The science of behavior and mental processes

The tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

The extent to which a test yields consistent results

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory

The tendency to be overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments

The extent to which a test or experiment measures what it is supposed to measure or predicts what it is supposed to

Bias from people's responding in ways they presume a researcher expects or wishes

A non-experimental technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation

A non-experimental technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.

A non-experimental technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group

A measure of the extent to which 2 factors vary together and thus how well either factor predicts the other

A statistical index of the relationship between 2 things (from -1.00 to +1.00)

In an experiment, the outcome that is measured; the variable that may change

In an experiment, the factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied

In an experiment, a factor other than the factor being studied that might influence a study's results

A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study that allows for replication of the study.

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

A flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample

Numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups; uses measures of central tendency

A statistical statement of how likely it is that a result occurred by chance.

The post-experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose, and any deceptions, to its participants

The ________ is the meeting place between neurons; is a gap or cleft.

_____ are chemical messengers released from a neuron by an action potential.

This occurs when a sending neuron reabsorbs or takes back its neurotransmitters.

These are your body’s natural painkiller.

A(n) _______ increases a neurotransmitters actions by mimicking.

A(n) ________ decreases a neurotransmitters actions by blocking.

______________ sense the outside world and bring it into your body.

___________________ carry signals out to your body so you can move.

___________ are found in your brain and spinal cord and process information.

A ___________ is a nerve cell and is the basic building block of the nervous system

The ________________ is the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

The _________________ is a neuron’s reaction of either firing or not-it can’t fire more or less intensely

The______________ is a neural impulse-a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.

The__________ is the part of a neuron that contains the nucleus; the life-support center

The _______________ is the time in which a neuron cannot fire; a resting pause after an action potential

________ are the part of a neuron that receives messages; they “listen”

The _______________ is part of a neuron that passes messages on to other neurons; it “speaks”

______________ support, nourish, and protect neurons

_________________ is a fatty tissue layer that surrounds the axon allowing faster neural impulse transmission.

_______________ are bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the CNS with muscles, glands, and sense organs.

The _________________ is made up of the brain and spinal cord.

A(n) __________ is an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brain’s surface

A(n)__________ is a technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans-shows function and structure

The _________________ is the “little brain”. It processes sensory input, coordinates movement output and balance, and enables nonverbal learning and memory

The ___________________ controls heartbeat and breathing; located at base of brainstem

The ___________________ is part of the peripheral NS that controls the body’s skeletal muscles

The ___________________ is the part of the autonomic NS that calms the body to conserve energy. Rest and digest

The ___________________ is the part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy. Fight or flight

A ___________________ is tissue destruction

The _______________________ are a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress

The ____________________ is the most influential gland. Controlled by the hypothalamus, it regulates growth and controls the other glands

The _________________ is the brain’s sensory control center located at the top of the brainstem. It directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

The ______________________ is the neural system that is located below the cerebral hemispheres and is associated with emotions and drives

The _____________________ is a nerve network that travels through the brainstem and controls arousal

The _____________________ directs eating, drinking, body temperature, and is linked to rewards

The _____________________ is two lima bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system that are linked to emotions

The _____________________ is a neural center located in the limbic system that helps process for storage explicit memories of facts and events.

Can't remember new information because you keep thinking about old info

Smallest unit of sound that contain meaning (ed, ing)

The tendency for group members to become more extreme in their original beliefs after a discussion

Perspective of psychology that focuses on how we think about and interpret our circumstances

Perspective of psychology that focuses on understanding childhood traumas, dreams, and relies on free-association therapy techniques

Conducting a survey with 10 Dunbar High students would likely lack

Michael noticed that whenever he moved his dog’s food dish, his dog would come into the kitchen and act hungry and excited. He reasoned that because he feeds the dog using that dish, the sound of the dish had become a(n)

Ever since she was scared by a dog as a young child, Angelica has been afraid of all dogs. The fact that she is afraid of not only the original dog but all types of dogs is an example of

In Watson’s experiment with “Little Albert,” the conditioned stimulus was

Which of the following would be an example of vicarious classical conditioning?

Cindy had cheesy tacos at a local Mexican restaurant. Later she became terribly ill and suffered bouts of nausea and vomiting. What might we predict based on conditioned taste aversion research?

Students are accustomed to a bell ringing to indicate the end of a class period. The principal decides to substitute popular music for the bell to indicate the end of each class period. Students quickly respond to the music in the same way they did to the bell. What principle does this illustrate?

In classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus

Classical conditioning is the type of learning in which a person links two or more stimuli and

If you have a snake phobia because you once heard a loud noise while looking at a snake, for you a snake is a

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, salivation was the

Lynn is teaching learning. Every time she claps her hands, Charlie turns off the light. When Randy claps in approval of Lynn’s presentation, Charlie does not turn the light off. What concept has Charlie demonstrated?

After pairing the CS and US in a series of conditioning trials, the organism learns to respond to the CS alone. This response is then called

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, food was the