(G1) A mobile gaming company needs to implement a real-time leaderboard for millions of players. The leaderboard must support high-speed updates and retrieval of player rankings (sorted by score). The data is currently in DynamoDB, but sorting millions of items in real-time is consuming too much throughput. Which solution provides the lowest latency for this specific use case?

(G1) A multi-tenant application uses a single DynamoDB table to store data for multiple users. The Partition Key is UserID. To adhere to the Principle of Least Privilege, the developer needs to ensure that authenticated mobile users can only access their own records and not those of other users. How should the developer configure the IAM policy?

(G1) A media news application hosted on EC2 in us-east-1 uses Amazon Aurora MySQL. The application is expanding to Europe (eu-west-1) and Asia (ap-southeast-1). Users in these regions are experiencing high latency when reading articles. The application requires local read latency in all regions and disaster recovery capability. Which architecture meets these requirements most effectively?

(G1) An e-commerce platform uses a production RDS for PostgreSQL instance. Every morning, the finance team runs complex analytical queries that cause the CPU of the production database to spike to 100%, slowing down customer transactions. What is the most operationally efficient solution to prevent this performance impact?

(G1) A company stores 2 Exabytes of historical log data in Amazon S3. They use Amazon Redshift for their data warehousing. Occasionally, analysts need to join the historical data in S3 with the current daily data in the Redshift cluster. Loading all S3 data into Redshift is too expensive and time-consuming. Which feature allows querying the data in S3 directly from Redshift?

(G1) An application running on EC2 writes logs to an RDS for SQL Server instance. The database storage is filling up faster than anticipated, and the operations team is tired of manually increasing the volume size every week. The team needs a solution that scales storage automatically with zero downtime. What should the Architect enable?

(G1) A DevOps engineer is reviewing a CloudFormation template that deploys an RDS MySQL instance and an EC2 application. Currently, the database password is hardcoded in the template as plain text. This violates security compliance. What is the most secure and automated way to handle the database credentials?

(G1) A team manages a critical Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL production database. They need to apply a major schema change involving dropping columns. They require a staging environment that is an exact copy of production to test the change, and then an immediate switchover mechanism if the test passes, with zero data loss. Which feature is best suited for this workflow?

(G1) To meet banking compliance, every time a manual snapshot of an RDS instance is created, it must be immediately copied to a separate, isolated "Audit" AWS Account. The process must be fully automated and serverless. What is the correct architectural pattern?

(G9) Your application writes user activity logs into a DynamoDB table using userId as the partition key. A small number of users generate extremely high write traffic. CloudWatch shows throttling and hot partitions. Question What is the MOST effective way to resolve the throttling issue?

(G9) Your application running on EC2 must connect to an Amazon RDS MySQL database. Security requires no long-term credentials stored in code or configuration files. Question What is the MOST secure authentication method?

(G9) Your application repeatedly runs identical SQL SELECT queries, causing high CPU utilization on the RDS instance. Question What is the MOST effective method to reduce load?

(G9) A company requires automatic failover for its production MySQL database hosted on Amazon RDS. Question Which solution meets the HA requirement?

(G9) A startup is building a high-traffic API requiring millisecond latency, massive automatic scaling, and simple key-value access patterns. Question Which database is the MOST appropriate?

(G9) Your data team needs to run complex analytical SQL queries (joins, aggregations) on terabytes of clickstream data. Question Which AWS service is best suited for this workload?

(G9) Your CI/CD pipeline deploys application versions that include schema changes to an RDS PostgreSQL database. You must enforce automated, version-controlled migrations. Question Which solution BEST follows DevOps principles?

(G9) A global API receives unpredictable spikes. DynamoDB Auto Scaling reacts too slowly, causing throttling. Question What is the BEST way to handle sudden, unpredictable spikes?

(G9) You need proactive detection and automated remediation when Redis failovers occur. Question Which solution BEST satisfies operational excellence?

(G7) A gaming company needs to cache frequently accessed user profile data to reduce database load on their RDS PostgreSQL instance. User profiles are updated infrequently (once per day), but read thousands of times per second. The cache should handle TTL automatically and support data structures like sorted sets for leaderboards. Which TWO AWS services would BEST meet these requirements?

(G7) A media company stores video metadata in RDS and raw video files in S3. Their analytics team needs to run complex queries joining metadata with S3 log data for business intelligence reports. The current approach of exporting RDS data to S3 and using Athena is taking 6+ hours daily. Which solution provides the FASTEST query performance for this analytics workload?

(G7) A healthcare application stores patient records in RDS with daily automated backups configured. A compliance audit requires that backups must be retained for 7 years and be immutable to prevent tampering. The current backup retention period is set to 35 days. What combination of steps meets these compliance requirements? (Choose TWO)

(G7) A startup is migrating from a self-managed MySQL database on EC2 to RDS. Their application uses several stored procedures and custom MySQL configuration parameters. During testing, they discovered that some configuration parameters cannot be modified in RDS. What is the PRIMARY reason for this limitation?

(G7) A social media company runs Aurora MySQL for their main application database. They need to generate nightly analytics reports that run for 2-3 hours and cause performance degradation on the production cluster. Read replicas are already being used for user-facing queries. Which Aurora-specific feature would BEST isolate the analytics workload?

(G7) A fintech application needs to perform database operations (inserts, updates) across three different tables atomically - either all succeed or all fail. The current RDS MySQL configuration is causing occasional data inconsistencies during high load. Which database configuration must be verified to ensure ACID compliance?

(G7) A company is building a serverless application using Lambda that needs to query user data stored in DynamoDB. The query pattern requires filtering by multiple attributes (email, registration_date, subscription_tier) and the dataset has 50 million records. Scan operations are timing out and consuming excessive read capacity. What is the MOST efficient solution?

(G7) An online learning platform stores course content and metadata in RDS, with video files in S3. They want to implement full-text search across course titles, descriptions, and transcripts (stored in RDS) with sub-second response times for 1 million+ courses. Which architecture provides the BEST performance for this search requirement?

(G2) A global insurance company runs its core transactional database in Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. Compliance requires high availability with automatic failover, and disaster recovery must guarantee data loss < 60 seconds. Cost should be optimized and read replicas are not required.

(G2) An analytics platform queries large datasets from RDS MySQL generating heavy read traffic. Latency has increased and CPU usage is high on the main DB. The business requires faster reads without modifying the application logic. Question: Which architecture should be implemented?

(G2) A startup wants a low-cost disaster recovery strategy for RDS MariaDB. They can tolerate a longer RTO (hours) but require daily backups stored across Regions. Question: Which strategy is most cost-efficient?

(G2) A gaming backend stores user session metadata in RDS. Traffic spikes cause DB contention. Sessions are short-lived and do not need durable storage. Question: Which modification improves scalability and cost?

(G2) A pharmaceutical company synchronizes on-prem Oracle DB with RDS Oracle every hour. They need minimal overhead and bidirectional sync. Question: Which service supports this requirement?

(G2) A social network stores millions of old user records on RDS PostgreSQL, queried only for audits a few times a year. They want lower cost without losing SQL query capability. Question: Which solution provides optimal cost savings?

(G2) An airline company requires active disaster recovery across continents with < 30 seconds replication lag for its Aurora MySQL cluster. Question: Which feature supports this requirement?

(G2) A healthcare organization uses RDS SQL Server and must ensure encryption keys never leave their on-prem HSM, while wanting AWS to perform encryption/decryption automatically. Question: Which solution meets this requirement?

(G4) You manage a production Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance. Security recommends always running on the latest minor version, but the operations team wants zero manual intervention and is worried about unexpected downtime during business hours. What is the best way to ensure the instance is kept up-to-date with minor versions while respecting these concerns?

(G4) A mobile game stores user profiles in an Amazon DynamoDB table with UserID as the partition key. You notice high read/write throttling for some popular users while other partitions are underutilized. You must distribute traffic more evenly without changing how clients look up a profile (they still query by UserID). What should you do?

(G4) You build a serverless backend on API Gateway + Lambda + DynamoDB. A single API call needs to: 1. Deduct credits from a Users table. 2. Insert a record in a Purchases table. Both actions must either succeed or fail together. You want to minimize complexity and keep it fully managed. Which approach is most appropriate?

(G4) Your web application runs on EC2 and uses Amazon RDS MySQL. Reads have increased significantly, and the database experiences high CPU utilization, but writes are still moderate. You need a solution that scales reads, requires minimal changes, and preserves strong write consistency on the primary. What is the best solution?

(G4) A global SaaS product uses DynamoDB in us-east-1. Users in Europe experience high latency. You must improve read/write latency globally and keep data active-active (users in both regions can read and write with automatic replication). Which solution fits best?

(G4) Your application uses RDS PostgreSQL as the source of truth and ElastiCache for Redis for caching product details. Currently, the app: • Reads from the cache first; if missing, reads from RDS and then doesn’t store the result in cache. • Writes to RDS only, and never invalidates the cache. Users often see stale or missing data. What caching strategy should you implement to fix this?

(G4) You are designing a new backend for an e-commerce site. Requirements: • Shopping cart data must be highly available, low-latency, and schema-flexible. • The cart contents can be represented as a JSON document per user. • Strong relational constraints and complex joins are not required. • You want serverless behavior with no capacity planning if possible.

(G3) 1. A company has a critical production RDS MySQL database that is currently unencrypted. Due to compliance requirements, they must encrypt the database with minimal downtime. What is the correct procedure to achieve this?

(G3) 3. A team uses an RDS PostgreSQL database and needs to import terabytes of data from S3 using the 'aws_s3' extension. Despite running the command correctly, they receive a permission error. What configuration is essential for this to work?

(G3) 5. You have an RDS MySQL Multi-AZ deployment. A failure occurs in the primary availability zone, and automatic failover is triggered. What happens to existing application connections and how is service restored?

(G3) 6. You are migrating a legacy Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL using AWS DMS. However, stored procedures and complex views have not been migrated. What tool should you have used for this specific step?

(G3) 7. One of your RDS MySQL Read Replicas has significant Replica Lag. CloudWatch shows the replica's CPU and IOPS are maxed out, but the master is idle. What is the most likely cause?

(G3) 8. A financial company uses RDS SQL Server Enterprise Edition. They require both automatic High Availability (HA) and the ability to offload reads to a secondary replica. Which architecture meets both requirements?

(G3) 9. You are using Amazon Aurora Serverless v1, but notice connection errors during sudden spikes due to slow scaling. You need a solution that scales compute capacity instantly and granularly without dropping connections. What should you use?

(G3) 10. You have enabled 'Enhanced Monitoring' on your RDS instance. What is the main difference between these metrics and standard CloudWatch metrics?

(G8) 2 - Una aplicación de comercio electrónico utiliza una base de datos Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL en una configuración Multi-AZ. La aplicación está experimentando una latencia alta debido a un gran volumen de consultas SELECT generadas por el sistema de reportes. Se requiere una solución que descargue este tráfico de la instancia principal y asegure que los datos de reportes estén disponibles incluso si la instancia principal falla, aunque se tolera una ligera inconsistencia de datos (segundos).

(G8) 3 - Una empresa despliega una aplicación web en tres capas dentro de una VPC: un servidor web en una subred pública, un servidor de aplicaciones en una subred privada y una base de datos RDS MySQL en una subred privada. Los Grupos de Seguridad (Security Groups) deben configurarse siguiendo el principio de menor privilegio. ¿Qué configuración de reglas de entrada (Inbound) es la correcta para el Grupo de Seguridad de la Base de Datos?

(G8) 4 - Una plataforma de juegos online utiliza Amazon DynamoDB para almacenar las puntuaciones de los jugadores en tiempo real. Durante los torneos, la tabla recibe millones de solicitudes de lectura por segundo, y los usuarios exigen tiempos de respuesta en microsegundos. A pesar de aumentar la capacidad aprovisionada, la latencia sigue siendo de milisegundos. ¿Qué solución ofrece el rendimiento requerido de manera más eficiente?

(G8) 5 - Un arquitecto de soluciones está diseñando una nueva aplicación crítica utilizando Amazon Aurora. El requisito es tener tolerancia a fallos automática. Si la instancia principal (Writer) falla, el sistema debe recuperarse automáticamente en menos de un minuto sin intervención manual en la cadena de conexión de la aplicación. ¿Cómo se debe configurar la conexión de la aplicación?

(G8) 6 - Una compañía financiera utiliza una base de datos RDS SQL Server en la región us-east-1. Por normativas legales, deben tener una copia de los datos disponible en la región eu-west-1 para recuperación ante desastres (DR) con un RTO (Recovery Time Objective) bajo. ¿Cuál es la estrategia más efectiva?

(G8) 10 - Un desarrollador junior ha borrado accidentalmente una tabla crítica en la base de datos de producción RDS a las 10:00 AM. La política de copias de seguridad automáticas está configurada con un periodo de retención de 7 días. ¿Cuál es la forma más rápida y precisa de recuperar los datos hasta justo antes del borrado (ej. 09:55 AM)?