Beach area. The city centre has a (17)             of delightful parks and gardens, and of course there is the wonderful weather: (18)      any other major cities in The USA, it has a genuinely tropical (19)             .

(16)________?

The American city of Miami was (12)                                     in 1896 by Julia Tuttle, a wealthy Florida businesswoman. From a population then of just 300, it has become a vast urban area of 5.5 million (13)         , attracting visitors from all over the world. Its ( 14 )             mean it can easily be accessed by road, rail, air or sea. The city’s continuing growth as a tourist and financial centre has led to a construction boom. (15 )                          of new buildings are over 120 metres in height, giving Miami the most impressive skyline in the country after New York and Chicago. Its wide variety of ( 16 )              includes sandy beaches, nightclubs, music and dancing, as well as activities such as skateboarding and cycling in the world-famous, fashionable South Beach area. The city centre has a (17)             of delightful parks and gardens, and of course there is the wonderful weather: (18)      any other major cities in The USA, it has a genuinely tropical (19)             .

(17)_______?

The American city of Miami was (12)                                     in 1896 by Julia Tuttle, a wealthy Florida businesswoman. From a population then of just 300, it has become a vast urban area of 5.5 million (13)         , attracting visitors from all over the world. Its ( 14 )             mean it can easily be accessed by road, rail, air or sea. The city’s continuing growth as a tourist and financial centre has led to a construction boom. (15 )                          of new buildings are over 120 metres in height, giving Miami the most impressive skyline in the country after New York and Chicago. Its wide variety of ( 16 )              includes sandy beaches, nightclubs, music and dancing, as well as activities such as skateboarding and cycling in the world-famous, fashionable South Beach area. The city centre has a (17)             of delightful parks and gardens, and of course there is the wonderful weather: (18)      any other major cities in The USA, it has a genuinely tropical (19)             .

(18)_______?

The American city of Miami was (12)                                     in 1896 by Julia Tuttle, a wealthy Florida businesswoman. From a population then of just 300, it has become a vast urban area of 5.5 million (13)         , attracting visitors from all over the world. Its ( 14 )             mean it can easily be accessed by road, rail, air or sea. The city’s continuing growth as a tourist and financial centre has led to a construction boom. (15 )                          of new buildings are over 120 metres in height, giving Miami the most impressive skyline in the country after New York and Chicago. Its wide variety of ( 16 )              includes sandy beaches, nightclubs, music and dancing, as well as activities such as skateboarding and cycling in the world-famous, fashionable South Beach area. The city centre has a (17)             of delightful parks and gardens, and of course there is the wonderful weather: (18)      any other major cities in The USA, it has a genuinely tropical (19)             .

(19)_________?

In the early days of ecotourism, around the 1950s and 1960s, travellers began to recognize the importance of nature and protecting it while enjoying it. Although the term "ecotourism" didn't gain widespread recognition

until the 1990s, the ideas and practices associated with it were already evolving. During this period, people who loved nature started exploring natural areas like national parks and jungles, aiming to understand and respect nature, not harm it. They wanted to see animals, birds, and beautiful landscapes up close while also learning about the environment and the creatures living there. The concept of ecotourism was closely tied to the idea of sustainable travel, which meant ensuring that the natural places and wildlife remained safe and unharmed while tourists enjoyed them. Early ecotourists often travelled in smaller groups and stayed in simple accommodations like tents or eco-friendly lodges. Knowledgeable guides helped them learn about the plants and animals in these areas. Moreover, another important principle was supporting local communities. Early ecotourism aimed to benefit the people living near these natural areas by ensuring that the money spent by tourists could improve their lives without harming the environment. This approach focused on teaching people how to travel without causing damage to nature. It represented a new way of exploring the world, not just for enjoyment, but also for understanding and protecting the beautiful planet we all share. Over the years, ecotourism has continued to grow and evolve, gaining recognition in the 1990s as a more formal and widespread approach to travel, all while preserving nature and local cultures and creating meaningful and responsible experiences for travellers.

What is the main idea of the passage?

In the early days of ecotourism, around the 1950s and 1960s, travellers began to recognize the importance of nature and protecting it while enjoying it. Although the term "ecotourism" didn't gain widespread recognition

until the 1990s, the ideas and practices associated with it were already evolving. During this period, people who loved nature started exploring natural areas like national parks and jungles, aiming to understand and respect nature, not harm it. They wanted to see animals, birds, and beautiful landscapes up close while also learning about the environment and the creatures living there. The concept of ecotourism was closely tied to the idea of sustainable travel, which meant ensuring that the natural places and wildlife remained safe and unharmed while tourists enjoyed them. Early ecotourists often travelled in smaller groups and stayed in simple accommodations like tents or eco-friendly lodges. Knowledgeable guides helped them learn about the plants and animals in these areas. Moreover, another important principle was supporting local communities. Early ecotourism aimed to benefit the people living near these natural areas by ensuring that the money spent by tourists could improve their lives without harming the environment. This approach focused on teaching people how to travel without causing damage to nature. It represented a new way of exploring the world, not just for enjoyment, but also for understanding and protecting the beautiful planet we all share. Over the years, ecotourism has continued to grow and evolve, gaining recognition in the 1990s as a more formal and widespread approach to travel, all while preserving nature and local cultures and creating meaningful and responsible experiences for travellers.

The word “ecotourism” became popular in             .

In the early days of ecotourism, around the 1950s and 1960s, travellers began to recognize the importance of nature and protecting it while enjoying it. Although the term "ecotourism" didn't gain widespread recognition

until the 1990s, the ideas and practices associated with it were already evolving. During this period, people who loved nature started exploring natural areas like national parks and jungles, aiming to understand and respect nature, not harm it. They wanted to see animals, birds, and beautiful landscapes up close while also learning about the environment and the creatures living there. The concept of ecotourism was closely tied to the idea of sustainable travel, which meant ensuring that the natural places and wildlife remained safe and unharmed while tourists enjoyed them. Early ecotourists often travelled in smaller groups and stayed in simple accommodations like tents or eco-friendly lodges. Knowledgeable guides helped them learn about the plants and animals in these areas. Moreover, another important principle was supporting local communities. Early ecotourism aimed to benefit the people living near these natural areas by ensuring that the money spent by tourists could improve their lives without harming the environment. This approach focused on teaching people how to travel without causing damage to nature. It represented a new way of exploring the world, not just for enjoyment, but also for understanding and protecting the beautiful planet we all share. Over the years, ecotourism has continued to grow and evolve, gaining recognition in the 1990s as a more formal and widespread approach to travel, all while preserving nature and local cultures and creating meaningful and responsible experiences for travellers.

Early ecotourists             .

In the early days of ecotourism, around the 1950s and 1960s, travellers began to recognize the importance of nature and protecting it while enjoying it. Although the term "ecotourism" didn't gain widespread recognition

until the 1990s, the ideas and practices associated with it were already evolving. During this period, people who loved nature started exploring natural areas like national parks and jungles, aiming to understand and respect nature, not harm it. They wanted to see animals, birds, and beautiful landscapes up close while also learning about the environment and the creatures living there. The concept of ecotourism was closely tied to the idea of sustainable travel, which meant ensuring that the natural places and wildlife remained safe and unharmed while tourists enjoyed them. Early ecotourists often travelled in smaller groups and stayed in simple accommodations like tents or eco-friendly lodges. Knowledgeable guides helped them learn about the plants and animals in these areas. Moreover, another important principle was supporting local communities. Early ecotourism aimed to benefit the people living near these natural areas by ensuring that the money spent by tourists could improve their lives without harming the environment. This approach focused on teaching people how to travel without causing damage to nature. It represented a new way of exploring the world, not just for enjoyment, but also for understanding and protecting the beautiful planet we all share. Over the years, ecotourism has continued to grow and evolve, gaining recognition in the 1990s as a more formal and widespread approach to travel, all while preserving nature and local cultures and creating meaningful and responsible experiences for travellers.

Ecotourism helps             .

In the early days of ecotourism, around the 1950s and 1960s, travellers began to recognize the importance of nature and protecting it while enjoying it. Although the term "ecotourism" didn't gain widespread recognition

until the 1990s, the ideas and practices associated with it were already evolving. During this period, people who loved nature started exploring natural areas like national parks and jungles, aiming to understand and respect nature, not harm it. They wanted to see animals, birds, and beautiful landscapes up close while also learning about the environment and the creatures living there. The concept of ecotourism was closely tied to the idea of sustainable travel, which meant ensuring that the natural places and wildlife remained safe and unharmed while tourists enjoyed them. Early ecotourists often travelled in smaller groups and stayed in simple accommodations like tents or eco-friendly lodges. Knowledgeable guides helped them learn about the plants and animals in these areas. Moreover, another important principle was supporting local communities. Early ecotourism aimed to benefit the people living near these natural areas by ensuring that the money spent by tourists could improve their lives without harming the environment. This approach focused on teaching people how to travel without causing damage to nature. It represented a new way of exploring the world, not just for enjoyment, but also for understanding and protecting the beautiful planet we all share. Over the years, ecotourism has continued to grow and evolve, gaining recognition in the 1990s as a more formal and widespread approach to travel, all while preserving nature and local cultures and creating meaningful and responsible experiences for travellers.

The word “widespread” is closest in meaning to             .

In the early days of ecotourism, around the 1950s and 1960s, travellers began to recognize the importance of nature and protecting it while enjoying it. Although the term "ecotourism" didn't gain widespread recognition

until the 1990s, the ideas and practices associated with it were already evolving. During this period, people who loved nature started exploring natural areas like national parks and jungles, aiming to understand and respect nature, not harm it. They wanted to see animals, birds, and beautiful landscapes up close while also learning about the environment and the creatures living there. The concept of ecotourism was closely tied to the idea of sustainable travel, which meant ensuring that the natural places and wildlife remained safe and unharmed while tourists enjoyed them. Early ecotourists often travelled in smaller groups and stayed in simple accommodations like tents or eco-friendly lodges. Knowledgeable guides helped them learn about the plants and animals in these areas. Moreover, another important principle was supporting local communities. Early ecotourism aimed to benefit the people living near these natural areas by ensuring that the money spent by tourists could improve their lives without harming the environment. This approach focused on teaching people how to travel without causing damage to nature. It represented a new way of exploring the world, not just for enjoyment, but also for understanding and protecting the beautiful planet we all share. Over the years, ecotourism has continued to grow and evolve, gaining recognition in the 1990s as a more formal and widespread approach to travel, all while preserving nature and local cultures and creating meaningful and responsible experiences for travellers.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in the passage?

Nomophobia, short for "no-mobile-phone phobia," is a modern phenomenon that affects many people in today's digital age. It is the irrational fear of being without one's mobile phone or being unable to use it. This condition can cause anxiety and distress, and it highlights the profound impact mobile devices have on our lives. The fear of losing or being separated from one's phone is a growing concern. Some common situations that trigger nomophobia include misplacing one's phone, running out of battery, or losing network signal. The fear intensifies when people imagine not having their phones to contact friends and family, access the internet, or use GPS for navigation.

Nomophobia is not limited to any age group and can affect individuals of all backgrounds. It often becomes evident when people experience panic or anxiety when they forget their phones at home or are unable to use them temporarily. Symptoms may include restlessness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a sense of insecurity. The roots of nomophobia lie in the convenience and connectedness that mobile phones provide. These devices have become integral to our daily lives, serving as not just communication tools but also cameras, entertainment hubs, personal organizers, and more. This dependence on mobile phones can lead to a feeling of vulnerability when separated from them.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

Nomophobia, short for "no-mobile-phone phobia," is a modern phenomenon that affects many people in today's digital age. It is the irrational fear of being without one's mobile phone or being unable to use it. This condition can cause anxiety and distress, and it highlights the profound impact mobile devices have on our lives. The fear of losing or being separated from one's phone is a growing concern. Some common situations that trigger nomophobia include misplacing one's phone, running out of battery, or losing network signal. The fear intensifies when people imagine not having their phones to contact friends and family, access the internet, or use GPS for navigation.

Nomophobia is not limited to any age group and can affect individuals of all backgrounds. It often becomes evident when people experience panic or anxiety when they forget their phones at home or are unable to use them temporarily. Symptoms may include restlessness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a sense of insecurity. The roots of nomophobia lie in the convenience and connectedness that mobile phones provide. These devices have become integral to our daily lives, serving as not just communication tools but also cameras, entertainment hubs, personal organizers, and more. This dependence on mobile phones can lead to a feeling of vulnerability when separated from them.

Nomophobia gets triggered when _____.

Nomophobia, short for "no-mobile-phone phobia," is a modern phenomenon that affects many people in today's digital age. It is the irrational fear of being without one's mobile phone or being unable to use it. This condition can cause anxiety and distress, and it highlights the profound impact mobile devices have on our lives. The fear of losing or being separated from one's phone is a growing concern. Some common situations that trigger nomophobia include misplacing one's phone, running out of battery, or losing network signal. The fear intensifies when people imagine not having their phones to contact friends and family, access the internet, or use GPS for navigation.

Nomophobia is not limited to any age group and can affect individuals of all backgrounds. It often becomes evident when people experience panic or anxiety when they forget their phones at home or are unable to use them temporarily. Symptoms may include restlessness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a sense of insecurity. The roots of nomophobia lie in the convenience and connectedness that mobile phones provide. These devices have become integral to our daily lives, serving as not just communication tools but also cameras, entertainment hubs, personal organizers, and more. This dependence on mobile phones can lead to a feeling of vulnerability when separated from them.

Nomophobia can be found in anyone regardless of _____.

Nomophobia, short for "no-mobile-phone phobia," is a modern phenomenon that affects many people in today's digital age. It is the irrational fear of being without one's mobile phone or being unable to use it. This condition can cause anxiety and distress, and it highlights the profound impact mobile devices have on our lives. The fear of losing or being separated from one's phone is a growing concern. Some common situations that trigger nomophobia include misplacing one's phone, running out of battery, or losing network signal. The fear intensifies when people imagine not having their phones to contact friends and family, access the internet, or use GPS for navigation.

Nomophobia is not limited to any age group and can affect individuals of all backgrounds. It often becomes evident when people experience panic or anxiety when they forget their phones at home or are unable to use them temporarily. Symptoms may include restlessness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a sense of insecurity. The roots of nomophobia lie in the convenience and connectedness that mobile phones provide. These devices have become integral to our daily lives, serving as not just communication tools but also cameras, entertainment hubs, personal organizers, and more. This dependence on mobile phones can lead to a feeling of vulnerability when separated from them.

The pronoun “it” refers to _____.

Nomophobia, short for "no-mobile-phone phobia," is a modern phenomenon that affects many people in today's digital age. It is the irrational fear of being without one's mobile phone or being unable to use it. This condition can cause anxiety and distress, and it highlights the profound impact mobile devices have on our lives. The fear of losing or being separated from one's phone is a growing concern. Some common situations that trigger nomophobia include misplacing one's phone, running out of battery, or losing network signal. The fear intensifies when people imagine not having their phones to contact friends and family, access the internet, or use GPS for navigation.

Nomophobia is not limited to any age group and can affect individuals of all backgrounds. It often becomes evident when people experience panic or anxiety when they forget their phones at home or are unable to use them temporarily. Symptoms may include restlessness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a sense of insecurity. The roots of nomophobia lie in the convenience and connectedness that mobile phones provide. These devices have become integral to our daily lives, serving as not just communication tools but also cameras, entertainment hubs, personal organizers, and more. This dependence on mobile phones can lead to a feeling of vulnerability when separated from them.

Which of these is NOT a symptom of nomophobia?

Nomophobia, short for "no-mobile-phone phobia," is a modern phenomenon that affects many people in today's digital age. It is the irrational fear of being without one's mobile phone or being unable to use it. This condition can cause anxiety and distress, and it highlights the profound impact mobile devices have on our lives. The fear of losing or being separated from one's phone is a growing concern. Some common situations that trigger nomophobia include misplacing one's phone, running out of battery, or losing network signal. The fear intensifies when people imagine not having their phones to contact friends and family, access the internet, or use GPS for navigation.

Nomophobia is not limited to any age group and can affect individuals of all backgrounds. It often becomes evident when people experience panic or anxiety when they forget their phones at home or are unable to use them temporarily. Symptoms may include restlessness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a sense of insecurity. The roots of nomophobia lie in the convenience and connectedness that mobile phones provide. These devices have become integral to our daily lives, serving as not just communication tools but also cameras, entertainment hubs, personal organizers, and more. This dependence on mobile phones can lead to a feeling of vulnerability when separated from them.

It can be inferred from the passage that _____.

Nomophobia, short for "no-mobile-phone phobia," is a modern phenomenon that affects many people in today's digital age. It is the irrational fear of being without one's mobile phone or being unable to use it. This condition can cause anxiety and distress, and it highlights the profound impact mobile devices have on our lives. The fear of losing or being separated from one's phone is a growing concern. Some common situations that trigger nomophobia include misplacing one's phone, running out of battery, or losing network signal. The fear intensifies when people imagine not having their phones to contact friends and family, access the internet, or use GPS for navigation.

Nomophobia is not limited to any age group and can affect individuals of all backgrounds. It often becomes evident when people experience panic or anxiety when they forget their phones at home or are unable to use them temporarily. Symptoms may include restlessness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a sense of insecurity. The roots of nomophobia lie in the convenience and connectedness that mobile phones provide. These devices have become integral to our daily lives, serving as not just communication tools but also cameras, entertainment hubs, personal organizers, and more. This dependence on mobile phones can lead to a feeling of vulnerability when separated from them.

The word “vulnerability” is closest in meaning to _____.

Nomophobia, short for "no-mobile-phone phobia," is a modern phenomenon that affects many people in today's digital age. It is the irrational fear of being without one's mobile phone or being unable to use it. This condition can cause anxiety and distress, and it highlights the profound impact mobile devices have on our lives. The fear of losing or being separated from one's phone is a growing concern. Some common situations that trigger nomophobia include misplacing one's phone, running out of battery, or losing network signal. The fear intensifies when people imagine not having their phones to contact friends and family, access the internet, or use GPS for navigation.

Nomophobia is not limited to any age group and can affect individuals of all backgrounds. It often becomes evident when people experience panic or anxiety when they forget their phones at home or are unable to use them temporarily. Symptoms may include restlessness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a sense of insecurity. The roots of nomophobia lie in the convenience and connectedness that mobile phones provide. These devices have become integral to our daily lives, serving as not just communication tools but also cameras, entertainment hubs, personal organizers, and more. This dependence on mobile phones can lead to a feeling of vulnerability when separated from them.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?

Good communication is one of the most important soft skills. It can help young people not only find the job they want, but also ( 34 )                                  promoted to a leadership position. Most companies put communication skills at the top of their requirement list (35)                            it is the foundation for building successful business relationships. Recruiters always look for excellent communicators, (36)                             can not only get their message across, but can also listen to ( 37 )                                         and provide feedback. If candidates can demonstrate good communication skills during their first interview, they will certainly (38)                                      a good impression on interviewers and increase their chances of being invited to a second interview or even being offered the job. Furthermore, good communication in the workplace is essential for creating a positive working environment, which (39)                                        employees to perform better and be more efficient. Good communicators are able not only to express ideas and thoughts clearly and concisely, but also to motivate and inspire others to work (40)

                     a common goal.

(34)_______?

Good communication is one of the most important soft skills. It can help young people not only find the job they want, but also ( 34 )                                  promoted to a leadership position. Most companies put communication skills at the top of their requirement list (35)                            it is the foundation for building successful business relationships. Recruiters always look for excellent communicators, (36)                             can not only get their message across, but can also listen to ( 37 )                                         and provide feedback. If candidates can demonstrate good communication skills during their first interview, they will certainly (38)                                      a good impression on interviewers and increase their chances of being invited to a second interview or even being offered the job. Furthermore, good communication in the workplace is essential for creating a positive working environment, which (39)                                        employees to perform better and be more efficient. Good communicators are able not only to express ideas and thoughts clearly and concisely, but also to motivate and inspire others to work (40)

                     a common goal.

(35)_________?

Good communication is one of the most important soft skills. It can help young people not only find the job they want, but also ( 34 )                                  promoted to a leadership position. Most companies put communication skills at the top of their requirement list (35)                            it is the foundation for building successful business relationships. Recruiters always look for excellent communicators, (36)                             can not only get their message across, but can also listen to ( 37 )                                         and provide feedback. If candidates can demonstrate good communication skills during their first interview, they will certainly (38)                                      a good impression on interviewers and increase their chances of being invited to a second interview or even being offered the job. Furthermore, good communication in the workplace is essential for creating a positive working environment, which (39)                                        employees to perform better and be more efficient. Good communicators are able not only to express ideas and thoughts clearly and concisely, but also to motivate and inspire others to work (40)

                     a common goal.

(36)_______?.

Good communication is one of the most important soft skills. It can help young people not only find the job they want, but also ( 34 )                                  promoted to a leadership position. Most companies put communication skills at the top of their requirement list (35)                            it is the foundation for building successful business relationships. Recruiters always look for excellent communicators, (36)                             can not only get their message across, but can also listen to ( 37 )                                         and provide feedback. If candidates can demonstrate good communication skills during their first interview, they will certainly (38)                                      a good impression on interviewers and increase their chances of being invited to a second interview or even being offered the job. Furthermore, good communication in the workplace is essential for creating a positive working environment, which (39)                                        employees to perform better and be more efficient. Good communicators are able not only to express ideas and thoughts clearly and concisely, but also to motivate and inspire others to work (40)

                     a common goal.

(37)__________?

Good communication is one of the most important soft skills. It can help young people not only find the job they want, but also ( 34 )                                  promoted to a leadership position. Most companies put communication skills at the top of their requirement list (35)                            it is the foundation for building successful business relationships. Recruiters always look for excellent communicators, (36)                             can not only get their message across, but can also listen to ( 37 )                                         and provide feedback. If candidates can demonstrate good communication skills during their first interview, they will certainly (38)                                      a good impression on interviewers and increase their chances of being invited to a second interview or even being offered the job. Furthermore, good communication in the workplace is essential for creating a positive working environment, which (39)                                        employees to perform better and be more efficient. Good communicators are able not only to express ideas and thoughts clearly and concisely, but also to motivate and inspire others to work (40)

                     a common goal.

(38)_______?

Good communication is one of the most important soft skills. It can help young people not only find the job they want, but also ( 34 )                                  promoted to a leadership position. Most companies put communication skills at the top of their requirement list (35)                            it is the foundation for building successful business relationships. Recruiters always look for excellent communicators, (36)                             can not only get their message across, but can also listen to ( 37 )                                         and provide feedback. If candidates can demonstrate good communication skills during their first interview, they will certainly (38)                                      a good impression on interviewers and increase their chances of being invited to a second interview or even being offered the job. Furthermore, good communication in the workplace is essential for creating a positive working environment, which (39)                                        employees to perform better and be more efficient. Good communicators are able not only to express ideas and thoughts clearly and concisely, but also to motivate and inspire others to work (40)

                     a common goal.

(39)___________?

Good communication is one of the most important soft skills. It can help young people not only find the job they want, but also ( 34 )                                  promoted to a leadership position. Most companies put communication skills at the top of their requirement list (35)                            it is the foundation for building successful business relationships. Recruiters always look for excellent communicators, (36)                             can not only get their message across, but can also listen to ( 37 )                                         and provide feedback. If candidates can demonstrate good communication skills during their first interview, they will certainly (38)                                      a good impression on interviewers and increase their chances of being invited to a second interview or even being offered the job. Furthermore, good communication in the workplace is essential for creating a positive working environment, which (39)                                        employees to perform better and be more efficient. Good communicators are able not only to express ideas and thoughts clearly and concisely, but also to motivate and inspire others to work (40)

                     a common goal.

(40)__________?